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B(真题·宁波鄞州)
Blacksmithing is one of the oldest jobs in the world. Its history goes back over 3,500 years. Now, when we think of a blacksmith, we might picture someone putting shoes on horses. But that's a farrier(钉蹄师)! Farriers and blacksmiths are different, and farriers even learn skills from blacksmiths.
Blacksmiths work with iron and steel. They melt(融化), shape, and join these metals(金属) to make things like gates, tools, and railings. They heat the metal in a forge (a hot place) or a furnace. When the metal gets hot enough, it softens and melts. Then the blacksmith can turn it into any shape.
The Anvil(铁砧)
Next, the blacksmith puts the hot metal on an anvil. An anvil is a big, flat-topped metal block(金属板). The hot metal sits there. The blacksmith uses the hammer(锤子) to make it into the right shape before it cools and becomes hard.
What to wear
Blacksmiths hardly wear uniforms, but they always wear a leather apron. This apron keeps their clothes clean and protects them from hot metal burns.
▲
You can learn this job by working with an experienced blacksmith or studying in school. You can also work and learn at the same time, which is called an apprenticeship(学徒制).
Skills needed
Blacksmiths lift and work with heavy iron and steel, so they need to be strong. They must finish projects without giving up halfway.
Where they work
Blacksmiths work in factories or workshops. They have big open fire pits to melt metals. These coal fires can reach high temperature—20 times hotter than boiling water (100℃)!
(
①Heat the metal in a forge. ②Hammer it on an anvil.
③Choose iron or steel. ④Cool down the metal.
A. ③①②④ B. ①③②④ C. ③②①④ D. ①②③④
(
(
A. How to use an anvil B. How to be a blacksmith
C. How to use the skills D. How to choose blacksmith tools
(
A. The coal fires can reach 2000℃.
B. Farriers and blacksmiths do the same job.
C. Blacksmiths can only learn skills in school.
D. Blacksmiths can have a rest before finishing.
Blacksmithing is one of the oldest jobs in the world. Its history goes back over 3,500 years. Now, when we think of a blacksmith, we might picture someone putting shoes on horses. But that's a farrier(钉蹄师)! Farriers and blacksmiths are different, and farriers even learn skills from blacksmiths.
Blacksmiths work with iron and steel. They melt(融化), shape, and join these metals(金属) to make things like gates, tools, and railings. They heat the metal in a forge (a hot place) or a furnace. When the metal gets hot enough, it softens and melts. Then the blacksmith can turn it into any shape.
The Anvil(铁砧)
Next, the blacksmith puts the hot metal on an anvil. An anvil is a big, flat-topped metal block(金属板). The hot metal sits there. The blacksmith uses the hammer(锤子) to make it into the right shape before it cools and becomes hard.
What to wear
Blacksmiths hardly wear uniforms, but they always wear a leather apron. This apron keeps their clothes clean and protects them from hot metal burns.
▲
You can learn this job by working with an experienced blacksmith or studying in school. You can also work and learn at the same time, which is called an apprenticeship(学徒制).
Skills needed
Blacksmiths lift and work with heavy iron and steel, so they need to be strong. They must finish projects without giving up halfway.
Where they work
Blacksmiths work in factories or workshops. They have big open fire pits to melt metals. These coal fires can reach high temperature—20 times hotter than boiling water (100℃)!
(
A
)19. Which of the following is the right steps of making an iron tool?①Heat the metal in a forge. ②Hammer it on an anvil.
③Choose iron or steel. ④Cool down the metal.
A. ③①②④ B. ①③②④ C. ③②①④ D. ①②③④
(
D
)20. Which one in the circles can best show "leather apron" in Paragraph 4?(
B
)21. Which can best put in the blank " ▲ "?A. How to use an anvil B. How to be a blacksmith
C. How to use the skills D. How to choose blacksmith tools
(
A
)22. What can we infer from the passage?A. The coal fires can reach 2000℃.
B. Farriers and blacksmiths do the same job.
C. Blacksmiths can only learn skills in school.
D. Blacksmiths can have a rest before finishing.
答案
19.A 20.D 21.B 22.A
解析
【分析】
本题是一篇介绍铁匠职业的英语阅读理解题，共4道小题，涵盖细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳等题型。解题思路为：先通读全文把握文章核心内容（铁匠的工作内容、工具、着装、学习途径、技能要求及工作场所），再针对每道题的问题关键词定位原文对应段落，逐一分析选项，排除错误答案得出正确结论。
【解析】
19. 细节理解题：根据文章第二段“Blacksmiths work with iron and steel... They heat the metal in a forge...”及第三段“Next, the blacksmith puts the hot metal on an anvil... The blacksmith uses the hammer to make it into the right shape before it cools and becomes hard.”可知，制作铁工具的步骤为：③选择铁或钢→①在锻炉中加热金属→②在铁砧上锤打→④冷却金属，对应选项A。
20. 细节理解题：根据第四段“they always wear a leather apron. This apron keeps their clothes clean and protects them from hot metal burns.”可知，leather apron是保护铁匠衣物和身体的皮革围裙，结合选项对应描述，选D。
21. 主旨归纳题：空白后段落内容围绕学习铁匠的方式（跟着经验丰富的铁匠、学校学习、学徒制）及所需技能展开，核心是“如何成为一名铁匠”，对应选项B。
22. 推理判断题：A选项：文章最后一段提到“coal fires can reach high temperature—20 times hotter than boiling water (100℃)”，计算得100℃×20=2000℃，推断正确；B选项：第一段明确“Farriers and blacksmiths are different”，错误；C选项：学习铁匠的方式有三种，并非只能在学校学习，错误；D选项：技能要求中提到“必须完成项目不能半途而废”，错误，故选A。
【答案】19.A 20.D 21.B 22.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】本题为说明文类阅读理解，考查学生快速定位信息、细节分析、主旨归纳及逻辑推理能力，整体难度适中，只要仔细阅读原文即可完成解答。
【难度系数】0.6
本题是一篇介绍铁匠职业的英语阅读理解题，共4道小题，涵盖细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳等题型。解题思路为：先通读全文把握文章核心内容（铁匠的工作内容、工具、着装、学习途径、技能要求及工作场所），再针对每道题的问题关键词定位原文对应段落，逐一分析选项，排除错误答案得出正确结论。
【解析】
19. 细节理解题：根据文章第二段“Blacksmiths work with iron and steel... They heat the metal in a forge...”及第三段“Next, the blacksmith puts the hot metal on an anvil... The blacksmith uses the hammer to make it into the right shape before it cools and becomes hard.”可知，制作铁工具的步骤为：③选择铁或钢→①在锻炉中加热金属→②在铁砧上锤打→④冷却金属，对应选项A。
20. 细节理解题：根据第四段“they always wear a leather apron. This apron keeps their clothes clean and protects them from hot metal burns.”可知，leather apron是保护铁匠衣物和身体的皮革围裙，结合选项对应描述，选D。
21. 主旨归纳题：空白后段落内容围绕学习铁匠的方式（跟着经验丰富的铁匠、学校学习、学徒制）及所需技能展开，核心是“如何成为一名铁匠”，对应选项B。
22. 推理判断题：A选项：文章最后一段提到“coal fires can reach high temperature—20 times hotter than boiling water (100℃)”，计算得100℃×20=2000℃，推断正确；B选项：第一段明确“Farriers and blacksmiths are different”，错误；C选项：学习铁匠的方式有三种，并非只能在学校学习，错误；D选项：技能要求中提到“必须完成项目不能半途而废”，错误，故选A。
【答案】19.A 20.D 21.B 22.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、推理判断
【点评】本题为说明文类阅读理解，考查学生快速定位信息、细节分析、主旨归纳及逻辑推理能力，整体难度适中，只要仔细阅读原文即可完成解答。
【难度系数】0.6
