四、根据首字母提示完成短文。(每小题2分,共20分)
接下来是海洋生物科普研学环节。海洋协会的成员带领同学们共同学习了一篇关于鲸鱼的科普文章。
How much knowledge do you have about whales, a kind of fantastic animal? They are huge, beautiful, and interesting animals on the earth. Are they fish? Although they look like fish and their homes are in the sea, in fact, they aren't fish. 1. T, learning to tell the difference between whales and fish is the first step to understanding these marine mammals. Let's learn more about them.
It's amazing to think how big whales are. Blue whales are the largest 2. a all kinds of whales. They are also the biggest animals on the earth. Some of them are more than 33 metres long, and each of them 3. w 150 to 180 tons. A blue whale is even heavier than 24 elephants. A new baby blue whale is as heavy as a big elephant. The blue whale also has the largest heart in the world. It can be as heavy as 180 kg. These giant creatures live 4. a the world's major oceans, from the cold Arctic to the warm tropical seas.
Whales feed on sea life, which may 5. i small fish, seals, and some species of tiny plankton. One interesting fact is that some whales have teeth, while others don't. Another interesting fact is that whales must come to the 6. s of the water to take in air. So they often jump out of the water, which is a behaviour that helps them breathe more easily.
Though whales need to take in air, they can't 7. s on beaches for a long time. Beaches are not safe places for them, and they rely on the sea to support their huge bodies. For whales, the mistake of landing on beaches is extremely dangerous. It can 8. l to organ(器官) damage and eventually death if they are not rescued in time.
Some kinds of whales are now rare because human activities 9. c great danger to their lives. People catch whales for meat, fat, and oil, and whale parts are sold to make things like candles and soap. 10. S, human behaviour also continues to harm these gentle giants through ocean pollution. We should try our best to protect whales.

1. Therefore 2. among 3. weighs
4. around 5. include 6. surface 7. stay
8. lead 9. cause 10. Sadly

【分析】
做这类首字母提示完成短文的题目，首先要先通读全文，明确本文围绕鲸鱼科普展开的核心主题，整体把握行文逻辑。之后逐个分析每个空格：先结合空格前后的句意判断句子的逻辑关系、所需单词的词性，再结合给出的首字母提示匹配符合语境的词汇，同时要注意动词的时态、主谓一致，介词的固定搭配等细节，最后代入所有填好的单词通读校验，确保全文语义通顺、语法正确。比如第1空，前文点明“鲸鱼看起来像鱼、生活在海里但其实不属于鱼类”，后文说“学会区分鲸鱼和鱼是了解这些海洋哺乳动物的第一步”，前后是因果顺承关系，结合首字母T就能快速定位对应的衔接副词，其余空格都可以依托上下文给出的线索逐步推导得出。
【解析】
1. 前后文是因果顺承关系：前文说明鲸鱼不属于鱼类的事实，后文指出区分鲸鱼和鱼是了解这类海洋哺乳动物的第一步，表“因此、所以”含义的衔接副词，首字母为T，因此填Therefore。
2. 句意为“蓝鲸是所有种类的鲸鱼当中最大的”，表示在三者及以上的群体范围内，首字母为a，因此填among。
3. 句意为“每一头蓝鲸重达150到180吨”，主语each of them是单数，时态为一般现在时，表“重量为、重”的动词，首字母为w，因此填weighs。
4. 固定搭配live around the world's major oceans表示“生活在全世界的主要大洋中”，around表遍及、围绕的含义，首字母为a，因此填around。
5. 句意为“鲸鱼以海洋生物为食，可能包含小鱼、海豹以及某些种类的微型浮游生物”，情态动词may后接动词原形，表“包含、包括”，首字母为i，因此填include。
6. 句意为“鲸鱼必须来到水面呼吸空气”，the surface of the water表示“水面”，首字母为s，因此填surface。
7. 句意为“尽管鲸鱼需要呼吸空气，它们不能在海滩上长时间停留”，情态动词can't后接动词原形，表“停留、逗留”，首字母为s，因此填stay。
8. 固定搭配lead to表示“导致”，句意为如果不及时救援，搁浅会导致器官损伤最终死亡，情态动词can后接动词原形，首字母为l，因此填lead。
9. 句意为“有些种类的鲸鱼现在很稀有，因为人类活动给它们的生命造成了巨大危险”，主语human activities是复数，时态为一般现在时，表“造成、引发”的动词，首字母为c，因此填cause。
10. 后文指出人类行为还通过海洋污染持续伤害这些温和的巨兽，是令人遗憾的现状，修饰整个句子用副词，表“可悲的是、令人难过的是”，首字母为S，因此填Sadly。
【答案】
1. Therefore 2. among 3. weighs 4. around 5. include 6. surface 7. stay 8. lead 9. cause 10. Sadly
【知识点】
首字母短文填空，语境词义辨析，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题选取海洋生物科普的语篇，贴合研学场景，既考查学生对初中核心词汇的掌握程度，也检验学生结合上下文逻辑推导词汇、正确变换词形的能力，同时渗透了野生动物保护的科普理念，需要学生注意区分词性、主谓一致等细节，避免出现词形错误的失分。
【难度系数】
0.6