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[2025 上海金山区二模]In the early part of human history, communication over long distances was slow and unreliable(不可靠的). This article can help you find out how advancements in communications have transformed the way people communicate and how businesses are run.
Smoke signals and carrier pigeons
From historical dramas, you might have seen methods of communication such as messages relayed through smoke signals or the pigeon post.
Postal letters
With the rise of maritime(海上的) shipping, postal letters were carried between two main areas of land in the world. However, these letters often took months to arrive and might be lost due to disasters at sea.
Telegraphs and telephones
The telegraph was developed in the 1830s to transmit (传送) electrical signals over a wire installed between telegraph stations. Later, scientists invented receivers that were able to turn electricity into sound. This led to the development of telephones in the 1870s which allowed the human voice to be transmitted over wires.
Smartphones
Since the 2000s, telephones and mobile phones have developed rapidly, enabling people to keep their attention on a range of functions beyond making calls. With key developments in wireless networks, mobile processors and camera technology, people are now able to communicate with others across different time zones and over various distances via instant video calls using their smartphones.
11. 新考法·写作手法题 In what order is the article written?
A. In order of space.
B. In order of time.
C. In logical order.
D. In order of event development.
12. Which of the following is the right statement about postal letters?
A. Postal letters could always be sent to the receivers.
B. Postal letters were always lost because of the disasters at sea.
C. Postal letters were often slow and unreliable.
D. Postal letters were often carried between ships in the world.
13. What is the similarity between telegraphs and telephones?
A. They both appeared in the eighteenth century.
B. They both transmitted electrical signals over wires.
C. They were both able to turn electricity into sound.
D. They were both transmitted over wires.
14. Which of the following may have the similar meaning to the underlined word "relayed"?
A. Passed along.
B. Posted.
C. Signed.
D. Organized.
15. What does the underlined part probably refer to?
A. People all over the city.
B. People all over the country.
C. People across different countries.
D. People from different generations.
16. Which one can be the best title for the article?
A. Developments in long-distance communication
B. Inventions of computers and the internet
C. Advantages of transportation
D. Electronic resources in our lives
四、任务型阅读
新风向·聚焦科技发展 [2026 上海松江区泗泾实验学校补充练习]
Robot Sharks Are Here to Help
根据短文内容回答下列问题
1. What are the robot sharks in the West Lake used for?（不超过15个词）
2. Why are sharks chosen to be the shape of the robots? List two reasons.（不超过15个词）
3. How long can the robot shark swim with its battery?（不超过5个词）
4. Is the robot shark faster or slower than real fish? Why?（不超过15个词）
5. 新考法·开放性设问 If you can make a "robot animal" to help humans, what animal will you choose (a robot bird, a robot dog, or a robot...)? What can it do?（不超过30个词）
Smoke signals and carrier pigeons
From historical dramas, you might have seen methods of communication such as messages relayed through smoke signals or the pigeon post.
Postal letters
With the rise of maritime(海上的) shipping, postal letters were carried between two main areas of land in the world. However, these letters often took months to arrive and might be lost due to disasters at sea.
Telegraphs and telephones
The telegraph was developed in the 1830s to transmit (传送) electrical signals over a wire installed between telegraph stations. Later, scientists invented receivers that were able to turn electricity into sound. This led to the development of telephones in the 1870s which allowed the human voice to be transmitted over wires.
Smartphones
Since the 2000s, telephones and mobile phones have developed rapidly, enabling people to keep their attention on a range of functions beyond making calls. With key developments in wireless networks, mobile processors and camera technology, people are now able to communicate with others across different time zones and over various distances via instant video calls using their smartphones.
11. 新考法·写作手法题 In what order is the article written?
A. In order of space.
B. In order of time.
C. In logical order.
D. In order of event development.
12. Which of the following is the right statement about postal letters?
A. Postal letters could always be sent to the receivers.
B. Postal letters were always lost because of the disasters at sea.
C. Postal letters were often slow and unreliable.
D. Postal letters were often carried between ships in the world.
13. What is the similarity between telegraphs and telephones?
A. They both appeared in the eighteenth century.
B. They both transmitted electrical signals over wires.
C. They were both able to turn electricity into sound.
D. They were both transmitted over wires.
14. Which of the following may have the similar meaning to the underlined word "relayed"?
A. Passed along.
B. Posted.
C. Signed.
D. Organized.
15. What does the underlined part probably refer to?
A. People all over the city.
B. People all over the country.
C. People across different countries.
D. People from different generations.
16. Which one can be the best title for the article?
A. Developments in long-distance communication
B. Inventions of computers and the internet
C. Advantages of transportation
D. Electronic resources in our lives
四、任务型阅读
新风向·聚焦科技发展 [2026 上海松江区泗泾实验学校补充练习]
Robot Sharks Are Here to Help
根据短文内容回答下列问题
1. What are the robot sharks in the West Lake used for?（不超过15个词）
For helping visitors find lost phones and other things in the water.
2. Why are sharks chosen to be the shape of the robots? List two reasons.（不超过15个词）
Because sharks are great swimmers and they can swim fast and turn quickly.
3. How long can the robot shark swim with its battery?（不超过5个词）
For four hours.
4. Is the robot shark faster or slower than real fish? Why?（不超过15个词）
Slower. Because real fish have soft muscles while the robot shark's body is harder.
5. 新考法·开放性设问 If you can make a "robot animal" to help humans, what animal will you choose (a robot bird, a robot dog, or a robot...)? What can it do?（不超过30个词）
I would choose a robot bird. It can fly high to rescue people in mountains, deliver medicine to faraway villages, and watch over forests to stop fires.
答案
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着时间的推移，远距离通信方式的演变，包括烟雾信号和信鸽、邮政信件、电报和电话、智能手机等通信方式及其特点。
11. B 写作手法题。根据第一段中的“This article... how advancements in communications have transformed the way people communicate and how businesses are run”可知，文章介绍了远距离通信方式的成就是如何改变人们的交流方式和商业经营的。再结合表格所介绍的内容可知，文章是按照时间顺序来写的。故选 B。
12. C 细节理解题。根据“Postal letters”部分中的“postal letters... these letters often took months to arrive and might be lost due to disasters at sea”可知，邮政信件通常很慢且容易丢失(不可靠)，故选 C。
13. D 细节理解题。根据“Telegraphs and telephones”部分中的“The telegraph was developed in the 1830s to transmit(传送) electrical signals over a wire”和“the development of telephones in the 1870s which allowed the human voice to be transmitted over wires”可知，电报和电话都是通过电线传输的，故选 D。
14. A 词义猜测题。根据“Smoke signals and carrier pigeons”部分中的“From historical dramas, you might have seen methods of communication such as messages relayed through smoke signals or the pigeon post”可知，从历史剧中，你可能看到诸如用烟雾信号或信鸽传书来“传递”信息的通讯方式，故 relayed 的意思是传递，故选 A。
15. C 推理判断题。根据“Smartphones”部分的“With key developments in wireless networks, mobile processors and camera technology, people are now able to communicate with others across different time zones and over various distances via instant video calls using their smartphones”可知，这里说的是人们可以跨越不同时区和距离，用手机进行视频通话，所以画线部分应该是指来自不同国家的人，故选 C。
16. A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了远距离通信方式从古代到现代的发展变化，故选 A。
【解题导语】 本文介绍了西湖的机器鲨鱼，说明其用途是帮游客打捞落水物品，解释了选择鲨鱼造型的原因，续航能力，以及它与真鱼的游泳差异和未来改进方向。
1. For helping visitors find lost phones and other things in the water.
2. Because sharks are great swimmers and they can swim fast and turn quickly.
3. For four hours.
4. Slower. Because real fish have soft muscles while the robot shark's body is harder.
5. I would choose a robot bird. It can fly high to rescue people in mountains, deliver medicine to faraway villages, and watch over forests to stop fires.
11. B 写作手法题。根据第一段中的“This article... how advancements in communications have transformed the way people communicate and how businesses are run”可知，文章介绍了远距离通信方式的成就是如何改变人们的交流方式和商业经营的。再结合表格所介绍的内容可知，文章是按照时间顺序来写的。故选 B。
12. C 细节理解题。根据“Postal letters”部分中的“postal letters... these letters often took months to arrive and might be lost due to disasters at sea”可知，邮政信件通常很慢且容易丢失(不可靠)，故选 C。
13. D 细节理解题。根据“Telegraphs and telephones”部分中的“The telegraph was developed in the 1830s to transmit(传送) electrical signals over a wire”和“the development of telephones in the 1870s which allowed the human voice to be transmitted over wires”可知，电报和电话都是通过电线传输的，故选 D。
14. A 词义猜测题。根据“Smoke signals and carrier pigeons”部分中的“From historical dramas, you might have seen methods of communication such as messages relayed through smoke signals or the pigeon post”可知，从历史剧中，你可能看到诸如用烟雾信号或信鸽传书来“传递”信息的通讯方式，故 relayed 的意思是传递，故选 A。
15. C 推理判断题。根据“Smartphones”部分的“With key developments in wireless networks, mobile processors and camera technology, people are now able to communicate with others across different time zones and over various distances via instant video calls using their smartphones”可知，这里说的是人们可以跨越不同时区和距离，用手机进行视频通话，所以画线部分应该是指来自不同国家的人，故选 C。
16. A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了远距离通信方式从古代到现代的发展变化，故选 A。
【解题导语】 本文介绍了西湖的机器鲨鱼，说明其用途是帮游客打捞落水物品，解释了选择鲨鱼造型的原因，续航能力，以及它与真鱼的游泳差异和未来改进方向。
1. For helping visitors find lost phones and other things in the water.
2. Because sharks are great swimmers and they can swim fast and turn quickly.
3. For four hours.
4. Slower. Because real fish have soft muscles while the robot shark's body is harder.
5. I would choose a robot bird. It can fly high to rescue people in mountains, deliver medicine to faraway villages, and watch over forests to stop fires.
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，分为选择题和任务型阅读两部分。解题时，选择题需先明确题目类型（如写作顺序、细节理解、词义猜测等），再回到原文定位对应段落，将选项与原文信息逐一比对；任务型阅读需根据问题关键词快速定位原文内容，按要求简洁作答，注意字数限制。
【解析】
11. 写作手法题：文章按时间顺序依次介绍了早期烟雾信号/信鸽、邮政信件、电报电话、智能手机的通信方式演变，符合时间顺序，故选B。
12. 细节理解题：定位“Postal letters”段落，原文提到“these letters often took months to arrive and might be lost due to disasters at sea”，说明邮政信件慢且不可靠，对应选项C。
13. 细节理解题：定位“Telegraphs and telephones”段落，电报通过电线传输电信号，电话通过电线传输人声，二者共同点是通过电线传输，故选D。
14. 词义猜测题：根据上下文“messages relayed through smoke signals or the pigeon post”，可知relayed意为“传递”，与选项A“Passed along”语义一致，故选A。
15. 推理判断题：画线部分“others across different time zones”指跨越不同时区的人，即不同国家的人，对应选项C。
16. 标题归纳题：全文围绕远距离通信方式的发展展开，核心主旨是通信技术的进步，故选A。
任务型阅读：
1. 定位“Robot Sharks Are Here to Help”段落，机器鲨鱼用于帮助游客打捞水中丢失的物品，故答案为For helping visitors find lost phones and other things in the water.
2. 原文提到选择鲨鱼造型的原因是“great swimmers, swim fast and turn quickly”，故答案为Because sharks are great swimmers and they can swim fast and turn quickly.
3. 原文明确说明机器鲨鱼的续航时间为four hours，故答案为For four hours.
4. 原文提到机器鲨鱼比真鱼慢，原因是真鱼肌肉柔软，机器鲨鱼身体较硬，故答案为Slower. Because real fish have soft muscles while the robot shark's body is harder.
5. 开放性设问，结合要求作答，示例答案为I would choose a robot bird. It can fly high to rescue people in mountains, deliver medicine to faraway villages, and watch over forests to stop fires.
【答案】
11.B 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.A；任务型阅读：1. For helping visitors find lost phones and other things in the water. 2. Because sharks are great swimmers and they can swim fast and turn quickly. 3. For four hours. 4. Slower. Because real fish have soft muscles while the robot shark's body is harder. 5. I would choose a robot bird. It can fly high to rescue people in mountains, deliver medicine to faraway villages, and watch over forests to stop fires.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解题、主旨大意题）、任务型阅读
【点评】
本文为两篇说明文，第一部分梳理了远距离通信的发展历程，第二部分介绍西湖机器鲨鱼的相关信息，题目涵盖写作顺序、细节定位、词义猜测、主旨归纳及任务型阅读，考查学生的信息提取与理解能力，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为英语阅读理解题，分为选择题和任务型阅读两部分。解题时，选择题需先明确题目类型（如写作顺序、细节理解、词义猜测等），再回到原文定位对应段落，将选项与原文信息逐一比对；任务型阅读需根据问题关键词快速定位原文内容，按要求简洁作答，注意字数限制。
【解析】
11. 写作手法题：文章按时间顺序依次介绍了早期烟雾信号/信鸽、邮政信件、电报电话、智能手机的通信方式演变，符合时间顺序，故选B。
12. 细节理解题：定位“Postal letters”段落，原文提到“these letters often took months to arrive and might be lost due to disasters at sea”，说明邮政信件慢且不可靠，对应选项C。
13. 细节理解题：定位“Telegraphs and telephones”段落，电报通过电线传输电信号，电话通过电线传输人声，二者共同点是通过电线传输，故选D。
14. 词义猜测题：根据上下文“messages relayed through smoke signals or the pigeon post”，可知relayed意为“传递”，与选项A“Passed along”语义一致，故选A。
15. 推理判断题：画线部分“others across different time zones”指跨越不同时区的人，即不同国家的人，对应选项C。
16. 标题归纳题：全文围绕远距离通信方式的发展展开，核心主旨是通信技术的进步，故选A。
任务型阅读：
1. 定位“Robot Sharks Are Here to Help”段落，机器鲨鱼用于帮助游客打捞水中丢失的物品，故答案为For helping visitors find lost phones and other things in the water.
2. 原文提到选择鲨鱼造型的原因是“great swimmers, swim fast and turn quickly”，故答案为Because sharks are great swimmers and they can swim fast and turn quickly.
3. 原文明确说明机器鲨鱼的续航时间为four hours，故答案为For four hours.
4. 原文提到机器鲨鱼比真鱼慢，原因是真鱼肌肉柔软，机器鲨鱼身体较硬，故答案为Slower. Because real fish have soft muscles while the robot shark's body is harder.
5. 开放性设问，结合要求作答，示例答案为I would choose a robot bird. It can fly high to rescue people in mountains, deliver medicine to faraway villages, and watch over forests to stop fires.
【答案】
11.B 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.A；任务型阅读：1. For helping visitors find lost phones and other things in the water. 2. Because sharks are great swimmers and they can swim fast and turn quickly. 3. For four hours. 4. Slower. Because real fish have soft muscles while the robot shark's body is harder. 5. I would choose a robot bird. It can fly high to rescue people in mountains, deliver medicine to faraway villages, and watch over forests to stop fires.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解题、主旨大意题）、任务型阅读
【点评】
本文为两篇说明文，第一部分梳理了远距离通信的发展历程，第二部分介绍西湖机器鲨鱼的相关信息，题目涵盖写作顺序、细节定位、词义猜测、主旨归纳及任务型阅读，考查学生的信息提取与理解能力，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
