1. 下列各式计算正确的是(
A.$\sqrt{24} ÷ \sqrt{6} = 4$
B.$\sqrt{54} ÷ \sqrt{9} = \sqrt{6}$
C.$\sqrt{30} ÷ \sqrt{6} = 5$
D.$\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{7}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{49}} = 7\sqrt{2}$
B
)A.$\sqrt{24} ÷ \sqrt{6} = 4$
B.$\sqrt{54} ÷ \sqrt{9} = \sqrt{6}$
C.$\sqrt{30} ÷ \sqrt{6} = 5$
D.$\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{7}} ÷ \sqrt{\dfrac{1}{49}} = 7\sqrt{2}$
答案
1.B
2. 计算$\sqrt{12} ÷ □ = \sqrt{2}$,则$□$中的数为 (
A.$\sqrt{3}$
B.$\sqrt{6}$
C.3
D.6
B
)A.$\sqrt{3}$
B.$\sqrt{6}$
C.3
D.6
答案
2.B
3.若面积为6的菱形的一条对角线长为$2\sqrt{2}$,则另一条对角线长为(
A.$2\sqrt{2}$
B.$3\sqrt{3}$
C.$3\sqrt{2}$
D.$2\sqrt{3}$
C
)A.$2\sqrt{2}$
B.$3\sqrt{3}$
C.$3\sqrt{2}$
D.$2\sqrt{3}$
答案
3.C 【点拨】根据菱形的面积等于对角线乘积的一半得,另一条对角线的长为$\frac{2×6}{2\sqrt{2}}=3\sqrt{2}$.故选C.
4. 新趋势 学科内综合 已知不等式 $2\sqrt{2}x - \sqrt{6} > 0$,则这个不等式的解集为
$x>\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$
。答案
$x>\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$
5. 计算:
(1)$-\sqrt{27} ÷ ( \dfrac{3}{10}\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{8}} );$
(2)$\sqrt{1\dfrac{2}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{2\dfrac{1}{3}} × \sqrt{1\dfrac{2}{5}} × \dfrac{3}{5}\sqrt{6}.$
(1)$-\sqrt{27} ÷ ( \dfrac{3}{10}\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{8}} );$
(2)$\sqrt{1\dfrac{2}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{2\dfrac{1}{3}} × \sqrt{1\dfrac{2}{5}} × \dfrac{3}{5}\sqrt{6}.$
答案
5.【解】(1)$-\sqrt{27} ÷ ( \dfrac{3}{10}\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{8}} ) = -3\sqrt{3} ÷ \dfrac{3\sqrt{6}}{40} = -3\sqrt{3} × \dfrac{40}{3\sqrt{6}} = -20\sqrt{2}.$
(2)$\sqrt{1\dfrac{2}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{2\dfrac{1}{3}} × \sqrt{1\dfrac{2}{5}} × \dfrac{3}{5}\sqrt{6} = \dfrac{3}{5}\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3} ÷ \dfrac{7}{3} × \dfrac{7}{5} ×6} = \dfrac{3}{5}\sqrt{6}.$
(2)$\sqrt{1\dfrac{2}{3}} ÷ \sqrt{2\dfrac{1}{3}} × \sqrt{1\dfrac{2}{5}} × \dfrac{3}{5}\sqrt{6} = \dfrac{3}{5}\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{3} ÷ \dfrac{7}{3} × \dfrac{7}{5} ×6} = \dfrac{3}{5}\sqrt{6}.$
6. 母题教材P₉习题T₃(2) 若$\sqrt{\dfrac{1-a}{a^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{1-a}}{a}$,则a的取值范围是(
A.$a≤1$
B.$a>0$
C.$0<a≤1$
D.$a≤1$且$a≠0$
C
)A.$a≤1$
B.$a>0$
C.$0<a≤1$
D.$a≤1$且$a≠0$
答案
6.C
7. 下列从左到右的变形不一定正确的是 (
A.$\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}} = \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}$
B.$\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}$
C.$\sqrt{\frac{b}{a^2}} = \frac{\sqrt{b}}{|a|}$
D.$\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}} = \frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}}$
D
)A.$\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}} = \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}$
B.$\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}$
C.$\sqrt{\frac{b}{a^2}} = \frac{\sqrt{b}}{|a|}$
D.$\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}} = \frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}}$
答案
7.D 【点拨】A.$\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}} = \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}$成立,因为$\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}}$成立时,一定满足$a≥0,b>0$,所以A不符合题意;B.$\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}$成立,因为$\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}$有意义时,一定满足$a>0$,所以B不符合题意;C.$\sqrt{\frac{b}{a^2}} = \frac{\sqrt{b}}{|a|}$成立,因为$\sqrt{\frac{b}{a^2}}$有意义时,一定满足$b≥0$,$a≠0$,所以C不符合题意;D.$a≥0,b>0$时原式成立,否则不成立,如$\sqrt{\frac{-2}{-3}} ≠ \frac{\sqrt{-2}}{\sqrt{-3}}$,所以D符合题意,故选D.
8.已知$xy<0$,化简$x\sqrt{\dfrac{-y}{x^2}}=$
$\sqrt{-y}$
.答案
8.$\sqrt{-y}$ 【点拨】由 $x \sqrt{\frac{-y}{x^2}}$ 得 $y≤0.∵xy<0,∴y<0$,$x>0,∴x \sqrt{\frac{-y}{x^2}} =x \frac{\sqrt{-y}}{|x|}=x \frac{\sqrt{-y}}{x}=\sqrt{-y}.$
9. 二次根式$\sqrt{\frac{2}{7}}$,$\sqrt{18}$,$\sqrt{30}$,$\sqrt{x+2026}$,$\sqrt{5x^2}$,$\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$中,最简二次根式有(
A.1个
B.2个
C.3个
D.4个
C
)A.1个
B.2个
C.3个
D.4个
答案
9.C
10.若$\sqrt{3m-4}$是最简二次根式,且$m$为整数,则$m$的最小值为
2
。答案
10.2 【点拨】由题意得 $3m-4≥0$,解得 $m≥\frac{4}{3}.∵m$ 为整数,$∴m=2,3,4,…,$当 $m=2$ 时,$\sqrt{3m-4}=\sqrt{2}$,是最简二次根式,故 $m$ 的最小值是 2.
11. $-\dfrac{6\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{27}}$的化简结果是
$-\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}$
.答案
11.$-\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}$
12.[亳州期末]已知a与b互为倒数,若$a=\sqrt{5}-2$,则$b=$
$\sqrt{5}+2$
。答案
12.$\sqrt{5}+2$
13. 已知$\sqrt{5}=a$,$\sqrt{14}=b$,则$\sqrt{0.063}=$(
A.$\frac{ab}{10}$
B.$\frac{3ab}{10}$
C.$\frac{ab}{100}$
D.$\frac{3ab}{100}$
D
)A.$\frac{ab}{10}$
B.$\frac{3ab}{10}$
C.$\frac{ab}{100}$
D.$\frac{3ab}{100}$
答案
13.D 【点拨】$\sqrt{0.063}=\sqrt{\frac{630}{10000}}=\frac{\sqrt{9}×\sqrt{70}}{100}=\frac{3\sqrt{5}×\sqrt{14}}{100}$.$∵\sqrt{5}=a,\sqrt{14}=b,∴原式=\frac{3ab}{100}.$
14.已知c为正数,d为负数,化简$\frac{ab - c^2d^2}{\sqrt{ab} - \sqrt{c^2d^2}} =$
$\sqrt{ab}-cd$
答案
14.$\sqrt{ab}-cd$ 【点拨】$∵c$ 为正数,$d$ 为负数,$∴cd<0.$
$∴ 原式 = \frac{ab - c^2 d^2}{\sqrt{ab} + cd} = \frac{(ab - c^2 d^2)(\sqrt{ab} - cd)}{(\sqrt{ab} + cd)(\sqrt{ab} - cd)} = \frac{(ab - c^2 d^2)(\sqrt{ab} - cd)}{ab - c^2 d^2} = \sqrt{ab} - cd.$
$∴ 原式 = \frac{ab - c^2 d^2}{\sqrt{ab} + cd} = \frac{(ab - c^2 d^2)(\sqrt{ab} - cd)}{(\sqrt{ab} + cd)(\sqrt{ab} - cd)} = \frac{(ab - c^2 d^2)(\sqrt{ab} - cd)}{ab - c^2 d^2} = \sqrt{ab} - cd.$
15. 新趋势跨学科 已知一个长方体木块放在水平的桌面上,木块的长、宽、高分别是$\sqrt{a}$,$\sqrt{b}$,$\sqrt{c}$($a>b>c>0$),若木块对桌面的最大压强为$p_1$,最小压强为$p_2$,则$\frac{p_1}{p_2}$的值等于
$\dfrac{\sqrt{ac}}{c}$
。答案
15.$\dfrac{\sqrt{ac}}{c}$
16. 计算:$-6\sqrt{\dfrac{3m^2 - 3n^2}{2a^2}} ÷ \dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{m + n}{a^2}} · \sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{m - n}} · \sqrt{-a}.$
答案
16.【解】$∵- 6 \sqrt{\dfrac{3m^2 - 3n^2}{2a^2}} ÷ \dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{m + n}{a^2}} · \sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{m - n}} · \sqrt{-a}$ 有意义,$∴a<0.$
$∴- 6 \sqrt{\dfrac{3m^2 - 3n^2}{2a^2}} ÷ \dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{m + n}{a^2}} · \sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{m - n}} · \sqrt{-a} = -6\sqrt{\dfrac{3(m-n)}{2}} × \dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{m+n}} × \sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{m-n}} · \sqrt{-a} = -4\sqrt{\dfrac{3a^2}{2}} · \sqrt{-a} = -2\sqrt{6}|a| · \sqrt{-a} = 2\sqrt{6}a \sqrt{-a}.$
$∴- 6 \sqrt{\dfrac{3m^2 - 3n^2}{2a^2}} ÷ \dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{m + n}{a^2}} · \sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{m - n}} · \sqrt{-a} = -6\sqrt{\dfrac{3(m-n)}{2}} × \dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{m+n}} × \sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{m-n}} · \sqrt{-a} = -4\sqrt{\dfrac{3a^2}{2}} · \sqrt{-a} = -2\sqrt{6}|a| · \sqrt{-a} = 2\sqrt{6}a \sqrt{-a}.$
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