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五、阅读理解
On Sept. 7, 2023, famous Chinese archaeologist（考古学家）Fan Jinshi, 85, was honoured by UNESCO for her efforts in the protection of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, her story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, had the chance to work at the Mogao Caves, a place which she had wanted to explore for a long time.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize that inside the caves is a world of divine（神圣的）beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and yellow earth,” Fan told Gansu Daily.
Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost completely cut off from the world. Fan and her co-workers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, copy murals（壁画）, and do whatever they could to protect and restore them.
In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled（编写）by Fan's team was finally published. It is known as China's first professional report on cave archaeology, reported Gansu Daily.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing the murals inside to lose their colours. A way out needed to be found to preserve Dunhuang's heritage（遗产）.
In the late 1980s, Fan came across computer technology by chance. She realized that this might preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital record system to protect cultural relics（文物）there, allowing Dunhuang's art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my whole life, I've only done one thing: protect and promote the world cultural heritage of the Mogao Caves,” she told People's Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
（
A. She found it hard to breathe in the caves.
B. She preferred the sandy land to the caves.
C. She disliked the natural environment outside the caves.
D. She was deeply impressed by the beauty of the Mogao Caves.
（
A. Increase. B. Protect. C. Improve. D. Change.
（
① Fan was honoured by UNESCO.
② Fan Jinshi went to work at the Mogao Caves.
③ A professional report on 10 Mogao Caves came out.
④ A digital record system was built by the Dunhuang Academy.
A. ②→③→④→① B. ①→②→③→④ C. ①→③→④→② D. ②→④→③→①
（
A. To explain how to make good use of computer technology.
B. To encourage more young people to study archaeology.
C. To introduce Fan Jinshi and her great work in Dunhuang.
D. To show how serious the pollution problem is in Dunhuang.
On Sept. 7, 2023, famous Chinese archaeologist（考古学家）Fan Jinshi, 85, was honoured by UNESCO for her efforts in the protection of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, her story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, had the chance to work at the Mogao Caves, a place which she had wanted to explore for a long time.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize that inside the caves is a world of divine（神圣的）beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and yellow earth,” Fan told Gansu Daily.
Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost completely cut off from the world. Fan and her co-workers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, copy murals（壁画）, and do whatever they could to protect and restore them.
In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled（编写）by Fan's team was finally published. It is known as China's first professional report on cave archaeology, reported Gansu Daily.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing the murals inside to lose their colours. A way out needed to be found to preserve Dunhuang's heritage（遗产）.
In the late 1980s, Fan came across computer technology by chance. She realized that this might preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital record system to protect cultural relics（文物）there, allowing Dunhuang's art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my whole life, I've only done one thing: protect and promote the world cultural heritage of the Mogao Caves,” she told People's Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
（
D
）1. What can we learn about Fan Jinshi from paragraph 2?A. She found it hard to breathe in the caves.
B. She preferred the sandy land to the caves.
C. She disliked the natural environment outside the caves.
D. She was deeply impressed by the beauty of the Mogao Caves.
（
B
）2. What does the underlined word “preserve” mean?A. Increase. B. Protect. C. Improve. D. Change.
（
A
）3. Which of the following shows the correct order of the events?① Fan was honoured by UNESCO.
② Fan Jinshi went to work at the Mogao Caves.
③ A professional report on 10 Mogao Caves came out.
④ A digital record system was built by the Dunhuang Academy.
A. ②→③→④→① B. ①→②→③→④ C. ①→③→④→② D. ②→④→③→①
（
C
）4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how to make good use of computer technology.
B. To encourage more young people to study archaeology.
C. To introduce Fan Jinshi and her great work in Dunhuang.
D. To show how serious the pollution problem is in Dunhuang.
答案
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
解析
【分析】
本题为人物介绍类英语阅读理解，共4道选择题，需结合原文内容逐一分析：第1题是细节理解题，需定位第二段提取樊锦诗对莫高窟的印象；第2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推测划线词含义；第3题是事件排序题，需梳理原文中各事件的时间先后顺序；第4题是主旨大意题，需概括文章核心目的。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位第二段，原文提到“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking... inside the caves is a world of divine beauty”，说明樊锦诗被莫高窟的美深深打动，对应选项D。A项“呼吸困难”、B项“更喜欢沙地”、C项“不喜欢窟外环境”均与原文不符，故选D。
2. 词义猜测题：前文提到游客增多会伤害壁画，因此需要找到保护敦煌遗产的方法，preserve在此处意为“保护”，对应选项B。A项“增加”、C项“改善”、D项“改变”均不符合语境，故选B。
3. 事件排序题：梳理原文时间线：②1963年樊锦诗到莫高窟工作；③2011年10个莫高窟的专业报告出版；④之后敦煌研究院建立数字记录系统；①2023年樊锦诗被联合国教科文组织表彰。顺序为②→③→④→①，对应选项A，故选A。
4. 主旨大意题：文章围绕樊锦诗的敦煌工作经历、保护敦煌遗产的贡献展开，核心目的是介绍樊锦诗及其在敦煌的伟大工作，对应选项C。A项“解释如何利用电脑技术”、B项“鼓励年轻人学考古”、D项“展示敦煌污染问题”均偏离主旨，故选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为人物介绍类阅读理解，考查学生的细节定位、词义推测、事件梳理及主旨概括能力，题型基础，需学生认真阅读原文提取关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为人物介绍类英语阅读理解，共4道选择题，需结合原文内容逐一分析：第1题是细节理解题，需定位第二段提取樊锦诗对莫高窟的印象；第2题是词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推测划线词含义；第3题是事件排序题，需梳理原文中各事件的时间先后顺序；第4题是主旨大意题，需概括文章核心目的。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位第二段，原文提到“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was breathtaking... inside the caves is a world of divine beauty”，说明樊锦诗被莫高窟的美深深打动，对应选项D。A项“呼吸困难”、B项“更喜欢沙地”、C项“不喜欢窟外环境”均与原文不符，故选D。
2. 词义猜测题：前文提到游客增多会伤害壁画，因此需要找到保护敦煌遗产的方法，preserve在此处意为“保护”，对应选项B。A项“增加”、C项“改善”、D项“改变”均不符合语境，故选B。
3. 事件排序题：梳理原文时间线：②1963年樊锦诗到莫高窟工作；③2011年10个莫高窟的专业报告出版；④之后敦煌研究院建立数字记录系统；①2023年樊锦诗被联合国教科文组织表彰。顺序为②→③→④→①，对应选项A，故选A。
4. 主旨大意题：文章围绕樊锦诗的敦煌工作经历、保护敦煌遗产的贡献展开，核心目的是介绍樊锦诗及其在敦煌的伟大工作，对应选项C。A项“解释如何利用电脑技术”、B项“鼓励年轻人学考古”、D项“展示敦煌污染问题”均偏离主旨，故选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为人物介绍类阅读理解，考查学生的细节定位、词义推测、事件梳理及主旨概括能力，题型基础，需学生认真阅读原文提取关键信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
