2026年启东中学作业本八年级英语下册译林版徐州专版第176页答案
五、阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
Nowadays, many families have useful tools to make life easier. For example, an
electronic
(electricity) clock can wake you up every morning, and it shows the time clearly so you won’t be late for school or miss important plans.
A
small radio can play soft music or interesting news while you eat breakfast or do housework, making the daily routine more enjoyable. Even simple tools
like
electric fans or small heaters make our life more comfortable, and help us save time and energy in
daily
(day) life.
We also need power
to keep
(keep) these tools working. Some small tools, like flashlights, portable radios or handheld game players, run on
batteries
(battery). When you go
camping
(camp) at night or have a power cut at home, a flashlight with new batteries can light up the tent or room,
so
you don’t have to worry about the dark or stop what you’re doing. It’s important to keep some extra batteries at home in case you need them suddenly, as they are small and easy to store without taking much space.
However, not all places have enough power all the time. In some remote villages,
especially
(especial) in mountainous areas, electricity comes and goes irregularly, so people hardly use many tools that need steady power. They learn to live with simple things, like using candles instead of lamps, or drying clothes in the sun instead of electric dryers. But even there, kids still find ways
to study
(study) by candlelight and play traditional games with friends, showing that happiness doesn’t always need much power or modern tools.
1.
electronic
2.
A
3.
like
4.
daily
5.
to keep

6.
batteries
7.
camping
8.
so
9.
especially
10.
to study

答案

五、1. electronic 2. A 3. like 4. daily 5. to keep 6. batteries 7. camping 8. so 9. especially 10. to study

解析

【分析】
这是一篇短文语法填空题,解题时首先通读全文,理清文章围绕日常电器工具、电力使用展开的核心大意,之后分两类情况逐个推导答案:第一类是给出括号提示词的空格,先判断空格在句中的成分、修饰对象,确定提示词需要转换的形式,比如修饰名词要用形容词、表目的用不定式、可数名词泛指常用复数等;第二类是无提示词的空格,结合上下文逻辑、固定搭配判断需要填写的冠词、介词、连词等虚词,最后代入所有答案通读校验,确保语义通顺、语法正确。
【解析】
1. 第一空:空格后是名词clock,需要形容词修饰名词,提示词electricity是名词“电”,转换为形容词electronic表示“电子的”,electronic clock即电子钟,符合语境。
2. 第二空:后面是可数名词单数small radio,此处泛指“一台小收音机”,需填不定冠词,small以辅音音素开头,且位于句首首字母大写,故填A。
3. 第三空:空格后列举了电风扇、小暖炉作为前文简单工具的实例,用介词like表示“像、诸如”,符合语义逻辑。
4. 第四空:后面是名词life,需要形容词修饰,提示词day转换为形容词daily,构成固定搭配daily life表示“日常生活”。
5. 第五空:此处符合固定结构need sth to do sth,用不定式作目的状语,表示“需要电力来维持这些工具运行”,故填to keep。
6. 第六空:提示词battery是可数名词,此处泛指这类小工具依靠电池运行,表泛指多个电池,要用复数形式batteries。
7. 第七空:属于go+动名词的常用外出活动固定搭配,go camping表示“去露营”,故填camping。
8. 第八空:前半句“装了新电池的手电筒可以照亮帐篷或房间”,后半句“你不必担心黑暗、也不用停下正在做的事”,二者是前因后果的逻辑关系,填并列连词so。
9. 第九空:此处用来修饰后面的地点状语in mountainous areas,需要把形容词especial转换为副词especially,表示“尤其、特别”,符合语境。
10. 第十空:符合固定搭配find ways to do sth,用不定式作后置定语修饰ways,表示“找到做某事的方法”,故填to study。
【答案】
1. electronic 2. A 3. like 4. daily 5. to keep 6. batteries 7. camping 8. so 9. especially 10. to study
【知识点】
词性转换,固定短语搭配,虚词用法
【点评】
本题整体考察初中阶段核心的词法和基础句法知识,大部分考点都是高频出现的固定搭配、词性修饰规则,学生只要准确判断空格的句子成分、理清上下文逻辑就可以顺利得分,需要注意句首单词首字母大写这类容易疏漏的细节。
【难度系数】
0.7
六、完形填空。
Do you often use plastic straws(吸管)? You probably use them to
lots of things, such as soybean milk(豆浆), cola or milk tea. Plastic straws are small
they are a big problem. They are made in 10 minutes, used in 20
and normally remain on earth for over 100 years since they cannot be
easily.
But how do plastic straws get into the
? Because of human mistakes, they are often thrown away, left on beaches, or blown out of bins. The waste management(管理) in some areas are so poor and you know, all gutters(排水沟) lead to our ocean.
, plastic straws kill ocean life. Once a
was found bleeding because a 12 - centimetre - long plastic straw was pushed into
nose. How terrible!
In fact, around 500 million plastic straws are used every day in the US alone. That is enough to circle
two - and - a - half times around our planet! If we don’t take action now, there will be
plastic in the ocean than fish by 2050.
Luckily, more and more people around the world have realized this problem. They begin to think about ______ plastic straws are necessary or not when drinking drinks.
So what can we do right now to reduce plastic pollution? The simplest way is to say “
” to single - use plastic, like straws. For example, next time if you go to a restaurant, make sure you order your drink without a straw. What if people need to use a straw? There are reusable(可再次使用的) straws instead. These straws can be used,
, and reused over and over again.
Coffee house chain Starbucks(星巴克) has started to
lids(盖子) without straws and paper straws instead of plastic straws in almost 1, 000 stores in Shanghai and Shenzhen. Starbucks is not alone. McDonald’s has
taken action to reduce the use of plastic straws. It is hoped that more businesses and customers will work together to protect our environment.
(
)1. A. drink
B. eat
C. tie
D. make
(
)2. A. so
B. and
C. or
D. but
(
)3. A. seconds
B. minutes
C. hours
D. days
(
)4. A. cut down
B. written down
C. broken down
D. put down
(
)5. A. earth
B. air
C. water
D. ocean
(
)6. A. For example
B. Such as
C. Even worse
D. For one thing
(
)7. A. camel
B. monkey
C. turtle
D. giraffe
(
)8. A. their
B. its
C. her
D. his
(
)9. A. closely
B. nearly
C. specially
D. particularly
(
)10. A. more
B. fewer
C. less
D. better
(
)11. A. whether
B. how
C. why
D. what
(
)12. A. hello
B. sorry
C. yes
D. no
(
)13. A. repaired
B. burned
C. picked
D. cleaned
(
)14. A. offer
B. afford
C. affect
D. instruct
(
)15. A. still
B. also
C. ever
D. just

答案

六、1. A 【点拨】根据“soybean milk(豆浆),cola or milk tea”可知,这些液体的东西是用来喝的。故选 A。
2. D 【点拨】根据“Plastic straws are small 2 they are a big problem.”可知,“小吸管”和“大问题”之间构成转折。故选 D。
3. B 【点拨】根据常识和“They are made in 10 minutes”可知,应该表示用 20 分钟。故选 B。
4. C 【点拨】根据“normally remain on earth for over 100 years”可知,吸管不容易分解。故选 C。
5. D 【点拨】根据下文“The waste management(管理) in some areas are so poor and remember, all gutters(排水沟) lead to our ocean.”可知,此处指进入“海洋”。故选 D。
6. C 【点拨】根据上文和“plastic straws kill ocean life”可知,此处表示递进关系。故选 C。
7. C 【点拨】根据上文“lead to our ocean”可知,此处描写海洋中的生物。故选 C。
8. B 【点拨】此处指代 turtle,作定语,应用 its。故选 B。
9. B 【点拨】根据上文中的“around 500 million plastic straws”可知,这么多的吸管可以绕地球将近两圈半。故选 B。
10. A 【点拨】根据语境和 than 可知,到 2050 年,海洋中塑料的数量将超过鱼类。故选 A。
11. A 【点拨】结合语境可知,此处表示“是否”;与 or not 连用时应用 whether。故选 A。
12. D 【点拨】根据语境及“to reduce plastic pollution”可知,此处表示拒用一次性塑料制品。故选 D。
13. D 【点拨】根据“reusable(可再次使用的) straws”可知,这种吸管可以被重复使用,应该能被清洗。故选 D。
14. A 【点拨】根据“instead of plastic straws”可知,星巴克已开始提供不带吸管的盖子和纸吸管,而不是塑料吸管。故选 A。
15. B 【点拨】根据“Starbucks is not alone.”可知,不止星巴克,麦当劳也采取了行动。故选 B。

解析

【分析】
这是一篇以“塑料吸管污染与环保行动”为主题的完形填空题,解题时首先要先通读全文,明确文章核心脉络:先介绍塑料吸管的使用场景、难降解的特性,再讲塑料吸管流入海洋危害海洋生物的现状,最后介绍全球为减少塑料污染采取的应对措施。解题时逐空结合上下文语境、生活常识、逻辑关系、固定搭配四个维度推导:1. 遇到和动作相关的空,优先看后文给出的举例提示;2. 遇到连词类空,判断前后句的逻辑是转折、递进还是顺承;3. 遇到词义辨析空,结合前后文的对应描述排除不符合语境的选项;4. 遇到固定搭配类空,直接匹配对应的常用搭配,最后再把所有选项代入全文通读验证逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 后文列举了豆浆、可乐、奶茶等饮品,吸管是用来喝这些饮品的,选A.drink,排除B吃、C系、D制作。
2. 前半句“塑料吸管很小”,后半句“它们是个大问题”,前后是转折逻辑,选D.but,排除A所以、B并且、C或者。
3. 前文提到塑料吸管仅需10分钟就能制作完成,结合常识它的使用时间也很短,20分钟符合实际,选B.minutes,排除A秒、C小时、D天。
4. 后文提到塑料吸管通常能在地球上留存超过100年,说明它很难被分解,选C.broken down(分解),排除A砍倒、B写下、D放下。
5. 后文明确提到所有排水沟最终都通向海洋,这里是提问塑料吸管是如何进入海洋的,选D.ocean,排除A地球、B空气、C水。
6. 前文说塑料吸管流入海洋,后文说塑料吸管会杀死海洋生物,语义是更严重的递进,选C.Even worse(更糟糕的是),排除A举例、B例如、D一方面。
7. 前文提到危害海洋生物,四个选项里只有C.turtle(海龟)是海洋生物,选C,排除A骆驼、B猴子、D长颈鹿。
8. 此处指代前文提到的海龟,修饰名词nose,用形容词性物主代词its,选B,排除A他们的、C她的、D他的。
9. 这里表示5亿根吸管的总长度将近能绕地球两圈半,nearly表示将近、差不多,选B,排除A紧密地、C特别地、D尤其。
10. 后文有than表比较,语境是到2050年海洋里的塑料会比鱼更多,选A.more,排除B更少、C更少、D更好。
11. 后文出现or not,whether...or not是固定搭配,表示“是否”,这里指人们开始思考喝饮品时塑料吸管是否有必要,选A.whether,排除B如何、C为什么、D什么。
12. 要减少塑料污染,最简单的方式就是对一次性塑料说不,say no to是固定搭配表示拒绝,选D.no,排除A你好、B抱歉、C是。
13. 可重复使用的吸管,使用后需要清洗才能再次反复使用,选D.cleaned,排除A修理、B燃烧、C捡起。
14. 星巴克已经开始在门店提供不带吸管的盖子和纸吸管,offer表示提供,选A,排除B负担得起、C影响、D指导。
15. 前文说星巴克不是唯一采取行动的品牌,说明麦当劳也采取了措施,also表示也,选B,排除A仍然、C曾经、D刚刚。
【答案】
1-5 ADBCD 6-10 CCBBA 11-15 ADDAB
【知识点】
语境词义辨析,逻辑连词判断,固定搭配应用
【点评】
本题选取当下热门的限塑环保主题,贴近学生日常生活,考点覆盖了动词、名词、连词、副词等多种词性的辨析,同时结合生活常识和科普常识设置选项,既考查学生的完形填空解题基础能力,也向学生传递了环保理念。大部分错误集中在逻辑递进词、海洋生物相关选项的判断,学生解题时要注意紧扣全文“塑料污染危害海洋”的核心主旨辅助判断,避免脱离语境主观臆断。
【难度系数】
0.7