登录
Passage 17
Walk or drive to work? Which way is lower in carbon(碳)? To be friendly to the environment, you may choose to walk. There are other ways to help the environment too. Have you ever tried to live a low-carbon life through your diet?
A new study from the University of Oxford has looked into the health and environmental influences of 15 foods common in Western diets. Among these, plant-based foods included fruits, vegetables, nuts and potatoes. It also studied animal-based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish.
According to the study's lead researcher, Michael Clark, "Choosing better and greener diets is one of the main ways people can improve their health and protect the environment." That is to say, plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment.
To get this result, researchers compared the influence of eating another portion(一份) of each food with the increased risk of a few illnesses. They also found out the environmental harm for each animal-based food and each plant-based food.
By using this method, the study found that red meat was the most unfriendly food to the environment. Keeping farm animals produces a large amount(数量) of methane(甲烷) that keeps 30 times more heat than ${CO_{2}}$. As well as making the Earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the risk of a few illnesses, such as heart trouble.
Plant-based diets can give us the same health benefits in a much greener way. According to the study, without eating or using meat and milk products, global farmland use could be cut down by more than 75% and still feed the world.
Speaking to The Guardian, Tim Benton of Chatham House said, "If we can give people reasonable official advice on what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its people would be in a much better place."
(
A. Milk products.
B. Fruits.
C. Potatoes.
D. Vegetables.
(
A. Many people choose to walk to work.
B. Plant-based diets are healthier and greener.
C. The more we eat, the better the environment is.
D. 15 foods common in Western diets are not healthy.
(
A. The harm of ${CO_{2}}$.
B. The risk of heart trouble.
C. A reason for keeping animals.
D. Two disadvantages of red meat.
(
A. Teaching farmers to plant vegetables correctly.
B. Offering doctors new methods to treat patients.
C. Guiding people to lose weight by doing exercise.
D. Giving official advice on health and environment.
Walk or drive to work? Which way is lower in carbon(碳)? To be friendly to the environment, you may choose to walk. There are other ways to help the environment too. Have you ever tried to live a low-carbon life through your diet?
A new study from the University of Oxford has looked into the health and environmental influences of 15 foods common in Western diets. Among these, plant-based foods included fruits, vegetables, nuts and potatoes. It also studied animal-based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish.
According to the study's lead researcher, Michael Clark, "Choosing better and greener diets is one of the main ways people can improve their health and protect the environment." That is to say, plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment.
To get this result, researchers compared the influence of eating another portion(一份) of each food with the increased risk of a few illnesses. They also found out the environmental harm for each animal-based food and each plant-based food.
By using this method, the study found that red meat was the most unfriendly food to the environment. Keeping farm animals produces a large amount(数量) of methane(甲烷) that keeps 30 times more heat than ${CO_{2}}$. As well as making the Earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the risk of a few illnesses, such as heart trouble.
Plant-based diets can give us the same health benefits in a much greener way. According to the study, without eating or using meat and milk products, global farmland use could be cut down by more than 75% and still feed the world.
Speaking to The Guardian, Tim Benton of Chatham House said, "If we can give people reasonable official advice on what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its people would be in a much better place."
(
A
) 1.Which one is animal-based food?A. Milk products.
B. Fruits.
C. Potatoes.
D. Vegetables.
(
B
) 2.What's the result of this study?A. Many people choose to walk to work.
B. Plant-based diets are healthier and greener.
C. The more we eat, the better the environment is.
D. 15 foods common in Western diets are not healthy.
(
D
) 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?A. The harm of ${CO_{2}}$.
B. The risk of heart trouble.
C. A reason for keeping animals.
D. Two disadvantages of red meat.
(
D
) 4.What will this study probably be used for?A. Teaching farmers to plant vegetables correctly.
B. Offering doctors new methods to treat patients.
C. Guiding people to lose weight by doing exercise.
D. Giving official advice on health and environment.
答案
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D
解析
【分析】
这是一篇低碳饮食主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时我们可以按照"题干划关键词→回原文定位对应内容→比对选项排除错误项"的思路逐步推导：
1. 第1题划出关键词animal-based food，直接回到介绍食物分类的第二段找对应列举内容即可快速选出答案；
2. 第2题划出关键词the result of this study，回到介绍研究结论的第三段定位核心总结句，就能匹配正确选项；
3. 第3题问第五段主旨，通读该段内容，梳理段落讲述的核心对象和核心信息，排除只覆盖局部细节的干扰项，选出概括最全面的选项；
4. 第4题是推理判断题，定位文章末尾相关人物的观点表述，推导研究的实际用途，排除和原文内容无关的错误选项即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段最后一句"It also studied animal-based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish."可知，奶制品属于动物源食物，而水果、土豆、蔬菜都属于前文提到的植物源食物，因此选A。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段最后一句"That is to say, plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment."可知，这项研究的核心结论是植物性饮食更健康也更环保，A选项是文章开头引入的内容并非本次研究结果，C、D表述均和原文内容不符，因此选B。
3. 段落主旨题：第五段先后介绍了红肉的两个弊端：一是对环境最不友好，养殖牲畜产生的大量甲烷会加剧全球变暖；二是食用过多红肉会提升心脏病等疾病的患病风险。A、B选项都只是段落里的局部细节，C选项完全不符合段落内容，只有D选项"红肉的两个缺点"可以完整概括第五段核心大意，因此选D。
4. 推理判断题：根据原文最后一段Tim Benton的表述"If we can give people reasonable official advice on what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its people would be in a much better place."可以推知，这项研究的成果可以为健康和环境相关的官方建议提供支撑，A、B、C选项的内容均未在文中提及，和研究主题无关，因此选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，段落主旨归纳，推理判断
【点评】
本题选取低碳环保主题的科普说明文，既考查学生初中英语阅读理解的基础信息提取能力，也向学生传递了健康低碳的生活理念。大部分题目都可以通过原文直接定位得到答案，仅主旨类题目需要学生区分局部细节和段落核心，避免以偏概全的错误，整体考点设置贴合日常阅读训练要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇低碳饮食主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时我们可以按照"题干划关键词→回原文定位对应内容→比对选项排除错误项"的思路逐步推导：
1. 第1题划出关键词animal-based food，直接回到介绍食物分类的第二段找对应列举内容即可快速选出答案；
2. 第2题划出关键词the result of this study，回到介绍研究结论的第三段定位核心总结句，就能匹配正确选项；
3. 第3题问第五段主旨，通读该段内容，梳理段落讲述的核心对象和核心信息，排除只覆盖局部细节的干扰项，选出概括最全面的选项；
4. 第4题是推理判断题，定位文章末尾相关人物的观点表述，推导研究的实际用途，排除和原文内容无关的错误选项即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段最后一句"It also studied animal-based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish."可知，奶制品属于动物源食物，而水果、土豆、蔬菜都属于前文提到的植物源食物，因此选A。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段最后一句"That is to say, plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment."可知，这项研究的核心结论是植物性饮食更健康也更环保，A选项是文章开头引入的内容并非本次研究结果，C、D表述均和原文内容不符，因此选B。
3. 段落主旨题：第五段先后介绍了红肉的两个弊端：一是对环境最不友好，养殖牲畜产生的大量甲烷会加剧全球变暖；二是食用过多红肉会提升心脏病等疾病的患病风险。A、B选项都只是段落里的局部细节，C选项完全不符合段落内容，只有D选项"红肉的两个缺点"可以完整概括第五段核心大意，因此选D。
4. 推理判断题：根据原文最后一段Tim Benton的表述"If we can give people reasonable official advice on what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its people would be in a much better place."可以推知，这项研究的成果可以为健康和环境相关的官方建议提供支撑，A、B、C选项的内容均未在文中提及，和研究主题无关，因此选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，段落主旨归纳，推理判断
【点评】
本题选取低碳环保主题的科普说明文，既考查学生初中英语阅读理解的基础信息提取能力，也向学生传递了健康低碳的生活理念。大部分题目都可以通过原文直接定位得到答案，仅主旨类题目需要学生区分局部细节和段落核心，避免以偏概全的错误，整体考点设置贴合日常阅读训练要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
