一、根据英文释义或中文提示完成单词。
1. After winning the quarter-final, they are preparing for the （半决赛）next week.
2. Our headteacher is （公平的）to every student and never shows favoritism.
3. This （胜利）belongs to every member of the team who never gave up.
4. The （体操运动员）showed great courage and none of them gave up even after falling.
5. The young （a person who runs, especially as a sport or for exercise）broke the national record in the 100-metre race.

1. semi-final 2. fair 3. victory 4. gymnasts 5. runner

【分析】本题要求根据中文提示或英文释义，结合句子语境填写正确的英文单词。解题时需先明确每个句子的语义，再匹配括号内的提示，回忆对应的英文词汇，同时注意单词的形式变化（如第4题需根据后面的them确定用复数）。
【解析】1. 中文提示“半决赛”对应的英文单词是semi-final；2. “公平的”对应的英文单词是fair；3. “胜利”对应的英文单词是victory；4. 由句中“them”可知此处需用名词复数，“体操运动员”的复数形式是gymnasts；5. 英文释义“a person who runs, especially as a sport or for exercise”对应的单词是runner。
【答案】1. semi-final 2. fair 3. victory 4. gymnasts 5. runner
【知识点】词汇运用、单词拼写
【点评】本题考查基础词汇的掌握与运用，结合语境和提示填写单词，难度较低，是巩固词汇基础的常见题型。
【难度系数】0.7

二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. To his parents' (disappoint), he didn't get the job he had been dreaming of.
2. When it comes to (protect) the environment, every small action matters.
3. It is (possible) to finish such a difficult project in just two days without enough help.
4. It took her nearly three months (recover) from the serious illness.
5. She (perform) well in all her subjects and was praised by her teachers.

1. disappointment 2. protecting 3. impossible 4. to recover 5. performed

【分析】
1. 第1题考查固定搭配“to one's + 名词”，需将动词disappoint转换为名词；
2. 第2题中“when it comes to”的to是介词，介词后接动词的动名词形式；
3. 第3题根据句意需用形容词的否定形式，结合possible转换；
4. 第4题考查固定句型“It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth”，需用动词不定式；
5. 第5题由后半句时态确定为一般过去时，需用动词的过去式。
【解析】
1. “to one's + 名词”是固定搭配，disappoint的名词形式为disappointment，故填disappointment；
2. “when it comes to”中to为介词，后接动名词，protect的动名词是protecting，故填protecting；
3. 句意要求表达“不可能的”，possible的否定形式为impossible，故填impossible；
4. 固定句型“It takes sb some time to do sth”需用动词不定式，故填to recover；
5. 由was praised可知时态为一般过去时，perform的过去式是performed，故填performed。
【答案】
1. disappointment 2. protecting 3. impossible 4. to recover 5. performed
【知识点】
固定搭配、非谓语动词、一般过去时
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇形式转换及核心语法运用，涉及固定结构、非谓语、时态等初中英语重点知识点，侧重考查学生对基础语法和词汇的掌握情况，是常规基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

()1. — Why did you choose to bike to work today?
— I wanted to get some exercise driving my car.

A.instead of
B.instead
C.despite
D.except

1. A

【分析】首先理解对话句意：问句询问选择骑车上班的原因，答句表达“想锻炼而非开车”，需选表“代替”且符合语法结构的选项。接着辨析各选项：A项instead of是介词短语，后可接动名词；B项instead是副词，不能接宾语；C项despite表“尽管”，语义不符；D项except表“除……之外”，语义错误。
【解析】先明确句意逻辑：答句需体现“锻炼代替开车”的含义。逐一分析选项：A项instead of为介词短语，后接动名词driving，符合语法结构与语义；B项instead为副词，无法接宾语，排除；C项despite表转折，不符合语境；D项except表排除，语义错误。因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】介词短语辨析；词汇词义辨析
【点评】本题考查易混短语的用法，需区分instead与instead of的用法差异，掌握despite、except的词义，属于基础词汇辨析题，注重语境与语法的结合。
【难度系数】0.4

()2. It was a difficult time, but with the help of my friends, I it.

A.got through
B.got over
C.got along
D.got off

2. A

【分析】本题考查动词短语的词义辨析，解题时需先明确各选项短语的含义，再结合句子语境（表达度过艰难时光）逐一排除错误选项，选出符合语境的答案。
【解析】逐一分析选项：A. got through：意为“度过（艰难时期）；通过”，代入句中表示“在朋友帮助下度过了那段艰难时光”，符合语境；B. got over：意为“克服（困难）；恢复”，通常后接具体的困难事物（如difficulty、illness），不接指代“时间”的it，排除；C. got along：意为“相处；进展”，需与介词with搭配使用，不符合此处用法，排除；D. got off：意为“下车；离开”，与句子语境无关，排除。因此正确答案为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】动词短语辨析
【点评】本题考查初中英语核心的动词短语词义辨析，需准确区分相近短语的用法差异，结合语境判断是解题关键，属于基础考点。
【难度系数】0.6

()3. In many cultures, the colour white is purity and innocence.

A.a sign of
B.a symbol of
C.a signal of
D.a mark of

3. B

【分析】本题为英语词义辨析题，需结合语境和固定短语的含义选择正确选项。首先明确各选项短语的含义，再根据“在很多文化中，白色是纯洁和无辜的______”这一语境，判断哪个短语符合文化象征的表达。
【解析】本题考查固定短语辨析。A选项“a sign of”意为“……的迹象”，侧重表示某种征兆；B选项“a symbol of”意为“……的象征”，常用于指文化层面的代表；C选项“a signal of”意为“……的信号”，侧重传递的信号；D选项“a mark of”意为“……的标记”，侧重可见的痕迹。结合语境，白色在文化中是纯洁的象征，因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】固定短语辨析；名词短语词义辨析
【点评】本题考查英语常用短语的辨析，要求学生掌握常见短语的含义，结合文化语境选择合适表达，属于基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.4

()4. — I'm afraid this task is too difficult for me.
— Don't give up. difficulties you meet, I'll always be there to help you.

A.Whenever
B.However
C.Whatever
D.Wherever

4. C

【分析】
本题考查疑问词+ever引导的让步状语从句的用法辨析。解题思路：先理解对话句意，再分析四个选项的含义及用法，结合空格后名词的特点选择合适的词。
【解析】
对话翻译：——我恐怕这个任务对我来说太难了。——不要放弃。无论你遇到什么困难，我都会一直在那里帮助你。
选项分析：
A. Whenever：意为“无论何时”，用于指代时间，在句中作时间状语，不符合语境；
B. However：意为“无论怎样”，后常接形容词或副词，如however difficult，不能直接接名词，不符合；
C. Whatever：意为“无论什么”，后可接名词，whatever difficulties表示“无论什么困难”，符合句意和语法结构；
D. Wherever：意为“无论哪里”，用于指代地点，在句中作地点状语，不符合语境。
综上，答案选C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
让步状语从句；疑问词+ever的用法
【点评】
本题考查疑问词+ever引导的让步状语从句的辨析，需掌握各词的用法差异，结合语境和句子成分判断，属于基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

()5. — I want to become a scientist, but it seems so difficult.
— Don't worry. . Just keep trying.

A.Where there is a will, there is a way
B.No pains, no gains
C.Practice makes perfect
D.Every dog has its day

5. A

【分析】首先理解对话语境：说话人1表示想成为科学家但觉得困难，说话人2进行安慰并鼓励坚持。解题思路是先明确各选项谚语的含义，再结合语境匹配最贴合的谚语。
【解析】逐一分析选项：A选项“Where there is a will, there is a way”意为“有志者事竟成”，强调坚持的重要性；B选项“No pains, no gains”意为“一分耕耘，一分收获”，侧重付出与收获的关系；C选项“Practice makes perfect”意为“熟能生巧”，强调练习的作用；D选项“Every dog has its day”意为“人人皆有得意时”，指每个人都有走运的时候。结合语境，说话人2鼓励坚持以实现目标，A选项最贴合，故选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】英语谚语辨析、语境运用
【点评】本题考查英语谚语在具体对话语境中的运用，需准确理解各谚语含义并匹配语境，属于基础题型。
【难度系数】0.8

四、根据短文内容,在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号中所给单词的正确形式。
(常州月考)Huang Xuhua, (1) famous scientist in China, passed away at the age of 99 in Wuhan on February 6th, 2025. As stories about Huang and his team became widely known, people started to call (2) (he) "Father of China's Nuclear Submarines(核潜艇)".
Huang was born in Guangdong Province in 1926. He (3) (study) shipbuilding at National Chiao Tung University (now Shanghai Jiao Tong University) from 1945 to 1949. Later, he became one of the first (4) (scientist) to work on China's nuclear submarine program. In 1958, because of his excellent skills and qualities, Huang (5) (invite) to Beijing secretly. For the next 30 years, he worked hard in secret on China's nuclear submarine program. He and his team started from nothing and overcame
many difficulties. In 1970, he and his team (6) (success) launched (使……下水) China's first nuclear submarine, and it performed better than the first US nuclear submarine launched in 1954.
Huang's life was full (7) achievements. From 2017 to 2020, he was awarded the national-level honors three times by President Xi Jinping. In 2019, he was awarded the Medal of the Republic, and in 2020, he got the (8) (high) science and technology award in China for 2019.
Huang not only played a key role in developing China's first nuclear submarines, but also cared a lot about the future of science and technology in China. He donated over 20 million yuan to support scientific research, education (9) the spread of scientific knowledge. He spent his whole life (10) (develop) China's nuclear submarine industry and national defense(国防), which encourages us to try our best to make our country stronger.

1. a 2. him 3. studied 4. scientists 5. was invited 6. successfully 7. of 8. highest 9. and 10. developing

【分析】
本题为英语语法填空题，需结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配逐一分析每个空白处：1. 泛指一位著名科学家，用不定冠词；2. 动词call后接人称代词宾格；3. 由过去时间状语确定动词时态；4. one of后接可数名词复数；5. 主语与动词是被动关系，结合过去时态确定被动结构；6. 修饰动词用副词；7. 固定搭配be full of；8. 表示“最高的”用形容词最高级；9. 并列成分用连词；10. 固定搭配spend...doing sth.。
【解析】
1. 考查冠词：此处泛指“一位著名的科学家”，famous以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
2. 考查代词：动词call后需接人称代词宾格作宾语，he的宾格形式为him，故填him。
3. 考查动词时态：由时间状语“from 1945 to 1949”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，study的过去式为studied，故填studied。
4. 考查名词复数：“one of + 可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，scientist的复数形式为scientists，故填scientists。
5. 考查被动语态：主语Huang与动词invite是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语为单数，故填was invited。
6. 考查副词：此处需修饰动词launched，应用副词形式，success的副词为successfully，故填successfully。
7. 考查固定搭配：be full of是固定短语，意为“充满”，故填of。
8. 考查形容词最高级：根据语境，此处指“中国最高的科技奖”，应用high的最高级形式highest，故填highest。
9. 考查连词：此处连接两个并列的名词短语“scientific research”和“the spread of scientific knowledge”，应用并列连词and，故填and。
10. 考查非谓语动词：spend...(in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“花费……做某事”，故填developing。
【答案】
1. a 2. him 3. studied 4. scientists 5. was invited 6. successfully 7. of 8. highest 9. and 10. developing
【知识点】
冠词的用法、动词的时态与语态、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为英语语法填空基础题型，主要考查冠词、代词、动词形式、固定搭配等核心语法知识，考点均为中学阶段常见内容，需学生熟练掌握基础语法规则及常用固定短语，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7