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Ⅵ. 阅读与回答问题
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. Floods can be very dangerous. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of floods.
Floods also cause many other serious problems. In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. That's like moving everyone in a whole country, such as Somalia(索马里) or the Netherlands(荷兰). Floods can also damage roads, bridges and schools. In 2023, floods in Slovenia(斯洛文尼亚) caused damage equal to about $16\%$ of the country's economy. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, food can become hard to find, and dirty water can spread disease.
Floods are becoming more common, and one major reason is the rising temperature of the Earth. Warmer air can hold more water, leading to heavier rain and stronger storms. Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, so water runs quickly into low-lying areas and causes floods. Another important reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse. Large waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by the year 2100, major floods that once happened only once every 100 years may occur every year. Many cities could then face serious danger.
So, what can we do to deal with floods? There are some clear ways. First, we can depend on warning systems. These systems can tell people when floods are coming, so everyone has enough time to get to safe places before the disaster hits. Second, we can build sea walls to stop floodwater from spreading onto the land. Third, cities can be turned into "sponge cities" by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding. Finally, in some specific areas, we can carry out a plan called "managed retreat" that scientists say is the safest way. This means moving people away from these areas that flood again and again.
Floods are a big challenge. But if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our homes. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real difference.
1. Where do floods mainly come from?
2. How many people had to leave their homes in 2024 because of the floods?
3. Why are floods becoming more common?
4. How do "sponge cities" help reduce flood risks?
5. What can we do to keep safe and sound if there is a flood?（言之有理即可）
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. Floods can be very dangerous. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of floods.
Floods also cause many other serious problems. In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. That's like moving everyone in a whole country, such as Somalia(索马里) or the Netherlands(荷兰). Floods can also damage roads, bridges and schools. In 2023, floods in Slovenia(斯洛文尼亚) caused damage equal to about $16\%$ of the country's economy. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, food can become hard to find, and dirty water can spread disease.
Floods are becoming more common, and one major reason is the rising temperature of the Earth. Warmer air can hold more water, leading to heavier rain and stronger storms. Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, so water runs quickly into low-lying areas and causes floods. Another important reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse. Large waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by the year 2100, major floods that once happened only once every 100 years may occur every year. Many cities could then face serious danger.
So, what can we do to deal with floods? There are some clear ways. First, we can depend on warning systems. These systems can tell people when floods are coming, so everyone has enough time to get to safe places before the disaster hits. Second, we can build sea walls to stop floodwater from spreading onto the land. Third, cities can be turned into "sponge cities" by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding. Finally, in some specific areas, we can carry out a plan called "managed retreat" that scientists say is the safest way. This means moving people away from these areas that flood again and again.
Floods are a big challenge. But if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our homes. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real difference.
1. Where do floods mainly come from?
They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.
2. How many people had to leave their homes in 2024 because of the floods?
More than/Over 19 million people.
3. Why are floods becoming more common?
Because the Earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising.
4. How do "sponge cities" help reduce flood risks?
By building special streets and green spaces./By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down.
5. What can we do to keep safe and sound if there is a flood?（言之有理即可）
We should quickly move to higher ground or safe shelters away from the water.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了洪水的来源、危害、成因,并提出了应对洪水的多种措施,强调通过合作与规划可以保障安全、减少灾害影响。
1. They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. 解析:根据“They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.”可知,洪水主要来自大雨或海上的大浪。
2. More than/Over 19 million people. 解析:根据“In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods.”可知,2024 年有超过 1900 万人因为洪水不得不离开家园。
3. Because the Earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising. 解析:根据“Floods are becoming more common, and one major reason is the rising temperature of the Earth.”“Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, so water runs quickly into low-lying areas and causes floods.”和“Another important reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse.”可知,洪水变得更常见的主要原因是地球温度上升、干涸的土地吸水不好导致水迅速流向低洼地区引发洪水,另一个重要原因是海平面上升。
4. By building special streets and green spaces./By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down. 解析:根据“Third, cities can be turned into 'sponge cities' by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding.”可知,“海绵城市”通过建造特殊的街道和绿地,帮助吸收雨水、减缓水流,从而降低洪水风险。
5. 开放性试题,答案合理即可。故答案为:We should quickly move to higher ground or safe shelters away from the water.
1. They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. 解析:根据“They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.”可知,洪水主要来自大雨或海上的大浪。
2. More than/Over 19 million people. 解析:根据“In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods.”可知,2024 年有超过 1900 万人因为洪水不得不离开家园。
3. Because the Earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising. 解析:根据“Floods are becoming more common, and one major reason is the rising temperature of the Earth.”“Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, so water runs quickly into low-lying areas and causes floods.”和“Another important reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse.”可知,洪水变得更常见的主要原因是地球温度上升、干涸的土地吸水不好导致水迅速流向低洼地区引发洪水,另一个重要原因是海平面上升。
4. By building special streets and green spaces./By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down. 解析:根据“Third, cities can be turned into 'sponge cities' by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding.”可知,“海绵城市”通过建造特殊的街道和绿地,帮助吸收雨水、减缓水流,从而降低洪水风险。
5. 开放性试题,答案合理即可。故答案为:We should quickly move to higher ground or safe shelters away from the water.
解析
【分析】
本题为阅读理解题，解题时需根据每个问题的关键词定位原文对应段落，提取准确信息作答；第5题为开放性试题，需结合文本内容或生活常识给出合理答案。具体步骤：1. 定位问题1的关键词“floods mainly come from”到第一段；2. 定位问题2的关键词“2024”“leave homes”到第二段；3. 定位问题3的关键词“floods becoming more common”到第三段；4. 定位问题4的关键词“sponge cities”到第四段；5. 问题5结合文本中应对洪水的建议作答即可。
【解析】
1. 根据第一段“They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.”，可提取洪水的主要来源；2. 根据第二段“In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods.”，可提取2024年因洪水离家的人数；3. 根据第三段“one major reason is the rising temperature of the Earth, Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, Another important reason is rising sea levels.”，整理出洪水变得更常见的原因；4. 根据第四段“cities can be turned into 'sponge cities' by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding.”，可提取海绵城市降低洪水风险的方式；5. 开放性试题，结合文本中“get to safe places”等应对建议，给出合理答案即可。
【答案】
1. They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.
2. More than 19 million people.
3. Because the Earth is getting warmer, dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising.
4. By building special streets and green spaces to soak up rainwater and slow it down.
5. We should move to higher ground or safe shelters away from floodwater.
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、说明文阅读、开放性问题解答
【点评】
本题为说明文阅读理解，侧重考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，细节题占比高，开放性试题难度较低，贴合初中英语阅读的考查要求，有助于学生巩固对洪水相关知识的理解。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为阅读理解题，解题时需根据每个问题的关键词定位原文对应段落，提取准确信息作答；第5题为开放性试题，需结合文本内容或生活常识给出合理答案。具体步骤：1. 定位问题1的关键词“floods mainly come from”到第一段；2. 定位问题2的关键词“2024”“leave homes”到第二段；3. 定位问题3的关键词“floods becoming more common”到第三段；4. 定位问题4的关键词“sponge cities”到第四段；5. 问题5结合文本中应对洪水的建议作答即可。
【解析】
1. 根据第一段“They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.”，可提取洪水的主要来源；2. 根据第二段“In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods.”，可提取2024年因洪水离家的人数；3. 根据第三段“one major reason is the rising temperature of the Earth, Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, Another important reason is rising sea levels.”，整理出洪水变得更常见的原因；4. 根据第四段“cities can be turned into 'sponge cities' by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding.”，可提取海绵城市降低洪水风险的方式；5. 开放性试题，结合文本中“get to safe places”等应对建议，给出合理答案即可。
【答案】
1. They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.
2. More than 19 million people.
3. Because the Earth is getting warmer, dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising.
4. By building special streets and green spaces to soak up rainwater and slow it down.
5. We should move to higher ground or safe shelters away from floodwater.
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、说明文阅读、开放性问题解答
【点评】
本题为说明文阅读理解，侧重考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，细节题占比高，开放性试题难度较低，贴合初中英语阅读的考查要求，有助于学生巩固对洪水相关知识的理解。
【难度系数】
0.7
