① 根据句意及首字母提示填写单词
1. [2025 广东江门调研]The ship's c made an important decision to change the course.
2. The elephant has h ears that look like big fans.
3. I saw a cat sitting o the door, waiting for its owner.
4. [2025 江苏南通调研]He saved his money for this m so he could buy the new bike.
5. [2025 陕西西安质检]I haven't seen my best friend for so l that I missed him a lot.

1. captain 2. huge 3. outside
4. moment 5. long

【分析】做这类根据首字母填单词的题目，需先通读句子理解句意，再结合给出的首字母，回忆符合语境的常用词汇，确保单词形式正确。具体到每小题：1. 结合“船的…做决定改航线”，首字母c对应“船长”；2. 结合“大象耳朵像大扇子”，首字母h对应“巨大的”；3. 结合“猫坐在门…等主人”，首字母o对应“在外面”；4. 结合“攒钱为了…买新自行车”，首字母m对应“时刻”；5. 结合“很久没见朋友”，首字母l对应“长的”。
【解析】1. 句意：船的船长做出改变航线的重要决定，首字母为c，故填captain；2. 句意：大象有像大扇子的巨大耳朵，首字母为h，故填huge；3. 句意：我看见猫坐在门外面等主人，首字母为o，故填outside；4. 句意：他攒钱为了这个时刻能买新自行车，首字母为m，故填moment；5. 句意：我很久没见最好的朋友，非常想念他，首字母为l，故填long。
【答案】1. captain 2. huge 3. outside 4. moment 5. long
【知识点】英语词汇运用、首字母填空解题
【点评】本题是基础的首字母填空题，考查学生对常用核心词汇的掌握及语境理解能力，题型常规，难度较低，有助于巩固词汇的实际运用。
【难度系数】0.7

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
6. The bus (final) arrived at the stop, and we could all get on.
7. The little boy behaved (unusual) well at the party, not making any noise.
8. I (be) to Beijing twice. It's a beautiful city with a long history.
9. [2025 广东茂名调研] My mother (buy) a beautiful dress for me as a birthday gift yesterday.
10. [2025 江苏南京调研·改编] It rained heavily yesterday, so I (stay) at home and watched TV.

6. finally 句意为:公共汽车最终到达了车站，我们都能上车了。分析句子结构可知，此处需要填入一个副词来修饰动词 arrived，表示“最终”，final 的副词形式 finally 表示“最终”，符合语境，故填 finally。
7. unusually 句意为:这个小男孩在聚会上表现得异常地好，没有制造任何噪声。分析句子结构可知，此处需要填入一个副词，且从 not making any noise 可推出，此处指“异常地好”，unusual 的副词形式 unusually 意为“异常地”，符合语境，故填 unusually。
8. have been 句意为:我曾去过北京两次。它是一个有着悠久历史的美丽城市。根据 twice 和语境可知，此处表示“曾经去过北京”，have/ has been to 表示“曾经去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，且本句主语是 I，故填 have been。
9. bought 句意为:我妈妈昨天给我买了一条漂亮的连衣裙作为生日礼物。根据 yesterday 可知，此处为一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填 bought。
10. stayed 句意为:昨天雨下得很大，所以我待在家里看电视。根据 It rained heavily yesterday 可知，此处为一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填 stayed。

【分析】
本题为用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空题，解题思路如下：1. 先分析句子结构，明确空缺处所需的词性（如修饰动词需用副词）；2. 结合句中的时间状语、语境或关键词（如twice）判断动词的时态；3. 对所给单词进行相应的词性转换或时态变形，得出正确答案。
【解析】
6. 空缺处修饰动词arrived，需用副词，final的副词形式为finally，故填finally；
7. 空缺处修饰动词behaved，需用副词，unusual的副词形式为unusually，故填unusually；
8. 根据关键词twice，此处表示“曾经去过某地”，需用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have，故填have been；
9. 时间状语为yesterday，需用一般过去时，buy的过去式为bought，故填bought；
10. 时间状语为yesterday，且并列动词watched为过去式，stay的过去式为stayed，故填stayed；
【答案】
6. finally 7. unusually 8. have been 9. bought 10. stayed
【知识点】
副词的用法、一般过去时、现在完成时
【点评】
本题考查英语基础的词性转换（形容词变副词）和动词时态（一般过去时、现在完成时）的应用，需掌握副词修饰动词的规则及不同时态的时间标志，属于基础题型，适合巩固英语语法基础。
【难度系数】
0.3

Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成句子(每空一词)
11. They fell in love with each other last year. (改为同义句)
They each other a year.
12. He borrowed the book last week. (改为同义句)
He the book for a week.
13. [2026 辽宁沈阳期末·节选] It is ten minutes since he got up, and now he is preparing breakfast. (改为同义句)
He for ten minutes and is now preparing breakfast.
14. [2025 广东广州质检]汤姆去看医生了，因为他发烧了。(翻译句子)
Tom the doctor's because he has a fever.

11. have been in love with; for
12. has kept 13. has been up
14. has gone to

【分析】本题考查现在完成时的运用，核心是掌握短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换，以及对应时态的结构、固定短语搭配。解题思路：1. 需表达状态持续时，要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词，结合主语人称确定现在完成时的助动词；2. 时间段前用介词for；3. 固定短语需准确记忆，如“去某地（未返回）”用has gone to。
【解析】
11题：原句表去年相爱，要转换为“相爱一年”的状态，需将短暂性短语fall in love with转为延续性的be in love with，主语they对应现在完成时助动词have，故填have been in love with；时间段a year前用介词for，故最后一空为for。
12题：borrow是短暂性动词，无法与时间段for a week连用，需转换为延续性动词keep，主语he对应现在完成时助动词has，故填has kept。
13题：“It is +时间段+since+一般过去时”结构可转换为现在完成时表状态持续，be up表示“起床”的延续性状态，主语he对应现在完成时助动词has，故填has been up。
14题：“去某地（尚未返回）”用固定短语has gone to，主语Tom为第三人称单数，故填has gone to。
【答案】11. have been in love with; for 12. has kept 13. has been up 14. has gone to
【知识点】现在完成时、短暂性动词与延续性动词转换、固定短语搭配
【点评】本题聚焦初中英语时态核心考点——现在完成时，尤其是短暂性动词转延续性动词的易错点，需学生熟练掌握时态结构与动词转换规则，是期中期末的常考题型。
【难度系数】0.5

[2026 辽宁沈阳调研]In the closing years of the Sui dynasty, a terrible flood happened on the Xiao River outside the city of Zhaozhou.
1. flood brought down a large stone bridge.
People had rebuilt the bridge many
2. (time). But it was still washed away over and over again. "What's wrong 3. it?" Li Chun, the most famous local engineer at that time, asked himself. He worked day and night at the drawing of the bridge and 4. (find) out that the stone supports couldn't stand the force of the flood.
One day, an idea came into his mind! He thought of 5. (build) bow-shaped arches (拱) instead of stone supports. And there would be only one big arch, supported at each end by two small ones.
6. floods came, the water would run through the four small arches, bringing little influence on the bridge. He was 7. (great) excited by the idea, and danced happily right at his desk.
A new Zhaozhou Bridge was built. It was safe and beautiful. The local people of Zhaozhou
8. (be) very glad that the problem of the stone bridge was finally worked out. So far, this great stone bridge with a history of over 1,300 years 9. (become) a classical example of China's arched bridges. It shows the wisdom and
10. (create) of the Chinese people.

语法填空·语篇导读 本文主要介绍了隋朝末年，赵州城外洨河发洪水冲垮石桥，李春通过创新设计建造了新桥，这座桥现已成为中国拱桥经典范例的故事。
1. The 根据前文 a terrible flood happened 可知，空处特指这场洪水，需使用定冠词 the。设空在句首，首字母大写，故填 The。
2. times 句意为:人们已经多次重建这座桥。根据 many 可知空处用可数名词复数，故填 times。
3. with 句意为:它怎么了？固定句型“What's wrong with...”意为“……怎么了”。故填 with。
4. found 根据动词 worked 以及 and 连接并列谓语可知空处用动词过去式，find 的过去式是 found。故填 found。
5. building 根据介词 of 和句子结构可知空处用动名词，build 的动名词形式是 building。故填 building。
6. When/As 句意为:当洪水来临时，水会从四个小拱中流过，对桥几乎没有影响。根据语境可知空处用 when/as(当……时)引导时间状语从句，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填 When/As。
7. greatly 空处应用副词修饰形容词，形容词 great 的副词形式是 greatly。故填 greatly。
8. were 主语 The local people 是复数，结合 was 可知本句的时态是一般过去时。故填 were。
9. has become 结合 So far 可知本句时态用现在完成时，主语 this great stone bridge 是第三人称单数。故填 has become。
10. creativity 句意为:它展示了中国人民的智慧和创造力。根据 the wisdom and 可知空处用名词，creative 的名词形式 creativity 意为“创造力”，符合语境。故填 creativity。

【分析】本题是一篇介绍赵州桥建造背景的语法填空题，需结合上下文语境、固定搭配、各类语法规则（冠词、名词的数、介词、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、副词、主谓一致、现在完成时、词性转换等）逐一分析每个空格，确定正确答案。
【解析】1. 此处特指前文提到的那场洪水，需用定冠词The，且位于句首首字母大写；2. many后接可数名词复数，time表示“次数”时为可数名词，故填times；3. 固定句型“What's wrong with...”意为“……怎么了”，故填with；4. and连接并列谓语，前面动词为过去式worked，此处也用过去式，find的过去式是found；5. 介词of后接动名词作宾语，故填building；6. 此处引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，位于句首首字母大写，故填When/As；7. 此处用副词修饰形容词excited，great的副词形式是greatly；8. 主语The local people是复数，结合上下文一般过去时的时态，be动词用were；9. so far是现在完成时的标志，主语为第三人称单数，故填has become；10. 此处与wisdom并列，需用名词，creative的名词形式creativity意为“创造力”，符合语境。
【答案】The, times, with, found, building, When/As, greatly, were, has become, creativity
【知识点】冠词的用法、名词的数、动词时态
【点评】本题围绕赵州桥相关内容设空，考查基础语法知识点，结合语境和固定搭配即可解答，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7