一、完形填空 "屏上耕耘"
素养:语言能力 难度:中 用时:7分钟
With just a smartphone, a blackboard and a piece of chalk, the agricultural expert Liang Zhenqing, in his eighties, began his livestreamed classes（直播课）in January 2023. His free online classes 1 flower planting skills, along with lessons on growing different fruits, tea trees, and plants for traditional Chinese medicine.
"I didn't know where the start button was in the beginning, let alone how to communicate with people online," he said of his early livestreaming ______ 2 ______ . However, with the help of his grandchildren, Liang mastered the skills ______ 3 ______ . At first, the number of fans was ______ 4 ______ . But after a month, he suddenly saw a rise. Then he began to talk with them and offered helpful ______ 5 ______ to their questions during the live stream.
Most of Liang's online fans are young people. Liang said there are always some punctual（准时的）fans 6 him to start his live stream. Often, long after the live stream is planned to 7, his family can still hear him laughing and discussing ideas in the other room. Fans sometimes 8 him the lesson is over by telling him, "Grandpa Liang, it's time."
After class, some fans write briefings（简报）on the content of the livestreamed classes. Liang lovingly ______ 9 ______ them "class representatives（课代表）". Huang Yifei, a college student in Hubei, has been following Liang's livestreamed classes ______ 10 ______ the beginning. "Whenever I meet a difficult agricultural problem, I ask him for help and he shares his ideas. I love his livestreamed classes," said Huang.
1. A. improve B. cover C. learn D. create
2. A. experiences B. reasons C. exercises D. hobbies
3. A. likely B. hopefully C. successfully D. badly
4. A. large B. great C. few D. small
5. A. discoveries B. interviews C. promises D. suggestions
6. A. working for B. caring for C. waiting for D. looking for
7. A. return B. watch C. continue D. end
8. A. develop B. remind C. describe D. require
9. A. pays B. calls C. discusses D. shows
10. A. since B. before C. except D. until

【解题导语】 本文介绍了八十多岁的农业专家梁振清通过直播课分享农业知识的故事。
1. B 根据空后的“flower planting skills...plants for traditional Chinese medicine”可知,梁振清的直播课包括这些内容,故所缺的词是 cover“包括”。
2. A 根据空前的“I didn't know where the start button was in the beginning”可知,刚开始时他不熟悉直播,故梁振清是在谈及自己早期直播经历,故 experiences 符合语境。
3. C 根据空前的“with the help of his grandchildren, Liang mastered the skills”可知,然而在孙辈的帮助下,梁振清成功掌握了技能,故所缺的词是 successfully“成功地”。
4. D 根据下文中的“But after a month, he suddenly saw a rise”可知,最初粉丝数量很少;修饰 the number of 应用 small。故选 D。
5. D 根据空后的“to their questions during the live stream”可知,梁振清在直播中给大家提供建议,故所缺的词是 suggestions。
6. C 根据语境及空前的“there are always some punctual (准时的) fans”可推知,粉丝在等梁振清开始直播,故 waiting for“等待”符合语境。
词汇积累
常见的“动词 + for”构成的短语
ask for 要求;请求
care for 喜欢;照顾
cheer for 为……加油
leave for 出发前往
look for 寻找
pay for 付款;支付
prepare for 为……做准备
wait for 等候;等待
send for 派人去请
stand for 代表;容忍
7. D 根据下文中的“the lesson is over by telling him, ‘Grandpa Liang, it's time. ’”可知,此处是说比直播原计划结束的时间晚了很久,故所缺的词是 end。
8. B 根据下文中的“by telling him, ‘Grandpa Liang, it's time. ’”可知,粉丝有时提醒梁振清下课了,故所缺的词是 remind。
9. B 梁振清亲切地称(calls)他们为“课代表”。
10. A 根据空前的“has been following Liang's livestreamed classes”及语境可知,这名学生从一开始就关注梁振清,故选 A。

【分析】
这是一篇记叙文类完形填空，围绕八十多岁农业专家梁振清通过直播分享农业知识的故事展开。解题时需先通读全文把握主旨大意，再结合每个空的上下文语境，通过词义辨析、固定搭配、逻辑推理逐一确定选项，最后验证所选答案是否符合文意和逻辑。
【解析】
1. 考查动词词义辨析。根据空后列举的“flower planting skills, growing fruits...”可知，直播课涵盖这些内容，cover意为“包含，涵盖”，故选B。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。前文提到“刚开始不知道启动按钮，不会和网友交流”，这是早期的直播经历，experiences意为“经历”，故选A。
3. 考查副词词义辨析。在孙辈帮助下，他成功掌握了直播技能，successfully意为“成功地”，故选C。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据后文“after a month, he suddenly saw a rise”可知，最初粉丝数量少，修饰number用small，故选D。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。直播中他给网友的问题提供有用的建议，suggestions意为“建议”，故选D。
6. 考查动词短语辨析。准时的粉丝在等他开始直播，waiting for意为“等待”，故选C。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。根据后文“it's time”（到时间了）可知，此处指直播计划结束的时间，end意为“结束”，故选D。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。粉丝通过提醒他“梁爷爷，到时间了”来告知他课程结束，remind意为“提醒”，故选B。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。他亲切地称粉丝为“课代表”，calls意为“称呼”，故选B。
10. 考查介词词义辨析。根据现在完成时“has been following”可知，是从一开始就关注，since意为“自从”，故选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.A
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、词汇词义辨析、介词用法
【点评】
本文主题积极贴近生活，考查学生对上下文语境的理解能力和词汇运用能力，属于中等难度的完形填空，需结合语境分析词义并掌握常见搭配。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、阅读理解 科学追梦人颜宁
素养:思维品质 难度:难 用时:7分钟
Yan Ning, who was born in November 1977 in Jinan, Shandong Province, is a leading biology researcher at Princeton University in the US. On April 30, 2019, she was chosen as one of 100 new members and 25 foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences in the US at the age of 42.
Yan has become a rising star in the science world and her experience is amazing. After graduating from Tsinghua University and Princeton University, she was invited to set up her own laboratory at Tsinghua University in 2007. At the age of 30, she became one of China’s youngest-ever women professors.
Getting to where she is now has been a long road. She said that in order to realize her dream, she experienced a lot of difficulties and pains. She never gave up her dream. Instead, she followed her dream and fought for it. Yan likes to work at night. She says it’s because she can focus on her work when the outside is quiet. She also works at least 14 hours a day, yet she remains energetic, because research is the most “comfortable” job for her.
Besides scientific research, Yan enjoys TV dramas and classic novels. Surprisingly, the novel Journey to the West inspired her to become a structural biologist. In the book, the Monkey King changes into other animals. She wondered what it would be like to change at the molecular level (在分子层面).
On April 22, 2021, Yan was chosen as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2022, she returned to our motherland and has made great contributions to life science research. As Yan realizes her own dreams, she encourages more women to work on science and stick to it. In her eyes, men and women can do well in science equally.
1. 新考法·事件脉络题 Put the events about Yan Ning in the correct order.
a. Yan Ning became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in the US.
b. Yan Ning graduated from Tsinghua University and Princeton University.
c. Yan Ning was chosen as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
d. Yan Ning became one of China’s youngest-ever women professors.
A. b - d - a - c B. a - b - d - c
C. b - d - c - a D. c - a - b - d
2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Her difficulty. B. Her dream.
C. Her pain. D. Her achievement.
3. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. Yan Ning has a good living habit.
B. Yan Ning has a comfortable job.
C. Yan Ning likes to work at night.
D. Yan Ning succeeds because of hard work.
4. Which words can best describe Yan Ning?
A. Polite and powerful.
B. Kind and friendly.
C. Confident and hard-working.
D. Outgoing and brave.
5. What’s the text mainly about?
A. Structural biology.
B. Yan Ning’s laboratory.
C. Princeton University.
D. A rising star of science.

【解题导语】 科学家颜宁在生物学领域取得了显著成就,是科学界的一颗新星,文中还讲述了她的经历、工作习惯及对科学的贡献。
长难句解读
As Yan realizes her own dreams, she encourages more women to work on science and stick to it.
As引导的时间状语从句 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
随着颜宁实现自己的梦想,她鼓励更多女性投身科学并坚持下去。
1. A 事件脉络题。
解题图式
事件顺序 对应序号
根据第二段中的“After graduating from Tsinghua University and Princeton University”可知,这是她事业的起点。 b
根据第二段中的“At the age of 30, she became one of China's youngest-ever women professors”可知,30岁时成为中国有史以来最年轻的女教授之一。 d
根据第一段中的“On April 30, 2019, she was chosen as...at the age of 42”可知,2019年,42岁时当选为美国国家科学院院士。 a
根据最后一段中的“On April 22, 2021, Yan was chosen as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences”可知,2021年4月22日当选为美国艺术与科学院院士。 c
抓取关键信息后,确定事件发生的正确顺序是 b - d - a - c,故选 A。
解题通法
“显隐线索”定先后
事件脉络题是一种将多项事实或情节进行排序的细节理解题。学生需要先研读选项,确定选项中的关键词或短语,而后快速梳理文本中的显性与隐性时间线索。把握两点:①显性标志:关注时间状语(如年份、日期、序数词)、逻辑连接词(如 before、after、then、finally)和情节发展关键词(如 at first、then、later);②隐性逻辑:依据事件之间的因果、条件、步骤等内在逻辑关系推断先后顺序。最后将选项逐个代入时间线或逻辑链进行验证,即可锁定正确排序。
2. B 代词指代题。根据画线词前的“She never gave up her dream. Instead, she followed her dream and fought for”可知,it 代指颜宁的梦想,故选 B。
3. D 推理判断题。第三段提到“Yan likes to work at night...She also works at least 14 hours a day, yet she remains energetic”,她每天工作至少 14 个小时,说明她非常努力。由此可推断,她的成功源于努力工作。故选 D。
4. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,她鼓励更多的女性投身科学并坚持下去,认为在科学领域男女都可以做好,这体现了她的自信(confident);根据第三段内容可知,她长期努力工作、坚持科研,这则体现了她的努力勤奋(hard-working)。故选 C。
5. D 主旨大意题。全文围绕颜宁的科研成就、成长经历以及她在科学界的影响展开,强调她是科学界的一颗新星。故选 D。

【分析】
本题为关于科学家颜宁的英语阅读理解题，涵盖事件脉络题、代词指代题、推理判断题、主旨大意题。解题时需针对不同题型采用对应策略：事件脉络题需定位各事件的时间或先后逻辑；代词指代题要结合上下文语境，锁定前文核心名词；推理判断题需基于原文细节合理推导，避免主观臆断；主旨大意题需梳理全文核心内容，排除片面选项。
【解析】
1. 事件脉络题：先定位各事件的顺序：b（毕业于清华、普林斯顿大学）在第二段开头；d（30岁成为中国最年轻女教授之一）在第二段；a（2019年当选美国国家科学院院士）在第一段；c（2021年当选美国艺术与科学院院士）在最后一段，正确顺序为b-d-a-c，故选A。
2. 代词指代题：第三段画线词it前提到“she never gave up her dream...followed her dream and fought for”，可知it指代her dream，故选B。
3. 推理判断题：第三段提到她每天至少工作14小时，坚持科研，可推断她的成功源于努力工作，故选D。
4. 推理判断题：她鼓励女性投身科学并认为男女在科学领域表现平等，体现自信；长期坚持科研、努力工作，体现勤奋，故选C。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕颜宁的科研成就、成长经历及科学界影响展开，强调她是科学界新星，故选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解细节题、代词指代题、推理判断题
【点评】
本题围绕科学家颜宁的事迹设置多种阅读理解题型，考查学生的信息定位、代词理解、逻辑推理及主旨归纳能力，难度偏难，能有效提升学生的英语阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.3