一、根据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文解释，填入所缺单词，每空一词
1. Our after-school activities （包括）swimming, volleyball and tennis.
2. The government should （防止，阻止）school bus accidents from happening.
3. Humans shouldn't kill wild animals. The government should （行动）to stop it.
4. Our school hall is big enough to h more than 1,000 students.
5. She looked at herself in the mirror and s found that she had some white hair.
6. The Shenzhou-19 manned spaceship （come back）to the earth safely in April 2025.
7. It's important to drink （much）of water every day to stay healthy.
8. We （keep sth for future use）winter clothes in boxes during summer.
9. （大约）15 people were hurt in this traffic accident.
10. W are home to about 40% of the world's plants and animals.

1. include
2. prevent
3. act
4. hold
5. sadly
6. returned
7. plenty
8. store
9. Around
10. Wetlands

【分析】本题为根据句意及提示填单词的题型，需先分析每个句子的语法结构确定空格处的词性，再结合中文提示、首字母或英文释义，同时考虑时态、词性变化等，填写符合语境的正确单词，每空仅填一词。
【解析】1. 主语our after-school activities为复数，句子为一般现在时，中文“包括”对应动词原形include；2. 情态动词should后接动词原形，“防止”对应prevent，构成固定搭配prevent...from doing；3. should后接动词原形，“行动”对应act，act to do sth表示采取行动做某事；4. 首字母为h，结合语境“大厅足够大，能容纳1000多名学生”，hold有“容纳”之意，不定式符号to后接原形hold；5. 首字母为s，修饰动词found需用副词，结合语境“看镜子发现白发”，sadly（难过地）符合；6. 英文释义为come back，时间状语in April 2025表过去，故用过去式returned；7. 固定搭配plenty of表示“大量的”，对应“much”相关含义，填plenty；8. 英文释义keep sth for future use意为“储存”，主语we为复数，一般现在时用动词原形store；9. 中文“大约”对应Around，句首首字母大写；10. 首字母为W，结合“是世界40%动植物的家园”，湿地Wetlands（复数，对应are）符合。
【答案】1. include 2. prevent 3. act 4. hold 5. sadly 6. returned 7. plenty 8. store 9. Around 10. Wetlands
【知识点】英语词汇运用、动词时态、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查初中英语核心词汇的运用，涵盖动词、副词、名词等词性，以及固定搭配、时态等知识点，难度适中，是基础题型，能有效检测学生的词汇掌握情况。
【难度系数】0.6

1. People call forests the of the earth because they can trap pollution in their leaves and help clean the air, while wetlands are like the of the earth because they can store water.

A.lungs; kidneys
B.kidneys; lungs
C.lungs; hearts
D.kidney; hearts

1.A

【分析】
首先通读题干，明确两个空分别对应森林和湿地的功能比喻。第一个空对应森林净化空气的功能，需匹配有净化作用的人体器官；第二个空对应湿地储存水的功能，需匹配有水分调节储存作用的人体器官，再结合选项词汇含义判断。
【解析】
题干含义：人们称森林为地球的______，因为它们的叶子能困住污染物帮助净化空气；而湿地像地球的______，因为它们能储存水。
词汇分析：lungs意为“肺”，肺是人体进行气体交换、净化空气的器官，对应森林净化空气的功能；kidneys意为“肾”，肾具有调节体内水分、储存代谢相关物质的功能，对应湿地储存水的功能。
选项判断：A选项“lungs; kidneys”符合功能对应关系；B选项颠倒了两者的对应器官；C、D选项的hearts（心脏）不符合功能匹配，因此选A。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
名词词义辨析；常用比喻表达
【点评】
本题结合自然常识考查英语名词的词义，属于基础词汇题，只要掌握常见的自然与人体器官的对应比喻即可轻松作答。
【难度系数】
0.3

2. of the work too hard for me, so I can't finish it without any help.

A.Sixty per cent; is
B.Sixty per cents; are
C.Sixty per cents; is
D.Sixty per fcent; are

2.A

【分析】
本题考查英语中百分比的表达及主谓一致的用法。首先需明确percent的正确形式，再根据“百分数+of+名词”作主语时的主谓一致规则判断谓语动词形式，进而选出正确选项。
【解析】
1. 百分比的正确表达：percent表示“百分之……”时无复数形式，可直接排除B、C选项（二者使用了per cents的错误形式）；D选项中per fcent为拼写错误，排除。
2. 主谓一致规则：“百分数+of+不可数名词work”作主语时，谓语动词需与不可数名词保持一致，用单数形式is，因此选A。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
百分比的用法；主谓一致
【点评】
本题为基础语法题，考查核心知识点明确，需掌握percent的单复数用法及“分数/百分数+of+名词”的主谓一致规则，属于易得分题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

3. We will do everything we can people know the importance of the wetlands.

A.make; protect
B.to make; protect
C.make; protecting
D.to make; protecting

3.D

【分析】首先分析句子结构：“we can”是省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything，此处需表达“做所有能做的事”的目的，因此第一个空要用不定式作目的状语；其次，“the importance of...”中of是介词，介词后需接动词的动名词形式，因此第二个空用protect的动名词形式，结合选项即可得出答案。
【解析】1. 句子结构分析：主句为We will do everything，定语从句we can修饰everything，表目的需用不定式to make，故第一个空填to make；2. 固定搭配：of是介词，后接动词的动名词形式，protect的动名词是protecting，故第二个空填protecting；综上，答案为D。
【答案】D
【知识点】不定式作目的状语、介词后接动名词
【点评】本题考查非谓语动词的基础用法，需掌握不定式表目的和介词后接动名词的规则，属于英语语法核心考点，需准确分析句子结构与搭配。
【难度系数】0.5

4. China has become an aging society and people aged over 65 more than 14% of the total population.

A.put up
B.make up
C.get up
D.stay up

4.B

【分析】首先理解句子语境：中国已进入老龄化社会，65岁以上人口占总人口的14%以上。接着辨析四个选项的动词短语含义，结合句意选择合适的短语。
【解析】先明确各选项短语意思：A.put up意为“张贴；搭建”；B.make up意为“组成；构成”；C.get up意为“起床”；D.stay up意为“熬夜”。根据句意，此处需表达“构成（人口比例）”的含义，因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】动词短语辨析；词义辨析
【点评】本题考查基础动词短语的词义辨析，需结合语境判断短语含义，属于英语基础考点，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5

5. Some animals are in danger of dying out. , we must take action to protect them.

A.Therefore
B.Moreover
C.Because
D.However

5.A

【分析】首先明确句子的逻辑关系：前句“有些动物濒临灭绝”是原因，后句“我们必须采取行动保护它们”是结果，需选择表结果的连词。再逐个分析选项：A选项Therefore意为“因此”，表结果；B选项Moreover意为“而且”，表递进；C选项Because意为“因为”，后接原因，不符合此处结果语境；D选项However意为“然而”，表转折，不符合逻辑。因此需选表结果的连词。
【解析】根据句子逻辑，前句陈述动物濒危的现状，后句提出应对措施，二者为因果关系，需选用表结果的连词。A项Therefore（因此）符合因果逻辑；B项Moreover（此外）表递进，不符合；C项Because（因为）引导原因，此处后句是结果，排除；D项However（然而）表转折，不符合语境。故正确答案为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】连词辨析、逻辑语义
【点评】本题考查英语连词的逻辑语义辨析，属于基础题型，准确把握句子间的逻辑关系即可解答。
【难度系数】0.5

6. We should do something to the global warming. For example, turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.

A.prevent
B.protect
C.predict
D.produce

6.A

【分析】
首先通读句子理解句意：我们应该采取措施来______全球变暖，后文举例“离开教室关灯”是减少能源消耗，目的是阻止全球变暖。接着分析各选项动词含义，结合语境筛选符合要求的选项。
【解析】
句子含义为“我们应该做些事情来______全球变暖。例如，当你离开教室时关灯。”逐一分析选项：A. prevent意为“阻止、预防”，符合“采取措施应对全球变暖”的语境；B. protect意为“保护”，通常搭配人或具体事物，不符合此处语境；C. predict意为“预测”，与“采取措施”的目的不符；D. produce意为“生产”，语义不通。因此正确答案为A。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
动词词义辨析；语境运用
【点评】
本题考查基础动词的词义辨析，需结合句子语境判断动词的恰当用法，属于英语基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

三、阅读理解
Seagrass, an underwater plant that grows on the ocean floor, is very important for sea life. It also helps prevent global warming by storing carbon. However, scientists don't know exactly how much seagrass there is at the bottom of the ocean. With the help of tiger sharks, a team of researchers has discovered the world's largest seagrass meadow(草地) on the seafloor near the Bahamas.
Seagrass meadows are home to many different kinds of fishes, shellfishes and so on. Large sea animals also spend a lot of time there looking for food. Seagrass can grow in very deep and dark water, making it difficult to find. But sharks can dive deep into the water and get to the areas people cannot reach.
After noticing tiger sharks swimming through seagrass off the Bahamas, an American scientist worked with a seagrass expert, trying to map the locations of the plants. The researchers fitted seven tiger sharks with cameras. Since tiger sharks swim in groups, they placed satellite tracking tags(卫星跟踪器) on eight other sharks to find out exactly where the animals swam. They collected hours of video of the tiger sharks swimming through seagrass.
The researchers found more seagrass growing near the Bahamas than they expected—in fact, they believe that there is more seagrass there than anywhere else on earth. The new finding increased the total amount of seagrass known to exist. However, more research is needed to discover the true size of the seagrass meadow.
Scientists often depend on findings from divers and boats to study about the underwater world, but this team found that working with animals improved their understanding. They are now placing cameras on sea turtles to study seagrass in the Red Sea. Hopefully, more mysteries about seagrass will be solved.
1. What are the scientists studying according to the passage?
A. Sharks.
B. The Bahamas.
C. Seagrass.
D. The Red Sea.
2. Which underlined word has the same meaning as the underlined word “map” in Paragraph 3?
A. Is there a map of China in the classroom?
B. Amy mapped out her plans on the new project.
C. It is the West Lake that really puts Hangzhou on the map.
D. The police have successfully mapped where the missing boy is.
3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The reason for the study.
B. The method of doing the research.
C. The finding of the research.
D. The difficulty in carrying out the study.
4. Why does the writer write the passage?
A. To tell the importance of saving seagrass.
B. To express the strong love for tiger sharks.
C. To share a new way of doing undersea research.
D. To introduce a special project on global warming.

1.C
2.D
3.C
4.C

【分析】
这是一篇英语阅读理解题，共4道选择题，分别考查细节理解、词义猜测、段落主旨和作者写作意图。解题时需通读全文，定位每道题的关键信息：第1题明确科学家的研究对象，第2题分析划线词的含义，第3题概括第四段核心内容，第4题把握作者写作目的。
【解析】
1. 第1题：通读全文，文章核心围绕“海草（seagrass）”的研究展开，科学家借助虎鲨发现了世界最大的海草床，因此科学家的研究对象是海草，对应选项C。
2. 第2题：原文中“map”为动词，意为“绘制…的地图；定位”。A项中“map”为名词（地图）；B项“mapped out”意为“制定（计划）”；C项“put...on the map”意为“使…出名”；D项“mapped”为动词，意为“定位”，与原文中“map”的含义一致，故选D。
3. 第3题：第四段主要讲述研究者发现巴哈马附近的海草数量远超预期，是全球最大的，属于该研究的核心发现，对应选项C。
4. 第4题：文章介绍了科学家借助虎鲨（海洋动物）进行海底海草研究的新方式，打破了以往依赖潜水员和船只的研究方法，因此作者的写作目的是分享这种新的海底研究方法，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题选材贴近科学研究，考查学生对文章细节、词汇含义、段落主旨及作者写作意图的理解能力，整体难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.5