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B
思维品质 辩证思维 （2025·北京期中）
Once, I asked the famous artist Elizabeth Murray how she felt about her early work. She told me that some paintings didn't meet her standards. There was one she didn't like at all and she even left it in the trash inside her studio. However, her neighbour saw the painting, thought it was valuable, and took it away. At that moment, my view of success and creativity changed. I realized that success is a moment, but what we are always celebrating is the lifelong effort to master a skill—that is, true creativity and mastery.
英语九上（江苏版）
I started to understand this when I watched an archer(弓箭手). She hit a seven, a nine, then two tens—yet her next arrow missed completely. I saw that this failure gave her more tenacity(韧性), and she practised it again and again. For three hours this went on. So, success is hitting that ten-ring, but mastery is knowing that it means nothing if you can't do it consistently. Mastery is not just the same as excellence, though. It's not the same as success, which I see as an event, a moment in time, and a title the world awards you. Mastery is not a commitment(投入) to a goal but to a continuous journey. What pushes us forward is valuing a near win.
The near win is part of mastery because the better we get, the more we realize how much we still don't know. It's called the "Dunning-Kruger effect". The Paris Review got it out of James Baldwin when they asked him, "What do you think increases with knowledge?" and he said, "You learn how little you know."
Success motivates us, but a near win can push us forward on an ongoing journey. One of the most vivid examples of this comes when we look at the difference between Olympic silver medalists and bronze medalists after a competition. Thomas Gilovich and his team from Cornell University studied this and found that while bronze medalists are often happier just to have made the podium(领奖台), the frustration(沮丧) silver medalists feel gives them greater focus for future competitions.
The near win always drives us forward because it makes a far-away goal feel closer, like a distant mountain suddenly seeming nearer. Then, it acts like a signpost, making us focus on the very next step we need to take.
题中题 166
We become, and continue to be, successful, strong and healthy not when we've done it all, but when we still have more to do. We grow by improving our unfinished work, just like building with blocks(积木). We also improve ourselves. This is how we master a skill. When you almost reach a goal, it can help you achieve even bigger things later. Completion is a goal, but we hope it is never the end.
5. Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 1?
A. To prove the value of creativity in art.
B. To show the result of a wrong judgment.
C. To introduce a change in the opinion.
D. To stress the importance of a good neighbour.
6. What can we learn about success and mastery from the passage?
A. Knowing how little we know sets us on the path to mastery.
B. Success means going after excellence over and over again.
C. Most successes are driven by the Dunning-Kruger effect.
D. Mastery is all about making every effort to win in our lives.
7. Which of the following shows the effect of a near win?
A. A teacher, who kept encouraging students, received an honour.
B. A boxer, who lost a close match, trained harder than before.
C. A writer wrote a book and became famous overnight.
D. A scientist changed the research area after careful planning.
8. 语言能力 推断能力 What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To encourage people to be successful.
B. To introduce the benefits of having the right goal.
C. To compare different ways to deal with a near win.
D. To explain the true meaning of mastery.
思维品质 辩证思维 （2025·北京期中）
Once, I asked the famous artist Elizabeth Murray how she felt about her early work. She told me that some paintings didn't meet her standards. There was one she didn't like at all and she even left it in the trash inside her studio. However, her neighbour saw the painting, thought it was valuable, and took it away. At that moment, my view of success and creativity changed. I realized that success is a moment, but what we are always celebrating is the lifelong effort to master a skill—that is, true creativity and mastery.
英语九上（江苏版）
I started to understand this when I watched an archer(弓箭手). She hit a seven, a nine, then two tens—yet her next arrow missed completely. I saw that this failure gave her more tenacity(韧性), and she practised it again and again. For three hours this went on. So, success is hitting that ten-ring, but mastery is knowing that it means nothing if you can't do it consistently. Mastery is not just the same as excellence, though. It's not the same as success, which I see as an event, a moment in time, and a title the world awards you. Mastery is not a commitment(投入) to a goal but to a continuous journey. What pushes us forward is valuing a near win.
The near win is part of mastery because the better we get, the more we realize how much we still don't know. It's called the "Dunning-Kruger effect". The Paris Review got it out of James Baldwin when they asked him, "What do you think increases with knowledge?" and he said, "You learn how little you know."
Success motivates us, but a near win can push us forward on an ongoing journey. One of the most vivid examples of this comes when we look at the difference between Olympic silver medalists and bronze medalists after a competition. Thomas Gilovich and his team from Cornell University studied this and found that while bronze medalists are often happier just to have made the podium(领奖台), the frustration(沮丧) silver medalists feel gives them greater focus for future competitions.
The near win always drives us forward because it makes a far-away goal feel closer, like a distant mountain suddenly seeming nearer. Then, it acts like a signpost, making us focus on the very next step we need to take.
题中题 166
We become, and continue to be, successful, strong and healthy not when we've done it all, but when we still have more to do. We grow by improving our unfinished work, just like building with blocks(积木). We also improve ourselves. This is how we master a skill. When you almost reach a goal, it can help you achieve even bigger things later. Completion is a goal, but we hope it is never the end.
5. Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 1?
A. To prove the value of creativity in art.
B. To show the result of a wrong judgment.
C. To introduce a change in the opinion.
D. To stress the importance of a good neighbour.
6. What can we learn about success and mastery from the passage?
A. Knowing how little we know sets us on the path to mastery.
B. Success means going after excellence over and over again.
C. Most successes are driven by the Dunning-Kruger effect.
D. Mastery is all about making every effort to win in our lives.
7. Which of the following shows the effect of a near win?
A. A teacher, who kept encouraging students, received an honour.
B. A boxer, who lost a close match, trained harder than before.
C. A writer wrote a book and became famous overnight.
D. A scientist changed the research area after careful planning.
8. 语言能力 推断能力 What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To encourage people to be successful.
B. To introduce the benefits of having the right goal.
C. To compare different ways to deal with a near win.
D. To explain the true meaning of mastery.
答案
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,阐述了关于成功和精通的观点,指出成功是瞬间的,而精通是一个持续的过程。
5. C 解析:写作意图题。根据文章第一段“... my view of success and creativity changed. I realized that success is a moment ... that is, true creativity and mastery.”可知,作者在听到艺术家 Elizabeth Murray 讲述她早期作品的事情后,对成功和创造力的看法发生了改变,所以第一段的例子是为了引出作者观点的改变。故选 C。
6. A 解析:细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The near win is part of mastery because the better we get, the more we realize how much we still don't know. It's called the ‘Dunning-Kruger effect’. The Paris Review got it out of James Baldwin when they asked him, ‘What do you think increases with knowledge?’ and he said, ‘You learn how little you know.’”可知,我们越精通,就越意识到自己不知道的还有很多,了解自己知道得很少能让我们走上精通之路,即知道我们知道的很少能让我们走上精通之路。故选 A。
7. B 解析:推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The near win always drives us forward ... making us focus on the very next step we need to take.”以及第四段“the frustration silver medalists feel gives them greater focus for future competitions”可知,接近成功能推动我们前进,让我们更专注于下一步,比如银牌获得者会训练得更努力。B 选项“一个拳击手在一场势均力敌的比赛中输了,但比以前训练得更刻苦了”体现了接近成功带来的影响。故选 B。
8. D 解析:主旨大意题。文章开篇通过艺术家的事例引出对成功和精通的看法改变,接着通过弓箭手、奥运奖牌获得者等例子进一步阐述成功和精通的关系,强调接近成功的作用,最后总结指出精通的真正含义在于持续努力和不断进步,所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是解释精通的真正含义。故选 D。
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,阐述了关于成功和精通的观点,指出成功是瞬间的,而精通是一个持续的过程。
5. C 解析:写作意图题。根据文章第一段“... my view of success and creativity changed. I realized that success is a moment ... that is, true creativity and mastery.”可知,作者在听到艺术家 Elizabeth Murray 讲述她早期作品的事情后,对成功和创造力的看法发生了改变,所以第一段的例子是为了引出作者观点的改变。故选 C。
6. A 解析:细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The near win is part of mastery because the better we get, the more we realize how much we still don't know. It's called the ‘Dunning-Kruger effect’. The Paris Review got it out of James Baldwin when they asked him, ‘What do you think increases with knowledge?’ and he said, ‘You learn how little you know.’”可知,我们越精通,就越意识到自己不知道的还有很多,了解自己知道得很少能让我们走上精通之路,即知道我们知道的很少能让我们走上精通之路。故选 A。
7. B 解析:推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The near win always drives us forward ... making us focus on the very next step we need to take.”以及第四段“the frustration silver medalists feel gives them greater focus for future competitions”可知,接近成功能推动我们前进,让我们更专注于下一步,比如银牌获得者会训练得更努力。B 选项“一个拳击手在一场势均力敌的比赛中输了,但比以前训练得更刻苦了”体现了接近成功带来的影响。故选 B。
8. D 解析:主旨大意题。文章开篇通过艺术家的事例引出对成功和精通的看法改变,接着通过弓箭手、奥运奖牌获得者等例子进一步阐述成功和精通的关系,强调接近成功的作用,最后总结指出精通的真正含义在于持续努力和不断进步,所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是解释精通的真正含义。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇九年级议论文类阅读理解，4道题目分别对应写作意图、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意四类高频阅读考点。解题时首先通读全文，梳理行文逻辑：作者先借艺术家的经历引出自身对成功、精通的认知转变，再通过弓箭手、奥运奖牌得主的例子论证“近胜”的作用，最后点明精通的核心内涵。之后逐题回文定位对应原文内容，结合核心概念的差异逐一排除干扰项，即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
第5题：本题为写作意图题，定位第一段末尾内容“At that moment, my view of success and creativity changed. I realized that success is a moment, but what we are always celebrating is the lifelong effort to master a skill—that is, true creativity and mastery.”，作者讲述艺术家的事例，核心目的是引出自己对成功和创造力的观点发生了转变。A选项“证明艺术中创造力的价值”偏离段落核心，B选项“展示错误判断的结果”并非作者举例的意图，D选项“强调好邻居的重要性”完全不符合原文内容，因此选C。
第6题：本题为细节理解题，定位第三段内容“The near win is part of mastery because the better we get, the more we realize how much we still don't know... You learn how little you know.”，可知我们越接近精通，就越能意识到自身的认知边界，明白自己所知甚少恰恰能推动我们走上通往精通的道路。B选项表述错误，反复追求卓越是“精通”的特征而非“成功”；C选项表述错误，邓宁-克鲁格效应是用来解释“近胜属于精通的一部分”的原因，并非大多数成功由该效应驱动；D选项表述错误，精通是持续的成长旅程，并非“尽全力赢得人生”，因此选A。
第7题：本题为推理判断题，根据原文第四、五段内容可知，“近胜”指差一点达成目标的状态，它会带来的动力推动人更努力地朝着目标前进，就像获得银牌的选手会比铜牌选手更有动力备战后续赛事。B选项“一名拳击手在势均力敌的比赛中惜败，之后比之前训练得更刻苦”完全符合“近胜”带来的正向推动作用；A选项教师鼓励学生后获奖、C选项作家一夜成名、D选项科学家规划后更换研究方向，均不符合“近胜”的特征，因此选B。
第8题：本题为主旨大意题，全文围绕“成功是瞬间事件，精通是持续的成长旅程”的核心论点展开，通过多个事例层层论证，最终点明精通的真正内涵是永远在完善未完成的内容、持续进步，因此作者的写作目的是解释精通的真正含义。A选项“鼓励人们获得成功”偏离全文核心，B选项“介绍拥有正确目标的好处”并非文章论述重点，C选项“比较应对近胜的不同方式”无原文依据，因此选D。
【答案】
5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D
【知识点】
阅读理解写作意图，阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本题是典型的议论文类阅读考题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读最核心的四类题型，解题的关键是准确区分文中“成功”和“精通”两个核心概念的差异，顺着议论文“引论点-证论点-总结论点”的行文逻辑梳理内容，避免被局部细节误导，就能顺利排除干扰项得到正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇九年级议论文类阅读理解，4道题目分别对应写作意图、细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意四类高频阅读考点。解题时首先通读全文，梳理行文逻辑：作者先借艺术家的经历引出自身对成功、精通的认知转变，再通过弓箭手、奥运奖牌得主的例子论证“近胜”的作用，最后点明精通的核心内涵。之后逐题回文定位对应原文内容，结合核心概念的差异逐一排除干扰项，即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
第5题：本题为写作意图题，定位第一段末尾内容“At that moment, my view of success and creativity changed. I realized that success is a moment, but what we are always celebrating is the lifelong effort to master a skill—that is, true creativity and mastery.”，作者讲述艺术家的事例，核心目的是引出自己对成功和创造力的观点发生了转变。A选项“证明艺术中创造力的价值”偏离段落核心，B选项“展示错误判断的结果”并非作者举例的意图，D选项“强调好邻居的重要性”完全不符合原文内容，因此选C。
第6题：本题为细节理解题，定位第三段内容“The near win is part of mastery because the better we get, the more we realize how much we still don't know... You learn how little you know.”，可知我们越接近精通，就越能意识到自身的认知边界，明白自己所知甚少恰恰能推动我们走上通往精通的道路。B选项表述错误，反复追求卓越是“精通”的特征而非“成功”；C选项表述错误，邓宁-克鲁格效应是用来解释“近胜属于精通的一部分”的原因，并非大多数成功由该效应驱动；D选项表述错误，精通是持续的成长旅程，并非“尽全力赢得人生”，因此选A。
第7题：本题为推理判断题，根据原文第四、五段内容可知，“近胜”指差一点达成目标的状态，它会带来的动力推动人更努力地朝着目标前进，就像获得银牌的选手会比铜牌选手更有动力备战后续赛事。B选项“一名拳击手在势均力敌的比赛中惜败，之后比之前训练得更刻苦”完全符合“近胜”带来的正向推动作用；A选项教师鼓励学生后获奖、C选项作家一夜成名、D选项科学家规划后更换研究方向，均不符合“近胜”的特征，因此选B。
第8题：本题为主旨大意题，全文围绕“成功是瞬间事件，精通是持续的成长旅程”的核心论点展开，通过多个事例层层论证，最终点明精通的真正内涵是永远在完善未完成的内容、持续进步，因此作者的写作目的是解释精通的真正含义。A选项“鼓励人们获得成功”偏离全文核心，B选项“介绍拥有正确目标的好处”并非文章论述重点，C选项“比较应对近胜的不同方式”无原文依据，因此选D。
【答案】
5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D
【知识点】
阅读理解写作意图，阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本题是典型的议论文类阅读考题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读最核心的四类题型，解题的关键是准确区分文中“成功”和“精通”两个核心概念的差异，顺着议论文“引论点-证论点-总结论点”的行文逻辑梳理内容，避免被局部细节误导，就能顺利排除干扰项得到正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.6
