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跨学科 化学（2024·南通二模）If 逐题讲解
you are looking to get a better understanding of the world around
you, chemistry is the perfect subject to study.
It's a study of matter(物质), its properties—ways in which it behaves in special conditions, and how it interacts with everything around it. At the heart of all the discoveries, such as medicine, cooking, and several other areas, is one important table that organizes elements based on their atomic number and chemical properties: the periodic table.
Although the first periodic table was published in 1869, it was a work in progress for hundreds, if not thousands of years.
Since ancient times, people have been interested in elements such as gold, tin, iron and copper (which are written as Au, Sn, Fe and Cu in the table) in their natural forms. They were dug up from the ground and used to make jewelry, guns, coins, and many other things. Over time, people became more curious about these metals and how they were made up. In ancient Greece, Aristotle and other philosophers said things were made from the elements of the earth, water, fire and air. For years, this idea was accepted. Then people began to consider this idea again during the Age of Enlightenment.
In 1661, Irish scientist Robert Boyle described an element as something that "cannot be broken down into a simpler matter by a chemical reaction". Over a century later, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Father of Chemistry, would publish the first modern textbook on chemistry. In it, he listed some matter which he believed should be divided as elements into two groups: metals and non-metals. Although his work wasn't completely correct, it represented a big step forward at that time.
Over the next century, scientists started to divide the elements into different groups depending on their properties and atomic weights. However, it is Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev who is usually believed as the first person to make a periodic table. Although other scientists had handed in tables, they were finally refused by the scientific community because they were short of details. Mendeleev put all of the elements in a proper order according to their atomic mass. He was even smart enough to leave empty spaces for elements which hadn't been discovered at the time. Although Mendeleev's periodic table wasn't perfect, it set the way or order which is similar to the one used today.
1. Why did people first become interested in elements?
A. Many people wanted to be like a scientist.
B. They wanted to use metals to make things.
C. People in ancient times were crazy about science.
D. They thought chemistry is useful for everything.
2. The writer mentioned Antonie-Laurent de Lavoisier
A. to require us to care about the history
B. to encourage us to discover and think
C. to advise us to respect the great chemist
D. to remind us to pay attention to his contribution
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The influence of chemistry is the easiest to see in the real world.
B. Aristotle was spoken highly of during the Age of Enlightenment.
C. Mendeleev is usually considered the first person to create the table.
D. Robert Boyle was the one who wrote down every element on the Earth.
4. This passage is mainly about
A. what the table is like
B. why the table is popular
C. how the table developed
D. when the table first appeared
逐题讲解
you are looking to get a better understanding of the world around
you, chemistry is the perfect subject to study.
It's a study of matter(物质), its properties—ways in which it behaves in special conditions, and how it interacts with everything around it. At the heart of all the discoveries, such as medicine, cooking, and several other areas, is one important table that organizes elements based on their atomic number and chemical properties: the periodic table.
Although the first periodic table was published in 1869, it was a work in progress for hundreds, if not thousands of years.
Since ancient times, people have been interested in elements such as gold, tin, iron and copper (which are written as Au, Sn, Fe and Cu in the table) in their natural forms. They were dug up from the ground and used to make jewelry, guns, coins, and many other things. Over time, people became more curious about these metals and how they were made up. In ancient Greece, Aristotle and other philosophers said things were made from the elements of the earth, water, fire and air. For years, this idea was accepted. Then people began to consider this idea again during the Age of Enlightenment.
In 1661, Irish scientist Robert Boyle described an element as something that "cannot be broken down into a simpler matter by a chemical reaction". Over a century later, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Father of Chemistry, would publish the first modern textbook on chemistry. In it, he listed some matter which he believed should be divided as elements into two groups: metals and non-metals. Although his work wasn't completely correct, it represented a big step forward at that time.
Over the next century, scientists started to divide the elements into different groups depending on their properties and atomic weights. However, it is Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev who is usually believed as the first person to make a periodic table. Although other scientists had handed in tables, they were finally refused by the scientific community because they were short of details. Mendeleev put all of the elements in a proper order according to their atomic mass. He was even smart enough to leave empty spaces for elements which hadn't been discovered at the time. Although Mendeleev's periodic table wasn't perfect, it set the way or order which is similar to the one used today.
1. Why did people first become interested in elements?
A. Many people wanted to be like a scientist.
B. They wanted to use metals to make things.
C. People in ancient times were crazy about science.
D. They thought chemistry is useful for everything.
2. The writer mentioned Antonie-Laurent de Lavoisier
D
.A. to require us to care about the history
B. to encourage us to discover and think
C. to advise us to respect the great chemist
D. to remind us to pay attention to his contribution
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The influence of chemistry is the easiest to see in the real world.
B. Aristotle was spoken highly of during the Age of Enlightenment.
C. Mendeleev is usually considered the first person to create the table.
D. Robert Boyle was the one who wrote down every element on the Earth.
4. This passage is mainly about
C
.A. what the table is like
B. why the table is popular
C. how the table developed
D. when the table first appeared
逐题讲解
答案
C 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了元素周期表的由来及发展。
1. B 细节理解题。根据“Since ancient times, people have been interested in elements ... used to make jewelry, guns, coins, and many other things.”可知，人们开始对元素感兴趣是为了用金属来制造东西。故选 B。
2. D 写作意图题。根据“Over a century later, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Father of Chemistry, would publish the first modern textbook on chemistry ... Although his work wasn't completely correct, it represented a big step forward at that time.”可推知，作者提到 Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier 是为了提醒我们要注意他的贡献。故选 D。
3. C 细节理解题。根据“However, it is Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev who is usually believed as the first person to make a periodic table.”可知，门捷列夫通常被认为是第一个创造这个表的人。故选 C。
4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了元素周期表的由来及发展。故选 C。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了元素周期表的由来及发展。
1. B 细节理解题。根据“Since ancient times, people have been interested in elements ... used to make jewelry, guns, coins, and many other things.”可知，人们开始对元素感兴趣是为了用金属来制造东西。故选 B。
2. D 写作意图题。根据“Over a century later, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Father of Chemistry, would publish the first modern textbook on chemistry ... Although his work wasn't completely correct, it represented a big step forward at that time.”可推知，作者提到 Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier 是为了提醒我们要注意他的贡献。故选 D。
3. C 细节理解题。根据“However, it is Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev who is usually believed as the first person to make a periodic table.”可知，门捷列夫通常被认为是第一个创造这个表的人。故选 C。
4. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了元素周期表的由来及发展。故选 C。
解析
【分析】这是一篇跨学科的英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解题、写作意图题、主旨大意题三类题型。解题思路：1. 细节理解题需根据题干关键词定位原文对应内容，对比选项与原文表述选出匹配项；2. 写作意图题要结合提及人物的上下文语境，分析其在文中的作用；3. 主旨大意题需通读全文梳理核心内容，归纳文章主旨，排除片面或偏离主题的选项。
【解析】1. 细节理解题：根据原文“Since ancient times, people have been interested in elements such as gold, tin, iron and copper... They were dug up from the ground and used to make jewelry, guns, coins, and many other things.”可知，人们对元素感兴趣是为了用金属制造物品，故选B。2. 写作意图题：根据原文“Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Father of Chemistry, would publish the first modern textbook on chemistry... it represented a big step forward at that time.”可知，作者提及拉瓦锡是为了提醒我们关注他对化学发展的贡献，故选D。3. 细节理解题：根据原文“it is Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev who is usually believed as the first person to make a periodic table.”可知，门捷列夫通常被认为是第一个制作元素周期表的人，故选C。4. 主旨大意题：通读全文，文章从古代对元素的兴趣，到波义耳、拉瓦锡的贡献，再到门捷列夫制作元素周期表，主要介绍了元素周期表的发展历程，故选C。
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】本文结合化学学科知识，以英语阅读形式考查学生的信息定位、意图判断和主旨归纳能力，题型常规，需学生准确抓取原文关键信息，理解作者写作逻辑，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】1. 细节理解题：根据原文“Since ancient times, people have been interested in elements such as gold, tin, iron and copper... They were dug up from the ground and used to make jewelry, guns, coins, and many other things.”可知，人们对元素感兴趣是为了用金属制造物品，故选B。2. 写作意图题：根据原文“Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Father of Chemistry, would publish the first modern textbook on chemistry... it represented a big step forward at that time.”可知，作者提及拉瓦锡是为了提醒我们关注他对化学发展的贡献，故选D。3. 细节理解题：根据原文“it is Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev who is usually believed as the first person to make a periodic table.”可知，门捷列夫通常被认为是第一个制作元素周期表的人，故选C。4. 主旨大意题：通读全文，文章从古代对元素的兴趣，到波义耳、拉瓦锡的贡献，再到门捷列夫制作元素周期表，主要介绍了元素周期表的发展历程，故选C。
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】本文结合化学学科知识，以英语阅读形式考查学生的信息定位、意图判断和主旨归纳能力，题型常规，需学生准确抓取原文关键信息，理解作者写作逻辑，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5
