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五、词汇运用(本题有15小题,每小题1分,共计15分)
A. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次。
by no means dinosaur feather react endless
For our science class, we visited a local museum. The guide first showed us models of $\underline{51}$ . Some were tall, others were small, which surprised us a lot. Next, she took a real $\underline{52}$ from a glass box and said it was from a bird that lived long ago. Then, we watched a video about how chemicals $\underline{53}$ with water to make bubbles—just like our class experiments. “This experiment is $\underline{54}$ dangerous,” the guide smiled. “You can try it with your teacher.” Before leaving, we saw a wall full of $\underline{55}$ animal photos. We spent 20 minutes looking at them. Later, we all said the trip made science fun.
A. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次。
by no means dinosaur feather react endless
For our science class, we visited a local museum. The guide first showed us models of $\underline{51}$ . Some were tall, others were small, which surprised us a lot. Next, she took a real $\underline{52}$ from a glass box and said it was from a bird that lived long ago. Then, we watched a video about how chemicals $\underline{53}$ with water to make bubbles—just like our class experiments. “This experiment is $\underline{54}$ dangerous,” the guide smiled. “You can try it with your teacher.” Before leaving, we saw a wall full of $\underline{55}$ animal photos. We spent 20 minutes looking at them. Later, we all said the trip made science fun.
答案
51.dinosaurs 52.feather 53.reacted 54.by no means 55.endless
解析
【分析】本题为词汇运用题，要求用方框内所给词语的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。解题思路为：先明确方框内各词语的词义、词性及形式，再结合每个空格的上下文语境、语法规则（如名词单复数、动词时态、固定搭配等）逐一匹配合适的词语，确保所选词语符合语境且形式正确。
【解析】
51. 空格前为“models of”，表示“……的模型”，结合语境是恐龙的模型，dinosaur为可数名词，此处表一类事物，需用复数形式，故填dinosaurs。
52. 空格前有不定冠词“a”，需接可数名词单数，结合后文“from a bird”可知是羽毛，故填feather。
53. 此处为how引导的宾语从句，描述过去发生的动作，需用动词过去式；固定搭配“react with”意为“与……反应”，故填reacted。
54. 结合后文“You can try it with your teacher”可知实验不危险，“by no means”是固定短语，意为“绝不”，符合语境，无需变形，故填by no means。
55. 空格后为名词“photos”，需用形容词修饰，结合后文“spent 20 minutes looking at them”可知是无尽的照片，故填endless。
【答案】51.dinosaurs 52.feather 53.reacted 54.by no means 55.endless
【知识点】词汇适当形式填空、固定搭配、形容词用法
【点评】本题考查词汇在具体语境中的灵活运用，涉及名词单复数、动词时态、固定短语及形容词修饰名词等知识点，难度适中，学生需结合语境和语法规则分析作答。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】
51. 空格前为“models of”，表示“……的模型”，结合语境是恐龙的模型，dinosaur为可数名词，此处表一类事物，需用复数形式，故填dinosaurs。
52. 空格前有不定冠词“a”，需接可数名词单数，结合后文“from a bird”可知是羽毛，故填feather。
53. 此处为how引导的宾语从句，描述过去发生的动作，需用动词过去式；固定搭配“react with”意为“与……反应”，故填reacted。
54. 结合后文“You can try it with your teacher”可知实验不危险，“by no means”是固定短语，意为“绝不”，符合语境，无需变形，故填by no means。
55. 空格后为名词“photos”，需用形容词修饰，结合后文“spent 20 minutes looking at them”可知是无尽的照片，故填endless。
【答案】51.dinosaurs 52.feather 53.reacted 54.by no means 55.endless
【知识点】词汇适当形式填空、固定搭配、形容词用法
【点评】本题考查词汇在具体语境中的灵活运用，涉及名词单复数、动词时态、固定短语及形容词修饰名词等知识点，难度适中，学生需结合语境和语法规则分析作答。
【难度系数】0.7
B. 阅读下面的短文,根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空限填一词)。
In a small town, there was a museum few people visited. One day, a new exhibition opened, and everyone was curious. The first thing visitors saw was a huge piece of 56
Back inside, a heated discussion broke out. There was much 60
It was clear that with hard work and teamwork, even a small museum could become a lively place.
In a small town, there was a museum few people visited. One day, a new exhibition opened, and everyone was curious. The first thing visitors saw was a huge piece of 56
amber
(琥珀) with a small insect inside. Next to it, a poster explained the 57 points
(要点) of protecting ancient fossils. A guide said they could tell stories from millions of years ago. In another room, a short film showed 58 spidermen
(“蜘蛛人”) cleaning windows of tall buildings. People were amazed by their courage. Outside, local farmers set up a small 59 market
(市场) selling fresh vegetables and crafts.Back inside, a heated discussion broke out. There was much 60
disagreement
(意见不合) about which exhibit was the most valuable. To solve it, the director suggested they 61 vote
(投票) for their favourite. The person who guessed the dinosaur fossil's age won a prize. That's a book about 62 unknown
(未知的) species. During the game, one boy felt so nervous that his face turned 63 pale
(苍白的). His friends encouraged him until he felt better. Near the exit, a sign asked visitors to 64 charge
(使充电) their phones before leaving so they could share photos online. On the way out, I noticed a visitor who could 65 hardly
(几乎不) walk because he carried too many souvenirs. Some volunteers helped him.It was clear that with hard work and teamwork, even a small museum could become a lively place.
答案
56.amber 57.points 58.spidermen 59.market 60.disagreement 61.vote 62.unknown 63.pale 64.charge 65.hardly
解析
【分析】本题要求根据短文语境及括号内汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式，需结合词性、单复数、语法规则（如虚拟语气）、固定搭配等确定单词形式，逐个分析每个空的需求即可得出答案。
【解析】56. 琥珀对应英文为amber，是不可数名词，直接填原形；57. “要点”对应point，此处指多个要点，用复数形式points；58. “蜘蛛人”对应spiderman，此处指复数概念（一群蜘蛛人擦窗户），复数为spidermen；59. “市场”对应market，前面有不定冠词a，用单数形式；60. “意见不合”对应disagreement，是不可数名词，由much修饰，填原形；61. “投票”对应vote，suggest后接从句用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略），故填原形vote；62. “未知的”对应unknown，是形容词，修饰名词species；63. “苍白的”对应pale，是形容词，在系动词turn后作表语；64. “使充电”对应charge，在ask sb to do sth结构中用动词原形；65. “几乎不”对应hardly，是副词，修饰动词walk。
【答案】56.amber 57.points 58.spidermen 59.market 60.disagreement 61.vote 62.unknown 63.pale 64.charge 65.hardly
【知识点】根据汉语提示写单词、名词单复数、动词形式运用
【点评】本题为英语基础题型，主要考查常用词汇的拼写及语境中的形式变化，涵盖多种词性的运用，难度适中，能有效检验学生的词汇基础。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】56. 琥珀对应英文为amber，是不可数名词，直接填原形；57. “要点”对应point，此处指多个要点，用复数形式points；58. “蜘蛛人”对应spiderman，此处指复数概念（一群蜘蛛人擦窗户），复数为spidermen；59. “市场”对应market，前面有不定冠词a，用单数形式；60. “意见不合”对应disagreement，是不可数名词，由much修饰，填原形；61. “投票”对应vote，suggest后接从句用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略），故填原形vote；62. “未知的”对应unknown，是形容词，修饰名词species；63. “苍白的”对应pale，是形容词，在系动词turn后作表语；64. “使充电”对应charge，在ask sb to do sth结构中用动词原形；65. “几乎不”对应hardly，是副词，修饰动词walk。
【答案】56.amber 57.points 58.spidermen 59.market 60.disagreement 61.vote 62.unknown 63.pale 64.charge 65.hardly
【知识点】根据汉语提示写单词、名词单复数、动词形式运用
【点评】本题为英语基础题型，主要考查常用词汇的拼写及语境中的形式变化，涵盖多种词性的运用，难度适中，能有效检验学生的词汇基础。
【难度系数】0.6
六、语法填空(本题有10小题,每小题1分,共计10分)(真题·台州温岭)
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Flying to the moon has been a Chinese dream for 66
Dreams of flying to the moon have deep roots in Chinese culture. According to 69
The project has helped the public understand the space programme and learn more about the moon, 73
For children, learning about space is fun. But for scientists like Ye Shuhua, the lunar project is only the beginning. "Landing on the moon will be a task for today's young people, not for me. But I hope to watch the news when our astronauts finally land there," Ye said.
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Flying to the moon has been a Chinese dream for 66
thousands
(thousand) of years. Professor Ye Shuhua, one of the key scientists working at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory for nearly half a century, thinks China's lunar project is 67 exciting
(excite) news for the country's space industry(产业). "For our astronomers, the moon is an ideal place 68 to go
(go)," Ye said.Dreams of flying to the moon have deep roots in Chinese culture. According to 69
an
ancient story, Chang'e was a fairy(仙女) who took a special drink that let 70 her
(she) fly to the moon. The dream has already 71 come
(come) true for U. S. astronauts, but it will take China 72 at
least ten years to land astronauts there.The project has helped the public understand the space programme and learn more about the moon, 73
especially
(especial) among young people. A visitor said, "The moon is a satellite(卫星) of the earth. There are millions of pits on its surface." Another visitor added, "The moon is beautiful and it's the 74 closest
(close) body to the earth. That's 75 why
people want to land on it."For children, learning about space is fun. But for scientists like Ye Shuhua, the lunar project is only the beginning. "Landing on the moon will be a task for today's young people, not for me. But I hope to watch the news when our astronauts finally land there," Ye said.
答案
66.thousands 67.exciting 68.to go 69.an 70.her 71.come 72.at 73.especially 74.closest 75.why
解析
【分析】
本题为语法填空题，需结合固定搭配、词形变化、语法结构等知识逐一分析每个空：
1. 第66空：考查固定搭配thousands of，意为“成千上万的”，故填thousands；
2. 第67空：修饰名词news（物），需用形容词exciting（修饰物的形容词），故填exciting；
3. 第68空：名词place后用不定式作后置定语，表“去月球的地方”，故填to go；
4. 第69空：ancient以元音音素开头，表“一个古老的故事”，用不定冠词an，故填an；
5. 第70空：动词let后接人称代词宾格，she的宾格是her，故填her；
6. 第71空：由助动词has可知是现在完成时，come的过去分词是come，故填come；
7. 第72空：固定搭配at least，意为“至少”，故填at；
8. 第73空：修饰介词短语among young people，需用副词，especial的副词是especially，故填especially；
9. 第74空：定冠词the后用形容词最高级，close的最高级是closest，故填closest；
10. 第75空：固定句式that's why...，表“那就是...的原因”，故填why。
【解析】
根据上述分析，结合各空的语法规则和固定搭配，逐一确定答案：
66. thousands：固定搭配thousands of；
67. exciting：修饰物news用exciting；
68. to go：不定式作place的后置定语；
69. an：元音音素开头的单数名词前用an；
70. her：let后接宾格代词；
71. come：现在完成时，come的过去分词为原形；
72. at：固定搭配at least；
73. especially：副词修饰介词短语；
74. closest：定冠词the后用形容词最高级；
75. why：固定句式that's why...。
【答案】
66.thousands 67.exciting 68.to go 69.an 70.her 71.come 72.at 73.especially 74.closest 75.why
【知识点】
固定搭配、词形变化、语法结构
【点评】
本题为初中英语常见的语法填空题，考查基础语法知识与常用词汇搭配，涉及冠词、代词、形容词、副词、时态、非谓语动词及固定句式等考点，难度适中，侧重学生对基础知识点的掌握与运用。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为语法填空题，需结合固定搭配、词形变化、语法结构等知识逐一分析每个空：
1. 第66空：考查固定搭配thousands of，意为“成千上万的”，故填thousands；
2. 第67空：修饰名词news（物），需用形容词exciting（修饰物的形容词），故填exciting；
3. 第68空：名词place后用不定式作后置定语，表“去月球的地方”，故填to go；
4. 第69空：ancient以元音音素开头，表“一个古老的故事”，用不定冠词an，故填an；
5. 第70空：动词let后接人称代词宾格，she的宾格是her，故填her；
6. 第71空：由助动词has可知是现在完成时，come的过去分词是come，故填come；
7. 第72空：固定搭配at least，意为“至少”，故填at；
8. 第73空：修饰介词短语among young people，需用副词，especial的副词是especially，故填especially；
9. 第74空：定冠词the后用形容词最高级，close的最高级是closest，故填closest；
10. 第75空：固定句式that's why...，表“那就是...的原因”，故填why。
【解析】
根据上述分析，结合各空的语法规则和固定搭配，逐一确定答案：
66. thousands：固定搭配thousands of；
67. exciting：修饰物news用exciting；
68. to go：不定式作place的后置定语；
69. an：元音音素开头的单数名词前用an；
70. her：let后接宾格代词；
71. come：现在完成时，come的过去分词为原形；
72. at：固定搭配at least；
73. especially：副词修饰介词短语；
74. closest：定冠词the后用形容词最高级；
75. why：固定句式that's why...。
【答案】
66.thousands 67.exciting 68.to go 69.an 70.her 71.come 72.at 73.especially 74.closest 75.why
【知识点】
固定搭配、词形变化、语法结构
【点评】
本题为初中英语常见的语法填空题，考查基础语法知识与常用词汇搭配，涉及冠词、代词、形容词、副词、时态、非谓语动词及固定句式等考点，难度适中，侧重学生对基础知识点的掌握与运用。
【难度系数】
0.7
