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八、 ★★★ 跨学科+科学与艺术 扬州二模 阅读理解
主题:人与社会——艺术欣赏与创作技法 学科素养:文化意识 词数:约300 建议用时:8分钟
Beer and eggs are commonly seen in the kitchen. However, scientists recently found that they were used in historic paintings, too.
To preserve (保存) Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what ancient paint was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork.
According to their paper published in Science Advances, grains (谷物) and yeast (酵母) were found on the base of the paintings. Beer was the most common drink in the 19th century in Denmark, and its by-products were spent grains and yeast.
The study showed that they were used to provide a stable painting surface. Researchers also pointed out that the beer by-product was used as a “glue” because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry more quickly.
Apart from beer, the egg has long been found in oil-based paints used by artists in the 15th century, like Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks.
The researchers recreated the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the yolk’s proteins helped slow the oxidation (氧化) of the paint. It could also reduce wrinkles (褶皱) as the egg makes the paint smoother.
However, the oil paint with the added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists—they were willing to agree to have their work preserved for longer.
“The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can appreciate (欣赏) what they’re doing”, Ken Sutherland, an expert at the Art Institute of Chicago, told Science News. Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks.
（
A. Beer by-products helped the colors stick better.
B. Beer by-products kept the paintings clean.
C. Beer by-products made the paintings more colorful.
D. Beer by-products gave the painting a different feel.
（
A. Kept. B. Shared. C. Discovered. D. Explored.
（
A. The paint could age faster. B. The paint could dry more quickly.
C. The paint’s colors could be nicer. D. The paint could be smoother.
（
A. it’s easy to appreciate artworks in the right methods
B. it’s important to understand the minds of artists
C. it’s hard to research early artworks
D. it’s necessary to help people understand artworks
主题:人与社会——艺术欣赏与创作技法 学科素养:文化意识 词数:约300 建议用时:8分钟
Beer and eggs are commonly seen in the kitchen. However, scientists recently found that they were used in historic paintings, too.
To preserve (保存) Danish paintings, a group of researchers studied what ancient paint was made of. They did experiments on small pieces of paintings that had already been cut off from the original artwork.
According to their paper published in Science Advances, grains (谷物) and yeast (酵母) were found on the base of the paintings. Beer was the most common drink in the 19th century in Denmark, and its by-products were spent grains and yeast.
The study showed that they were used to provide a stable painting surface. Researchers also pointed out that the beer by-product was used as a “glue” because it had a lot of sugar. With beer added, the paint can also dry more quickly.
Apart from beer, the egg has long been found in oil-based paints used by artists in the 15th century, like Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. A recent study published in Nature Communications may have “cracked” the secret of how eggs can help preserve artworks.
The researchers recreated the ancient paint by adding egg yolks (蛋黄) to oil paint. They then looked into how it changed over time. The findings showed that the yolk’s proteins helped slow the oxidation (氧化) of the paint. It could also reduce wrinkles (褶皱) as the egg makes the paint smoother.
However, the oil paint with the added egg usually takes longer to dry. It seemed fine for artists—they were willing to agree to have their work preserved for longer.
“The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can appreciate (欣赏) what they’re doing”, Ken Sutherland, an expert at the Art Institute of Chicago, told Science News. Sutherland added that research like this could help people have a deeper understanding of the artworks.
（
A
）1. Why was beer used in historic Danish paintings?A. Beer by-products helped the colors stick better.
B. Beer by-products kept the paintings clean.
C. Beer by-products made the paintings more colorful.
D. Beer by-products gave the painting a different feel.
（
C
）2. What does the underlined word “cracked” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Kept. B. Shared. C. Discovered. D. Explored.
（
D
）3. How could egg yolk proteins change the paint?A. The paint could age faster. B. The paint could dry more quickly.
C. The paint’s colors could be nicer. D. The paint could be smoother.
（
B
）4. From Sutherland’s words, we can know that A. it’s easy to appreciate artworks in the right methods
B. it’s important to understand the minds of artists
C. it’s hard to research early artworks
D. it’s necessary to help people understand artworks
答案
答案速查 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了科学家通过研究发现，在厨房里很常见的啤酒和鸡蛋被以前的艺术家添加在绘画颜料中，用于保护画作。
1. A【点拨】推理判断题。根据“Researchers also pointed out that the beer by-product was used as a ‘glue’ because it had a lot of sugar.”可知，啤酒副产物让颜色粘得更牢。
2. C【点拨】词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可知，早在15世纪的艺术家使用的油基颜料中就发现了鸡蛋，也就是说已经“发现”了鸡蛋如何帮助保护艺术品的秘密；画线单词与“discovered”意思相近。
3. D【点拨】细节理解题。根据“It could also reduce wrinkles（褶皱）as the egg makes the paint smoother.”可知，蛋黄中的蛋白质可以减少褶皱，因为鸡蛋使颜料更光滑
4. B【点拨】推理判断题。根据“The more we... they’re doing”可知，了解艺术家的想法是很重要的，这样我们才能更好地理解他们的作品。
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了科学家通过研究发现，在厨房里很常见的啤酒和鸡蛋被以前的艺术家添加在绘画颜料中，用于保护画作。
1. A【点拨】推理判断题。根据“Researchers also pointed out that the beer by-product was used as a ‘glue’ because it had a lot of sugar.”可知，啤酒副产物让颜色粘得更牢。
2. C【点拨】词义猜测题。根据第五段内容可知，早在15世纪的艺术家使用的油基颜料中就发现了鸡蛋，也就是说已经“发现”了鸡蛋如何帮助保护艺术品的秘密；画线单词与“discovered”意思相近。
3. D【点拨】细节理解题。根据“It could also reduce wrinkles（褶皱）as the egg makes the paint smoother.”可知，蛋黄中的蛋白质可以减少褶皱，因为鸡蛋使颜料更光滑
4. B【点拨】推理判断题。根据“The more we... they’re doing”可知，了解艺术家的想法是很重要的，这样我们才能更好地理解他们的作品。
解析
【分析】
本文是结合科学与艺术的跨学科阅读理解题，围绕厨房常见的啤酒、鸡蛋在古画颜料中的作用展开，考查学生的细节查找、词义猜测和推理判断能力。解题思路：1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位文中关于啤酒用于丹麦画作的描述，明确啤酒副产物的作用；2. 第2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推断画线词含义；3. 第3题是细节理解题，定位蛋黄蛋白对颜料的影响；4. 第4题是推理判断题，根据专家的表述推断其核心观点。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据文中“Researchers also pointed out that the beer by-product was used as a ‘glue’ because it had a lot of sugar.”可知，啤酒副产物起到胶水的作用，能让颜料颜色粘得更牢，对应选项A。
2. 词义猜测题：前文提到鸡蛋在15世纪就被用于油基颜料，最近的研究“cracked”了鸡蛋帮助保护艺术品的秘密，结合语境，此处“cracked”意为“发现”，对应选项C。
3. 细节理解题：根据文中“It could also reduce wrinkles（褶皱）as the egg makes the paint smoother.”可知，蛋黄中的蛋白质能让颜料更光滑，对应选项D。
4. 推理判断题：根据专家Sutherland的话“The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can appreciate what they’re doing”，可知了解艺术家的创作选择（即想法）对欣赏作品很重要，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文为跨学科阅读材料，结合科学研究与艺术创作，考查学生的英语阅读能力，同时帮助学生了解艺术背后的科学原理，提升文化意识素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
本文是结合科学与艺术的跨学科阅读理解题，围绕厨房常见的啤酒、鸡蛋在古画颜料中的作用展开，考查学生的细节查找、词义猜测和推理判断能力。解题思路：1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位文中关于啤酒用于丹麦画作的描述，明确啤酒副产物的作用；2. 第2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推断画线词含义；3. 第3题是细节理解题，定位蛋黄蛋白对颜料的影响；4. 第4题是推理判断题，根据专家的表述推断其核心观点。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据文中“Researchers also pointed out that the beer by-product was used as a ‘glue’ because it had a lot of sugar.”可知，啤酒副产物起到胶水的作用，能让颜料颜色粘得更牢，对应选项A。
2. 词义猜测题：前文提到鸡蛋在15世纪就被用于油基颜料，最近的研究“cracked”了鸡蛋帮助保护艺术品的秘密，结合语境，此处“cracked”意为“发现”，对应选项C。
3. 细节理解题：根据文中“It could also reduce wrinkles（褶皱）as the egg makes the paint smoother.”可知，蛋黄中的蛋白质能让颜料更光滑，对应选项D。
4. 推理判断题：根据专家Sutherland的话“The more we understand how artists choose and use their materials, the more we can appreciate what they’re doing”，可知了解艺术家的创作选择（即想法）对欣赏作品很重要，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文为跨学科阅读材料，结合科学研究与艺术创作，考查学生的英语阅读能力，同时帮助学生了解艺术背后的科学原理，提升文化意识素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
