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五、阅读理解
阅读短文，从每个小题的四个选项中，选出能回答所给问题或完成句子的最佳答案。
There are about 6,000 languages around the world. But 43 percent of these languages are dying out, according to UNESCO(联合国教科文组织).
Languages become endangered for many reasons. One of the reasons is that fewer and fewer people speak these languages. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns.
Once a language dies, it never comes back to life. Governments all over the world are taking action to stop this. In New Zealand, the government has said it wants more than 20 percent of the country's population to be able to speak basic Maori(毛利语) by 2040. It plans to provide Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools by 2025, as reported.
China is also trying to protect its languages. About 130 languages are spoken in China. In 2015, the government started a project to record all the languages spoken in China. Universities like Minzu University of China have set up these language learning courses for their students.
Some people argue that language loss, like the loss of some animal species, is simply a fact of life on Earth. However, all languages are human heritage(遗产). When we lose a language, we lose the culture of the people who speak it. Language itself is often the only way to pass on a certain community's history and culture, as well as its knowledge of things like math and geography.
1. According to the passage, how many languages are dying out?
A. About 43.
B. About 130.
C. About 2,500.
D. About 6,000.
2. Why do so many kinds of languages become endangered?
A. Because fewer and fewer people speak them and many move to cities.
B. Because all people prefer to learn English instead.
C. Because the government stops people from using them.
D. Because there are too many languages in the world.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The dead language can still come back to life if people take actions.
B. New Zealand wants everyone in the country to speak Maori.
C. Schools in New Zealand will provide Maori lessons.
D. China started a project to record all the languages spoken all over the world.
4. What does the writer want to tell us?
A. Animal species are dying out quickly.
B. Language loss means losing culture and knowledge.
C. It's useless to protect dying languages.
D. There are too many languages in the world.
阅读短文，从每个小题的四个选项中，选出能回答所给问题或完成句子的最佳答案。
There are about 6,000 languages around the world. But 43 percent of these languages are dying out, according to UNESCO(联合国教科文组织).
Languages become endangered for many reasons. One of the reasons is that fewer and fewer people speak these languages. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns.
Once a language dies, it never comes back to life. Governments all over the world are taking action to stop this. In New Zealand, the government has said it wants more than 20 percent of the country's population to be able to speak basic Maori(毛利语) by 2040. It plans to provide Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools by 2025, as reported.
China is also trying to protect its languages. About 130 languages are spoken in China. In 2015, the government started a project to record all the languages spoken in China. Universities like Minzu University of China have set up these language learning courses for their students.
Some people argue that language loss, like the loss of some animal species, is simply a fact of life on Earth. However, all languages are human heritage(遗产). When we lose a language, we lose the culture of the people who speak it. Language itself is often the only way to pass on a certain community's history and culture, as well as its knowledge of things like math and geography.
1. According to the passage, how many languages are dying out?
A. About 43.
B. About 130.
C. About 2,500.
D. About 6,000.
2. Why do so many kinds of languages become endangered?
A. Because fewer and fewer people speak them and many move to cities.
B. Because all people prefer to learn English instead.
C. Because the government stops people from using them.
D. Because there are too many languages in the world.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The dead language can still come back to life if people take actions.
B. New Zealand wants everyone in the country to speak Maori.
C. Schools in New Zealand will provide Maori lessons.
D. China started a project to record all the languages spoken all over the world.
4. What does the writer want to tell us?
A. Animal species are dying out quickly.
B. Language loss means losing culture and knowledge.
C. It's useless to protect dying languages.
D. There are too many languages in the world.
答案
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
解析
【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先明确题干问题，再带着问题回到原文定位对应段落，逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除错误选项后选出最佳答案。具体到各题：第1题需计算濒临灭绝语言的数量，对应原文总语言数及占比；第2题找语言濒危原因，定位第二段；第3题判断正误，需逐一核对选项与原文细节；第4题归纳作者意图，定位最后一段主旨内容。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第一段“There are about 6,000 languages around the world. But 43 percent of these languages are dying out”，计算可得6000×43%≈2580，与选项C（约2500）最接近，故选C。
2. 第2题：根据原文第二段“Languages become endangered for many reasons. One of the reasons is that fewer and fewer people speak these languages. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns”，可知原因对应选项A，故选A。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：A项与原文“Once a language dies, it never comes back to life”不符；B项与原文“it wants more than 20 percent of the country's population to be able to speak basic Maori”不符；C项与原文“It plans to provide Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools by 2025”相符；D项与原文“the government started a project to record all the languages spoken in China”不符，故选C。
4. 第4题：根据原文最后一段“When we lose a language, we lose the culture of the people who speak it. Language itself is often the only way to pass on a certain community's history and culture, as well as its knowledge...”，可知作者意在说明语言流失意味着失去文化和知识，对应选项B，故选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕语言濒危与保护展开，考查学生的信息定位、细节辨析及主旨归纳能力，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先明确题干问题，再带着问题回到原文定位对应段落，逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除错误选项后选出最佳答案。具体到各题：第1题需计算濒临灭绝语言的数量，对应原文总语言数及占比；第2题找语言濒危原因，定位第二段；第3题判断正误，需逐一核对选项与原文细节；第4题归纳作者意图，定位最后一段主旨内容。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第一段“There are about 6,000 languages around the world. But 43 percent of these languages are dying out”，计算可得6000×43%≈2580，与选项C（约2500）最接近，故选C。
2. 第2题：根据原文第二段“Languages become endangered for many reasons. One of the reasons is that fewer and fewer people speak these languages. These people sometimes leave their communities and move to cities or towns”，可知原因对应选项A，故选A。
3. 第3题：逐一核对选项：A项与原文“Once a language dies, it never comes back to life”不符；B项与原文“it wants more than 20 percent of the country's population to be able to speak basic Maori”不符；C项与原文“It plans to provide Maori lessons in all New Zealand schools by 2025”相符；D项与原文“the government started a project to record all the languages spoken in China”不符，故选C。
4. 第4题：根据原文最后一段“When we lose a language, we lose the culture of the people who speak it. Language itself is often the only way to pass on a certain community's history and culture, as well as its knowledge...”，可知作者意在说明语言流失意味着失去文化和知识，对应选项B，故选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕语言濒危与保护展开，考查学生的信息定位、细节辨析及主旨归纳能力，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
