登录
B
跨学科 地理 Climate change is speeding up the frequency and seriousness of extreme(极端的) weather events in places like the Horn of Africa, where deadly floods and the worst drought hit in decades. Besides, traditional weather forecast(预报) models in sub-Saharan Africa often aren't dependable enough to forecast extreme weather events accurately(准确地) ahead of time, leaving the areas at risk. Based on the facts, accurate and timely forecasts are important to safeguard lives and livelihoods.
Climate scientists are building artificial intelligence(AI) into the traditional weather forecasting method in East Africa to improve the accuracy of extreme weather forecasts. By using both physical atmospheric processes in traditional forecasting and AI, researchers develop a first-of-its-kind new modeling approach to give more accurate rainfall forecasts. "We start from the traditional forecasts and add the AI model to it to make up for what the traditional forecasts have missed, so that the
英语九上(江苏版)
final forecast results can more accurately match the data that has actually been observed," explains Shruti Nath, a climate scientist and researcher at the University of Oxford Department of Physics.
According to Shruti Nath, this model, which only requires a notebook computer to run, without the need for expensive supercomputers, gives local meteorological(气象学的) organizations an affordable way of making more accurate forecasts in an area where there is a shortage of accurate observational data. The researchers say the project could change early warning systems in East Africa, making the area get better prepared for the extreme weather caused by climate change.
Traditionally, many forecasting organizations in Africa didn't have good computational resources. The project is supported by an IT company, which provides funding and computational resources. This approach gives them the ability to use AI to make forecasting at the least computational expense.
The model is currently being rolled out in Kenya and Ethiopia. If successful in East Africa, researchers hope to use it in other parts of the world facing similar challenges. More countries are trying to spread the technology as well as build local ownership and trust.
5. What does the author want to stress in the first paragraph?
A. The necessity of using the new weather forecast model.
B. The great climate changes caused by human activities.
C. The seriousness of the flood and drought in Africa.
D. Little progress has been made in weather forecasts.
题中题 112
6. How does the new weather forecast model work?
A. It needs much less observational data.
B. It uses supercomputers to process data.
C. It combines AI with the traditional method.
D. It depends on AI instead of the former way.
7. What can we say about the new weather forecast model?
A. It runs easily.
B. It is low-cost.
C. It doesn't work as wished.
D. It is geographically limited.
8. What can be the most suitable title for the text?
A. Climate Change and Its Effects on Africa
B. Uncertainty of Weather Forecast with AI
C. AI Helping Improve Weather Forecast in Sub-Saharan Africa
D. The Challenges Faced by Traditional Weather Forecast Model
跨学科 地理 Climate change is speeding up the frequency and seriousness of extreme(极端的) weather events in places like the Horn of Africa, where deadly floods and the worst drought hit in decades. Besides, traditional weather forecast(预报) models in sub-Saharan Africa often aren't dependable enough to forecast extreme weather events accurately(准确地) ahead of time, leaving the areas at risk. Based on the facts, accurate and timely forecasts are important to safeguard lives and livelihoods.
Climate scientists are building artificial intelligence(AI) into the traditional weather forecasting method in East Africa to improve the accuracy of extreme weather forecasts. By using both physical atmospheric processes in traditional forecasting and AI, researchers develop a first-of-its-kind new modeling approach to give more accurate rainfall forecasts. "We start from the traditional forecasts and add the AI model to it to make up for what the traditional forecasts have missed, so that the
英语九上(江苏版)
final forecast results can more accurately match the data that has actually been observed," explains Shruti Nath, a climate scientist and researcher at the University of Oxford Department of Physics.
According to Shruti Nath, this model, which only requires a notebook computer to run, without the need for expensive supercomputers, gives local meteorological(气象学的) organizations an affordable way of making more accurate forecasts in an area where there is a shortage of accurate observational data. The researchers say the project could change early warning systems in East Africa, making the area get better prepared for the extreme weather caused by climate change.
Traditionally, many forecasting organizations in Africa didn't have good computational resources. The project is supported by an IT company, which provides funding and computational resources. This approach gives them the ability to use AI to make forecasting at the least computational expense.
The model is currently being rolled out in Kenya and Ethiopia. If successful in East Africa, researchers hope to use it in other parts of the world facing similar challenges. More countries are trying to spread the technology as well as build local ownership and trust.
5. What does the author want to stress in the first paragraph?
A. The necessity of using the new weather forecast model.
B. The great climate changes caused by human activities.
C. The seriousness of the flood and drought in Africa.
D. Little progress has been made in weather forecasts.
题中题 112
6. How does the new weather forecast model work?
A. It needs much less observational data.
B. It uses supercomputers to process data.
C. It combines AI with the traditional method.
D. It depends on AI instead of the former way.
7. What can we say about the new weather forecast model?
A. It runs easily.
B. It is low-cost.
C. It doesn't work as wished.
D. It is geographically limited.
8. What can be the most suitable title for the text?
A. Climate Change and Its Effects on Africa
B. Uncertainty of Weather Forecast with AI
C. AI Helping Improve Weather Forecast in Sub-Saharan Africa
D. The Challenges Faced by Traditional Weather Forecast Model
答案
5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候科学家将人工智能融入传统天气预报方法中,开发出一种新的建模方法来提高极端天气的预报准确性。
5. A 解析:推理判断题。作者在第一段列举了气候变化使极端天气加剧,而传统天气预报模型往往不够可靠,无法提前准确预测极端天气事件。因此作者得出了这样的结论"accurate and timely forecasts are important to safeguard lives and livelihoods"准确及时的预报对于保护生命和生计至关重要。因此作者认为新的、有效的天气预报模型非常必要。故选 A。
技法点拨 题目问作者想要在第一段强调的内容,就是在问作者写第一段的目的,其必然是围绕着文章的主题——融入了人工智能的新天气预报模型,第一段应当引入这个主题。
6. C 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中"By using both physical atmospheric processes in traditional forecasting and AI, researchers develop a first-of-its-kind new modeling approach to give more accurate rainfall forecasts."可知,新的天气预报模型将人工智能与传统方法相结合。故选 C。
7. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中"this model, which only requires a notebook computer to run, without the need for expensive supercomputers ..."可知,新的天气预报模型成本低。故选 B。
8. C 解析:标题归纳题。文章第一段引入了使用新型、有效的天气预报模型的必要性,从第二段开始介绍融合了人工智能的天气预报模型的作用与优点,因此C项"人工智能帮助改善撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲地区的天气预报"最能概括全文。故选 C。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候科学家将人工智能融入传统天气预报方法中,开发出一种新的建模方法来提高极端天气的预报准确性。
5. A 解析:推理判断题。作者在第一段列举了气候变化使极端天气加剧,而传统天气预报模型往往不够可靠,无法提前准确预测极端天气事件。因此作者得出了这样的结论"accurate and timely forecasts are important to safeguard lives and livelihoods"准确及时的预报对于保护生命和生计至关重要。因此作者认为新的、有效的天气预报模型非常必要。故选 A。
技法点拨 题目问作者想要在第一段强调的内容,就是在问作者写第一段的目的,其必然是围绕着文章的主题——融入了人工智能的新天气预报模型,第一段应当引入这个主题。
6. C 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中"By using both physical atmospheric processes in traditional forecasting and AI, researchers develop a first-of-its-kind new modeling approach to give more accurate rainfall forecasts."可知,新的天气预报模型将人工智能与传统方法相结合。故选 C。
7. B 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中"this model, which only requires a notebook computer to run, without the need for expensive supercomputers ..."可知,新的天气预报模型成本低。故选 B。
8. C 解析:标题归纳题。文章第一段引入了使用新型、有效的天气预报模型的必要性,从第二段开始介绍融合了人工智能的天气预报模型的作用与优点,因此C项"人工智能帮助改善撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲地区的天气预报"最能概括全文。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇阅读题，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：
1. 第5题是段落作用推理题，首先读第一段的全部内容，先梳理段落的逻辑：先讲非洲极端天气频发，再点出传统预报模型不准的缺陷，最后落脚到“准确及时的预报对保障生命和生计非常重要”，作者铺垫所有现存问题，最终目的是引出新的可靠预报模型的必要性，不要把段落里的局部细节当成核心强调的内容。
2. 第6题是细节理解题，直接定位题干关键词“new weather forecast model work”到第二段找对应的运作原理，就能直接找到原文描述新模型同时结合传统预报的物理大气过程和AI技术的内容，排除和原文表述矛盾的干扰项即可。
3. 第7题也是细节理解题，定位第三段关于新模型特点的描述，抓住“不需要昂贵的超级计算机、普通笔记本就能运行、当地机构负担得起”这些关键信息，就能对应到新模型低成本的属性。
4. 第8题是标题归纳题，要筛选覆盖全文所有核心要素的选项，核心要素是“AI技术、改进天气预报、撒哈拉以南非洲区域”，排除只对应局部段落内容的片面选项即可。
【解析】
我们逐题结合原文分析选项：
5. 第一段先点明气候变化让非洲极端天气灾害变多，同时传统预报模型可靠性不足，无法提前精准预警极端天气，最终得出结论“准确及时的预报是保障生命和生计的关键”，作者铺垫所有现存问题，核心是强调研发使用新的有效预报模型的必要性。B选项“人类活动引发气候变化”第一段完全没有提及；C选项“非洲旱涝灾害严重”只是段落的铺垫细节，不是作者最终要强调的核心；D选项“天气预报几乎没有进步”不符合原文表述，因此选A。
6. 根据第二段原文“By using both physical atmospheric processes in traditional forecasting and AI, researchers develop a first-of-its-kind new modeling approach to give more accurate rainfall forecasts”，可知新模型是将AI和传统预报方法结合运作的。A选项“需要更少观测数据”原文没有相关表述；B选项和原文“不需要昂贵的超级计算机”矛盾；D选项“完全依赖AI替代传统方法”和原文表述不符，因此选C。
7. 根据第三段原文“this model, which only requires a notebook computer to run, without the need for expensive supercomputers... an affordable way of making more accurate forecasts”，可知新模型不需要高额的硬件投入，成本很低。A选项“运行简单”不是原文重点突出的属性；C选项“达不到预期效果”和原文正在试点推广的表述矛盾；D选项“地理范围受限”和原文计划未来向全球其他区域推广的内容不符，因此选B。
8. 全文核心内容是：为解决撒哈拉以南非洲传统天气预报准确率不足的问题，科学家将AI和传统预报方法结合，开发出低成本的新模型提升极端天气预报能力。A选项仅聚焦气候变化对非洲的影响，完全没有覆盖核心的AI预报内容；B选项“AI预报的不确定性”和原文介绍AI优势的内容完全相反；D选项“传统预报模型的挑战”只是开篇的铺垫内容，不是全文核心，只有C选项完整覆盖了全文核心要素，因此选C。
【答案】
5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨归纳，阅读理解推理判断
【点评】
这是一篇跨地理学科的说明文阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读三大常规题型，难度适中。解题时要注意区分段落的铺垫细节和作者最终想要传递的核心目的，避免把局部信息误判为主旨，做标题类题目时要优先选择覆盖全文核心要素的选项，排除仅对应单个段落内容的片面干扰项。
【难度系数】
0.6
拿到这篇阅读题，我们可以按题型逐个梳理思路：
1. 第5题是段落作用推理题，首先读第一段的全部内容，先梳理段落的逻辑：先讲非洲极端天气频发，再点出传统预报模型不准的缺陷，最后落脚到“准确及时的预报对保障生命和生计非常重要”，作者铺垫所有现存问题，最终目的是引出新的可靠预报模型的必要性，不要把段落里的局部细节当成核心强调的内容。
2. 第6题是细节理解题，直接定位题干关键词“new weather forecast model work”到第二段找对应的运作原理，就能直接找到原文描述新模型同时结合传统预报的物理大气过程和AI技术的内容，排除和原文表述矛盾的干扰项即可。
3. 第7题也是细节理解题，定位第三段关于新模型特点的描述，抓住“不需要昂贵的超级计算机、普通笔记本就能运行、当地机构负担得起”这些关键信息，就能对应到新模型低成本的属性。
4. 第8题是标题归纳题，要筛选覆盖全文所有核心要素的选项，核心要素是“AI技术、改进天气预报、撒哈拉以南非洲区域”，排除只对应局部段落内容的片面选项即可。
【解析】
我们逐题结合原文分析选项：
5. 第一段先点明气候变化让非洲极端天气灾害变多，同时传统预报模型可靠性不足，无法提前精准预警极端天气，最终得出结论“准确及时的预报是保障生命和生计的关键”，作者铺垫所有现存问题，核心是强调研发使用新的有效预报模型的必要性。B选项“人类活动引发气候变化”第一段完全没有提及；C选项“非洲旱涝灾害严重”只是段落的铺垫细节，不是作者最终要强调的核心；D选项“天气预报几乎没有进步”不符合原文表述，因此选A。
6. 根据第二段原文“By using both physical atmospheric processes in traditional forecasting and AI, researchers develop a first-of-its-kind new modeling approach to give more accurate rainfall forecasts”，可知新模型是将AI和传统预报方法结合运作的。A选项“需要更少观测数据”原文没有相关表述；B选项和原文“不需要昂贵的超级计算机”矛盾；D选项“完全依赖AI替代传统方法”和原文表述不符，因此选C。
7. 根据第三段原文“this model, which only requires a notebook computer to run, without the need for expensive supercomputers... an affordable way of making more accurate forecasts”，可知新模型不需要高额的硬件投入，成本很低。A选项“运行简单”不是原文重点突出的属性；C选项“达不到预期效果”和原文正在试点推广的表述矛盾；D选项“地理范围受限”和原文计划未来向全球其他区域推广的内容不符，因此选B。
8. 全文核心内容是：为解决撒哈拉以南非洲传统天气预报准确率不足的问题，科学家将AI和传统预报方法结合，开发出低成本的新模型提升极端天气预报能力。A选项仅聚焦气候变化对非洲的影响，完全没有覆盖核心的AI预报内容；B选项“AI预报的不确定性”和原文介绍AI优势的内容完全相反；D选项“传统预报模型的挑战”只是开篇的铺垫内容，不是全文核心，只有C选项完整覆盖了全文核心要素，因此选C。
【答案】
5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨归纳，阅读理解推理判断
【点评】
这是一篇跨地理学科的说明文阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读三大常规题型，难度适中。解题时要注意区分段落的铺垫细节和作者最终想要传递的核心目的，避免把局部信息误判为主旨，做标题类题目时要优先选择覆盖全文核心要素的选项，排除仅对应单个段落内容的片面干扰项。
【难度系数】
0.6
