Passage 8
Henry is an American businessman. One day, when he (1) (travel) on a
boat near San Francisco, he was carried out into the open sea by a strong wind.
(2) (luck), he was picked up by a London-bound(开往伦敦的) ship, so he
landed in London (3) accident. Alone and hungry, he walked on the streets
of the city. He was worried about where to go because he was a stranger in the city of London.
Unexpectedly, he (4) (greet) kindly with "Good morning!" in front of a big
house. He was surprised and wondered what happened. It turned out that two rich brothers, Oliver
and Roderick, made a bet and handed him a letter. They told him not to open it until two o'clock
of the day.
Henry didn't know that inside the letter was a million-pound (百万英镑) banknote
(5) few people could own. He kept the promise and didn't open it. He left the
big house and went into a cheap restaurant to get something to eat. Everyone was
(6) (patient) to him as he was in rags(破衣烂衫的) and looked dirty. People
laughed at his clothes, (7) (include) his old shirt. When he was ordered
(8) (pay) the bill, he had no choice but to open the letter. Then, to
everyone's surprise, it was a million-pound banknote. He handed the owner of the restaurant
(9) banknote. On seeing the note, all the people in the restaurant became
(10) (friend) and tried their best to please Henry. Don't you think it's the
most unbelievable story in the world?

1. was travelling 2. Luckily 3. by 4. was greeted 5. that/which 6. impatient 7. including
8. to pay 9. the 10. friendly

【分析】
这是一篇以《百万英镑》经典故事为背景的语篇语法填空题，全文叙述过去发生的事件，核心时态为一般过去时。解题时首先通读全文理清故事脉络，再逐个空格结合句子结构、语义逻辑、语法规则推导答案：先判断空格所需的词性，再结合时态语态要求、词形变换规则、从句引导词用法、固定搭配等完成变形，同时要结合上下文的提示信息判断语义，比如根据亨利衣衫褴褛的细节就能反推餐馆人员最初对他的态度，避免惯性思维出错。
【解析】
1. 此处为when引导的时间状语从句，描述故事发生时亨利正在船上行进的过去进行动作，主语he是第三人称单数，因此用过去进行时was travelling。
2. 此处修饰整个后续句子，需要用副词作评注性状语，luck的副词形式为Luckily，位于句首首字母大写。
3. 此处是固定搭配by accident，意为“偶然地”，因此填介词by。
4. 主语he和动词greet是被动关系，指他被人友好问候，事件发生在过去，主语为第三人称单数，因此用一般过去时的被动语态was greeted。
5. 此处是定语从句，先行词是a million-pound banknote指代物，引导词在从句中作宾语，因此可填that或者which。
6. 根据后文“他衣衫褴褛、看起来很脏”的提示，可知餐馆的人对他没有耐心，patient的反义形容词为impatient，意为“不耐烦的”。
7. 此处作伴随状语，表达“包括他的旧衬衫”的含义，需要用介词including。
8. 此处是固定搭配order sb. to do sth.的被动结构be ordered to do sth.，意为“被要求做某事”，因此填to pay。
9. 此处特指前文已经提到过的那张百万英镑钞票，属于特指，因此填定冠词the。
10. 系动词become后面需要接形容词作表语，friend的形容词形式是friendly，意为“友好的”。
【答案】
1. was travelling 2. Luckily 3. by 4. was greeted 5. that/which 6. impatient 7. including 8. to pay 9. the 10. friendly
【知识点】
动词时态语态，词形转换，固定搭配
【点评】
本题选取经典文学片段作为语篇载体，考点覆盖初中英语核心语法点，既考查学生对基础语法规则的掌握熟练度，也要求学生结合上下文语义逻辑判断词形的否定变形，避免脱离语境的惯性错误，能够有效检验学生的语篇语法应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.7

Passage 9
Are you bored with your daily life? Here are some things worth trying before 30—they might
be harder to do later.
Learn to swim
Seriously, it is so important that all under-30s (1) (expect) to learn. If
you can't swim, you won't be able to do water sports like water-skiing, surfing, or diving
(2) require strong swimming skills. Even going by boat could be dangerous
for you. By the way, for your (3) (safe), you can't swim in the water as a
beginner (4) ______ you have a coach with you.
Try at least one kind of team sport
Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can't just think of yourself, but
have to work (5) (close) with other people. As you don't want to become
overweight, playing team sports keeps you (6) good shape and is great fun.
Teams usually have a good social life too—you'll make many friends.
Collect something
One of the best (7) (hobby) for under-30s is collecting things. You
could collect all kinds of things that make you remember what you have done, like cinema tickets
for movies you (8) (see). The best way to collect is to have a special album
(影集) to put your collection in and to write (9) the things mean to you. In
that way you (10) (not forget) them for the rest of your life.

1. are expected 2. that/which 3. safety 4. unless 5. closely 6. in 7. hobbies 8. have seen
9. what 10. won't forget

【分析】
这是一篇典型的英语短文语法填空题，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍30岁前值得尝试的几件事，把握全文整体的一般现在时为主的时态基调。之后逐空结合上下文语义逻辑、语法规则、固定搭配逐一推导：先判断空格所需的词性，再结合语态、从句属性、特殊结构要求变形，最后代入全文通读验证语句通顺、逻辑合理即可得到答案。
【解析】
1. 空1：主语all under-30s和动词expect是被动关系，表达“30岁以下的人都被期待学游泳”，全文为一般现在时，主语是复数，因此用一般现在时被动语态are expected。
2. 空2：先行词是指物的water sports，定语从句缺少主语，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
3. 空3：形容词性物主代词your后需要接名词，形容词safe对应的名词形式是safety，表达“为了你的安全”。
4. 空4：结合上下文逻辑，句意为“初学者不能下水游泳，除非有教练陪同”，表“除非”的条件连词填unless。
5. 空5：空格修饰动词work，需要用副词，形容词close的副词形式是closely，表达“和他人密切协作”。
6. 空6：固定搭配in good shape意为“状态良好、身材保持得好”，因此填介词in。
7. 空7：固定结构one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，意为“最…的…之一”，因此hobby要变为复数hobbies。
8. 空8：句中指“你已经看过的电影的电影票”，强调到目前为止完成的动作，用现在完成时，主语是you，因此填have seen。
9. 空9：write后接宾语从句，从句中谓语mean缺少宾语，指代事物的具体含义，用连接代词what引导宾语从句。
10. 空10：句中时间状语指代未来的余生，用一般将来时的否定形式，填won't forget。
【答案】
1. are expected 2. that/which 3. safety 4. unless 5. closely 6. in 7. hobbies 8. have seen 9. what 10. won't forget
【知识点】
词形转换，从句引导词，固定搭配
【点评】
本题考点覆盖全面，既考察基础的词形变形、固定短语识记，也考察时态语态判断、各类从句引导词辨析，需要学生结合语义逻辑和基础语法综合推导，能够有效检验学生的初中英语语法基础掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.7