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D(2024·无锡中考改编)
A theory of emotion
Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response(反应) to a threat(威胁) and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion.
①A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.
②The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the USA. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it.
Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don't feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10,189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as "an emotional response to a real or imagined threat". They used a theory of emotion(情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind.
③The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren't very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people's hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are "definitely not the best way to reduce anger".
④The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.
1. According to Schachter and Singer's theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid?
A. You get the feeling of fear.
B. You get the feeling of calm.
C. Your heart beats fast.
D. Your heart beats slowly.
2. What is the main finding of the new study?
A. A new method of venting anger.
B. A new method of reducing anger.
C. Good activities to vent anger.
D. Good activities to reduce anger.
3. What can we learn about calming activities?
A. They can reduce feelings of anger.
B. They can increase the heart rate.
C. They are good for mind health.
D. They are good for heart health.
4. 新考法 补全文章 The following sentence can best be put at the end of
They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings.
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
中考专题复习
A theory of emotion
Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response(反应) to a threat(威胁) and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion.
①A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.
②The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the USA. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it.
Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don't feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10,189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as "an emotional response to a real or imagined threat". They used a theory of emotion(情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind.
③The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren't very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people's hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are "definitely not the best way to reduce anger".
④The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.
1. According to Schachter and Singer's theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid?
A. You get the feeling of fear.
B. You get the feeling of calm.
C. Your heart beats fast.
D. Your heart beats slowly.
2. What is the main finding of the new study?
A. A new method of venting anger.
B. A new method of reducing anger.
C. Good activities to vent anger.
D. Good activities to reduce anger.
3. What can we learn about calming activities?
A. They can reduce feelings of anger.
B. They can increase the heart rate.
C. They are good for mind health.
D. They are good for heart health.
4. 新考法 补全文章 The following sentence can best be put at the end of
D
.They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings.
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
中考专题复习
答案
D 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于情绪的双因素理论以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。
1. C 推理判断题。根据“For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可推知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选 C。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选 D。
3. A 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒的感觉。故选 A。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故推断这句话可以放在第四段的结尾。故选 D。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于情绪的双因素理论以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。
1. C 推理判断题。根据“For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可推知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选 C。
2. D 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选 D。
3. A 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒的感觉。故选 A。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故推断这句话可以放在第四段的结尾。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕情绪双因素理论及一项减少愤怒的新研究展开。针对各题目，需先定位原文对应内容，结合题干要求分析选项：第1题紧扣Schachter和Singer的双因素理论，明确情绪形成的先后顺序（先身体反应后心理判断）；第2题提取新研究的核心发现；第3题定位平静活动的作用；第4题分析待补句子的逻辑，匹配对应段落内容。
【解析】
1. 根据Schachter和Singer的双因素理论，情绪形成先有身体反应，再由心理判断为情绪。原文举例“看到熊先出现心跳快等身体反应”，故看到蛇害怕时先发生的是心跳快，选C。
2. 新研究指出减少愤怒的关键是做平静活动而非发泄，核心发现是找到减少愤怒的有效活动，选D。
3. 原文提到平静活动（如瑜伽、冥想）能减少身体反应，进而帮助减少愤怒，选A。
4. 待补句子意为“有趣/游戏性活动有助于减少负面情绪”，第四段提到“球类、团队运动（有趣活动）可减少愤怒”，逻辑匹配，故放第四段，选D。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本文为说明文，考查学生对文章细节的定位能力和逻辑推理能力，题目贴合中考题型，需学生准确提取原文信息并理解段落逻辑。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕情绪双因素理论及一项减少愤怒的新研究展开。针对各题目，需先定位原文对应内容，结合题干要求分析选项：第1题紧扣Schachter和Singer的双因素理论，明确情绪形成的先后顺序（先身体反应后心理判断）；第2题提取新研究的核心发现；第3题定位平静活动的作用；第4题分析待补句子的逻辑，匹配对应段落内容。
【解析】
1. 根据Schachter和Singer的双因素理论，情绪形成先有身体反应，再由心理判断为情绪。原文举例“看到熊先出现心跳快等身体反应”，故看到蛇害怕时先发生的是心跳快，选C。
2. 新研究指出减少愤怒的关键是做平静活动而非发泄，核心发现是找到减少愤怒的有效活动，选D。
3. 原文提到平静活动（如瑜伽、冥想）能减少身体反应，进而帮助减少愤怒，选A。
4. 待补句子意为“有趣/游戏性活动有助于减少负面情绪”，第四段提到“球类、团队运动（有趣活动）可减少愤怒”，逻辑匹配，故放第四段，选D。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】
本文为说明文，考查学生对文章细节的定位能力和逻辑推理能力，题目贴合中考题型，需学生准确提取原文信息并理解段落逻辑。
【难度系数】
0.6
