B
(2024·泰州二模)Have you ever wondered why we say maidongxi instead of mainanbei, shangcesuo instead of xiacesuo, and yijianxiangzuo instead of yijianxiangyou? Many Chinese words have directions in them, and there is lots of history and culture hidden behind.

East or West
When going shopping, Chinese people say maidongxi instead of mainanbei. A theory says that in the Tang Dynasty, there were two popular markets in Chang'an, the national capital at the time. One was called the East Market, and the other was called the West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first, and then went to the West Market. As time went by, people started to describe shopping as maidongxi.

Up or Down
We use shangcesuo to mean "go to the bathroom" and xiachufang to mean "go to the kitchen". Why? In ancient times, houses were laid out(布局) in a certain way. The gate of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeastern part of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part. On maps, north is usually at the top while south is at the bottom. In Chinese, we talk about the north as shang and the south as xia. So people would say they're going up to the bathroom and down to the kitchen.
Ancient Chinese not only used shang and xia to refer to directions but also social positions. For example, people used huangshang to refer to the emperor and dianxia to refer to the prince who had a lower position than the emperor.

Left or Right
Most people today are right-handed. They feel uncomfortable if they try to use their left hand to write or use chopsticks. This was true in old times as well. So in ancient China, "left" was related to(与……有关联) being different, such as in yijianxiangzuo. If people don't accept common beliefs, we still say they are following .
When shaking hands, it's important to know which hand to use. In most cultures, the right hand is generally used for a handshake. For example, in some countries, such as India and Nepal, the left hand is considered unclean. However, if you are in a culture where the left hand is used, you'd better do as the locals do.
"Left" and "right" also have something to do with people's social position. For a long time in ancient China, "right" stood for higher position than "left". For example, the character "佑", developed from "右", means a person in a higher position would protect someone in a lower position.
1. Why does the writer use shangcesuo and yijianxiangzuo in the first paragraph?
A.To tell a story.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To give an example.
D.To solve a mystery.
题中题144
2. 跨学科 语文 Which of the following Chinese expressions can be used as an example in “Where to buy things?”?
A.东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯
B.东边日出西边雨
C.青山横北郭，白水绕东城
D.任尔东西南北风
3. 新考法 创新设问 Which picture shows the layout of houses in ancient China according to the passage?
(gate 图1；bathroom 图2；kitchen 图3)
4. 新考法 补全文章 Which of the following can be best put in ?
A. qishangmanxia
B. shangcuanxiatiao
C. pangmenzuodao
D. zuosiyouxiang
5. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. In ancient China, most of the people were left-handed.
B. In ancient Chinese, the word "right" meant being different.
C. In India, people should shake hands with their right hand.
D. When shaking hands, we should never use the left hand.
C

1. B 写作意图题。根据“Many Chinese words have directions in them, and there is lots of history and culture hidden behind.”可知，作者在第一段用“上厕所”和“意见相左”是为了引出本文将介绍的词语相关的话题。故选 B。Q解题技巧 说明文的第一段一般用来引出文章的话题，作者使用了“上厕所”和“意见相左”的例子同文章的话题相关，且紧随这些例子后面就是文章的话题，所以这些例子是为了引出文章的话题。
@@2. A 推理判断题。根据“One was called the East Market, and the other was called the West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market first, and then went to the West Market.”可知，在唐朝，人们购物时，通常先去东市场，然后去西市场，因此推断选项 A 符合题意。故选 A。
@@3. B 图示理解题。根据“The gate of the house would face south, with the bathroom in the northeastern part of the house and the kitchen in the southeastern part.”可知，中国古代房子的布局是：房子的大门朝南，厕所在房子的东北部，厨房在东南部，因此选项 B 的布局符合题意。故选 B。
4. C 补全文章题。根据“So in ancient China, ‘left’ was related to being different, such as in yijianxiangzuo.”可知，“左”通常表示与别人意见不一致，因此此空可以填选项 C“旁门左道”。故选 C。
5. C 判断正误题。根据“For example, in some countries, such as India and Nepal, the left hand is considered unclean.”可知，在印度，左手被认为是不干净的，由此可推知，C 项“在印度，人们应该用右手握手”表述正确。故选 C。