七、★★ [先进文化 榜样人物] 阅读理解
主题:人与自我——生活与学习 学科素养:思维品质 词数:约270 建议用时:8分钟
On the evening of August 16, 2025, Pang Zhongwang, a student from Tsinghua University, was named a “Touching China” 2024 Awardee. His story encouraged many people.
Pang was born into a poor family and faced big difficulties. His father has a bad illness. His mother can hardly move—she had a spine problem (脊椎问题) from birth. Pang himself had a heart problem from birth. To help his family, he went to many houses to borrow money for his mother’s treatment and picked up old things to pay the family’s debts (债务). But he stayed happy and believed, “Knowledge changes life.” So he worked really hard. Every day, he walked a long way to school. Even if he only had a small light, he still studied late at night. Because of that, he became the top student in his class.
In 2017, Pang took the gaokao and got an amazing score of 744 points! He got into Tsinghua University successfully. His mother told him to always look forward, even after she died in 2020. Her words always encouraged him to continue working hard. Exactly, he did very well in his studies and later became a PhD (博士) student. He took part in important research and even invented new technologies. Now, he has some inventions, and his work is helpful in environmental protection and other fields.
However, Pang never forgot where he came from. After he succeeded, he tried to help make his hometown better. He even raised money to help poor children go to school and supported the kids who have heart problems.
（）1. [新考法 +写作手法] How does the writer develop the text?
A. By showing facts. B. By telling stories. C. By giving examples. D. By listing numbers.
（）2. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Pang’s hard work. B. Pang’s poor family.
C. Pang’s big difficulties. D. Pang’s healthy body.
（）3. What’s probably the reason for Pang Zhongwang to be a “Touching China” Awardee?
A. His love for his family.
B. His success in Tsinghua University.
C. His spirit to overcome difficulties, his achievement and kindness.
D. His excellent academic performance in high school.
（）4. [新考法 +篇章结构] What is the structure of the text? (P=paragraph)

（）5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How Pang prepared for the examination.
B. The life story and achievements of Pang.
C. The difficulties Pang faced in his childhood.
D. The research projects Pang joined at Tsinghua University.

答案速查 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B
【主旨大意】本文讲述了庞众望出身贫寒，家庭遭遇诸多不幸，但他凭借努力取得优异成绩，进入清华并成为博士生，还参与重要研究、发明新技术，成功后不忘回馈家乡、帮助他人的故事。
1. B

2. A【点拨】代词指代题。根据“So he worked really... that, he became the top student in his class.”可知，“that”指代的是“Pang’s hard work”，故选 A。
3. C【点拨】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，庞众望出身贫寒，家庭遭遇诸多困难，但他克服困难努力学习，取得优异成绩进入清华，后来成为博士生，参与重要研究、发明新技术，取得成就，并且成功后还帮助家乡、帮助贫困儿童和有心脏问题的孩子，这些都体现了他的克服困难的精神、成就和善良，所以他成为“感动中国”获奖者的原因应该是他的这些品质。故选 C。
4. A【点拨】篇章结构题。第一段总述庞众望在 2025 年 8 月 16 日晚被评为 2024“感动中国”获奖者，他的故事鼓舞了很多人；第二、三、四段依次讲述他的家庭困境、学习成就、回馈社会等具体内容，属于“总—分”式结构。故选 A。
5. B【点拨】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文围绕庞众望的成长经历、学业成就和社会贡献展开，B 项“庞众望的人生故事和成就”最能概括文章的主旨。故选 B。

【分析】
本题考查阅读理解中判断文章写作方法的题型，解题思路分三步：①审题：明确题目要求是判断作者展开文章的方式，即写作方法；②读文定位：通读全文，梳理文章内容，发现文章完整讲述了庞众望出身贫寒、克服困难求学、取得成功后回馈社会的完整人生故事；③分析选项：结合各选项对应的写作方法特点，排除不符合的选项，得出正确答案。
【解析】
针对第1题的解题过程：
1. 审题：题目问“作者是如何展开文章的”，核心是判断文章的写作方法；
2. 梳理文章内容：文章围绕庞众望的成长经历，完整叙述了他的家庭困境、求学过程、学业成就及回馈社会的事迹；
3. 分析选项：
A选项“通过展示事实”：表述宽泛，文章并非单纯罗列零散事实，而是完整讲述人物故事，排除；
C选项“通过举例”：举例通常是为论证观点列举部分事例，本文是完整讲述人物的全部相关故事，并非举例论证，排除；
D选项“通过列数字”：文中未出现具体数字，排除；
B选项“通过讲故事”：符合文章完整叙述庞众望人生故事的写作特点，当选。
【答案】
1.B
【知识点】
写作方法判断、阅读理解
【点评】
本题考查阅读理解中对文章写作手法的辨析，需结合文章内容及不同写作方法的特点分析选项，难度适中，有助于提升学生对文章结构和写作手法的理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.5