一、词汇运用
A. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次。
according to material energy charge probable
Our school held a technology festival yesterday, and we talked about environmental protection. 1 the teacher's introduction, using clean 2 is very important for our planet. We also learnt how to make small solar toys with simple 3 like old boxes and small lights. My classmate Tom said these toys would 4 work well on sunny days because they could get power from the sun. After the talk, we tried to use a special machine that 5 small phones. Everyone thought the technology festival was both fun and useful.

1. According to 2. energy 3. materials 4. probably 5. charged

【分析】首先明确方框内词汇的含义与词性：according to（介词短语，意为“根据”）；material（名词，材料，复数形式materials）；energy（名词，能源，不可数）；charge（动词，充电；名词，费用）；probable（形容词，可能的，副词形式probably）。再结合语境和语法规则逐个分析空格：1. 空格后是“老师的介绍”，需表达“根据”的含义，用介词短语且句首首字母大写；2. 空格前是形容词clean，需接名词，结合环保主题选对应名词；3. 空格前是形容词simple，后文举例多种物品，需用名词复数；4. 空格后是动词work，需用副词修饰；5. 定语从句缺少谓语动词，结合全文过去时态选动词过去式。
【解析】1. 根据语境“根据老师的介绍”，选用介词短语according to，置于句首首字母大写，故填According to；2. 形容词clean后需接名词，结合环保主题，clean energy（清洁能源）符合语境，energy为不可数名词，故填energy；3. 形容词simple后需接名词，后文举例的旧盒子、小灯是多种材料，故用material的复数形式materials；4. 此处修饰动词work，需用副词，形容词probable的副词形式为probably，故填probably；5. 定语从句中缺少谓语动词，全文为过去时态，结合语境“给手机充电”，故用charge的过去式charged。
【答案】1. According to 2. energy 3. materials 4. probably 5. charged
【知识点】词汇适当形式填空、介词短语、词性转换
【点评】本题为初中英语基础词汇运用题型，主要考查学生对方框内词汇的词义、词性变化及语境运用能力，解题需结合上下文逻辑和语法规则，难度适中，能有效检验学生的基础词汇掌握情况。
【难度系数】0.7

B. 阅读下面的短文,根据括号内所给汉语意思或音标提示写出单词的正确形式(每空限填一词)。
Last month, our school held an environmental protection activity. The teacher first talked about how the 6

west

(西面) of our country faced many challenges. She explained that the 7

environment

(生态环境) there was very weak and needed careful protection. She also mentioned that those areas were very dry during the 8

mid-summer

(仲夏). At that time, the 9

rainfall

(雨量) was so low that rivers sometimes dried up. Many small plants could hardly 10

survive

(活下来) without enough water.
To solve this problem, local people built an 11

underground

(地下的) water storage system. They also dug two long 12

canals

(运河) to bring water from nearby rivers. 13

Among

(/əˈmʌŋ/) all the ways to save water, this method was the most useful. It worked 14

amazingly

(惊人地) well and changed the dry situation. Finally, it helped solve the serious water 15

shortage

(缺乏) in those areas. This activity made us realise we should do our part to protect the earth.

6. west 7. environment 8. mid-summer 9. rainfall 10. survive 11. underground 12. canals 13. Among 14. amazingly 15. shortage

【分析】
本题要求根据括号内的汉语意思或音标提示，结合语境填写正确形式的单词，解题时需先明确每个空所需单词的词性，再结合提示和语法规则（如名词单复数、副词修饰动词、句首单词大写等）确定正确答案，确保符合句子逻辑和语法要求。
【解析】
6. 此处需填表示“西面”的名词，对应英文单词west；
7. “生态环境”对应的英文名词为environment；
8. “仲夏”的固定英文表达是mid-summer；
9. 此处需填表示“雨量”的名词，对应英文单词rainfall；
10. 情态动词could后接动词原形，“活下来”的动词是survive；
11. 此处需填表示“地下的”形容词，对应英文单词underground；
12. 前面有数词two，需用名词复数形式，“运河”的复数是canals；
13. 根据音标/əˈmʌŋ/，且位于句首，填单词Among；
14. 修饰副词well需用副词，“惊人地”的副词形式是amazingly；
15. “缺乏”对应的英文名词为shortage。
【答案】
6. west 7. environment 8. mid-summer 9. rainfall 10. survive 11. underground 12. canals 13. Among 14. amazingly 15. shortage
【知识点】
词汇运用、名词单复数、副词用法
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇的语境运用，涉及汉语/音标转写单词、词性变化、名词单复数等基础知识点，难度适中，适合学生巩固词汇与语法结合的运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6