体裁: 说明文 题材: 学校 词数: 192 难度: ★★ 建议用时: 8 分钟
[2025 原创] Remember, there are classroom rules to keep students safe and learning well. The following rules are helpful to students.
Arrive on time. Nobody likes saying the things again and again. If the students come late for class, we have to give the same lessons to them for a second time. So when the class begins, all the students should be in the classroom.
Put up your hand. It's a good thing when students have questions to ask or talk about. But the students should put up hands before asking questions. And they must wait quietly before the teacher asks them to speak.
Get ready for class. The students should take all the school things ready before class, such as pencils, notebooks, and the homework. Besides, they must keep themselves happy and healthy in class. So they can have a good class.
Let the students do their best. The students are different from each other. We can't expect them all to get 100% of the time to study. As for students, just listening carefully and finishing the homework in class are perfect. As for teachers, we must teach them patiently and carefully.
()1. What do the teachers have to do when the students come late for class?
A. Ask them to come again.
B. Come to the classroom again.
C. Tell them to go back home.
D. Give the same lessons again.
()2. What does the underlined word "they" in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A. Students.
B. Classes.
C. Notebooks.
D. Pencils.
()3. How should the teachers' work be in class?
A. Perfect and patient.
B. Perfect and careful.
C. Patient and careful.
D. Patient and happy.
()4. 篇章结构 What is the structure of this article? (P1 = Paragraph 1)

阅读理解·语篇导读 本文主要以老师的角度
介绍了课堂上的几条规则。
快速对答案 1—4 D A C D
1. D 细节理解题。根据"If the students come
late for class, we have to give the same lessons
to them for a second time."可知,当有学生上
课迟到时,老师不得不重复一遍课程。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的
keep themselves happy and healthy 及上文可
知,代词 they 指代上句中的 students。
3. C 细节理解题。根据"As for teachers, we
must teach them patiently and carefully."可知,
老师在课堂上授课应该是有耐心并且认
真的。
4. D 推理判断题。本文第一段点明课堂规则
对学生有益,下面分四段介绍四条课堂规则,
所以本文为总分结构。

【分析】
这是一篇介绍课堂规则的说明文阅读理解，解题思路可以按题型逐一梳理：
1. 细节类题目：先划出题干的关键词，直接回原文定位对应语句，将选项和原文表述逐一比对就能选出正确答案；
2. 代词指代题：结合代词所在句的逻辑含义，就近往前文寻找指代对象，判断哪个主体符合句子描述的行为特征；
3. 篇章结构题：先概括每一段的核心内容，梳理段落之间的逻辑关系，判断整体行文结构，再匹配对应的结构示意图。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段"If the students come late for class, we have to give the same lessons to them for a second time."，明确学生迟到时老师需要重复讲授相同的课程，排除A、B、C不符合原文的选项，选D。
2. 第2题：划线词所在句的含义是“他们必须在课堂上保持自身开心健康”，结合前文第四段的主语"The students should take all the school things ready before class"，只有学生符合“保持自身开心健康”的逻辑，因此they指代学生，选A。
3. 第3题：定位原文最后一段"As for teachers, we must teach them patiently and carefully."，可知老师的课堂工作需要耐心且细致认真，对应选项C，其余选项不符合原文表述，选C。
4. 第4题：梳理全文段落逻辑：P1是总起段，点明本文要介绍对学生有益的课堂规则；P2到P5是四个独立的并列段落，分别介绍四条不同的课堂规则，属于典型的总分结构，对应示意图D，选D。
【答案】
1—4 D A C D
【知识点】
细节理解，代词指代，篇章结构
【点评】
本题主题贴近学生日常校园生活，整体难度偏低，覆盖了初中阅读理解最核心的三类常规考点，既考察学生定位原文查找细节的基础能力，也通过篇章结构题引导学生跳出单句阅读，建立整体把控语篇逻辑的意识。
【难度系数】
0.7

体裁: 说明文 题材: 自然 词数: 168 难度: ★★★ 建议用时: 7 分钟
[2025 河南驻马店期中] Animals live in different places, and there are some rules in their world.
In the forest, big and strong animals like wolves can't walk into the territory (进入领地) of other strong animals. This is a kind of rule in the forest. If they break it, it can be dangerous for the wolves.
In the sea, sharks and whales are big animals and they eat smaller fish. But they also have to follow the rule of the ocean environment (海洋环境). For example, they can't look for food in one place for a long time, or there won't be enough food in the future.
At the zoo, we also have rules to protect (保护) the animals. We mustn't feed the animals with our food, because our food may be bad for their health.
People also have a very important rule to follow. We need to protect forests and oceans. They are the homes of these animals. If we break these rules, the animals will be in danger.
5. What's the rule in the forest?

6. Why can't sharks and whales look for food in one place for a long time?

7. How should we protect the animals at the zoo?

8. Where are animals' homes?

9. How many rules are there in the passage?

阅读问答·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了动物世
界中不同环境下的规则。
5. Big and strong animals like wolves can't
walk into the territory of other strong
animals. 根据"In the forest, big and strong
animals like wolves can't walk into the territory
of other strong animals."可知,在森林中,像狼
这样强大凶猛的动物不能进入其他凶猛动物
的领地。
知识拓展
enough 作形
容词,意为"足够的;充分的",修饰
名词时,常放
在被修饰词之
前,有时也可放
在被修饰词之
后。
知识拓展
(1) teach sb sth 教某人
某事
Mr Wang teaches
us English this
year. 今年王
老师教我们英语。
(2) teach sb to
do sth 教某人
做某事
Can you teach
me to skate on
the real ice?
你能教我在真
正的冰上滑冰
吗?
批注式详答与评价
6. Because there won't be enough food in
the future (if they do so). 根据"... they
can't look for food in one place for a long time,
or there won't be enough food in the future."可
知,鲨鱼和鲸鱼若长时间在一个地方觅食,会
导致食物不足。
7. We mustn't feed them with our food.
根据"We mustn't feed the animals with our
food, because our food may be bad for their
health."可知,不要用人类的食物投喂动物。
8. Forests and oceans. 根据"We need to
protect forests and oceans. They are the homes
of these animals."可知,森林和海洋是动物的
家园。
9. Four. 通读全文可知,文中分别提到在森
林、海洋、动物园以及人类需遵守的规则,共
计四条。

【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的细节型阅读问答题，所有题目答案都可以直接从原文中定位获取，不需要额外复杂推理。解题时先抓住每道题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回到对应段落查找匹配内容即可：比如第5题抓关键词"rule in the forest"定位到第二段，第6题抓关键词"sharks and whales、look for food in one place for a long time"定位到第三段，逐题对应原文信息就能顺利得出答案。
【解析】
5. 定位到原文第二段内容"In the forest, big and strong animals like wolves can't walk into the territory of other strong animals. This is a kind of rule in the forest"，直接提取对应的森林规则内容即可。
6. 定位到原文第三段内容"they can't look for food in one place for a long time, or there won't be enough food in the future"，可知长时间在同一处觅食会导致后续没有足够的食物，这就是对应的原因。
7. 定位到原文第四段内容"At the zoo, we also have rules to protect the animals. We mustn't feed the animals with our food, because our food may be bad for their health"，提取对应的动物园保护动物的要求即可。
8. 定位到原文最后一段内容"We need to protect forests and oceans. They are the homes of these animals"，直接提取动物家园的对应内容。
9. 通读全文梳理所有规则：分别是森林动物的领地规则、海洋动物的觅食规则、动物园保护动物的投喂规则、人类需要保护森林海洋的规则，总计4条。
【答案】
5. Big and strong animals like wolves can't walk into the territory of other strong animals.
6. Because there won't be enough food in the future (if they do so).
7. We mustn't feed the animals with our food.
8. Forests and oceans.
9. Four.
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，说明文信息提取
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的阅读问答题型，所有答案都能直接从原文找到对应依据，不需要复杂的推理归纳，核心考察学生快速定位语篇关键信息的能力，适合刚接触说明文阅读练习的学生巩固基础，只要耐心回到原文匹配题干关键词基本都能答对。
【难度系数】
0.8