六、[传统文化]根据首字母提示完成短文。
孟母三迁
Once, there was a little boy called Meng Ke. His father passed away when he was little, so he lived along with his mother.
At first, they 1. l near a graveyard(墓地). The graveyard was always filled with a scary sense. Meng's mother thought to herself, “No, this is not the place to 2. r my child.” So the next day she packed the bags and left the graveyard with Meng Ke.
They moved to a 3. h next to a noisy market. People crowded the market, 4. c and bargaining(讨价还价), while vendors(小贩)shouted, trying to attract customers. Meng Ke saw this and pleased himself by acting 5. l a vendor. But his mother was very afraid and told herself, “No, this is certainly not the proper place to raise my child either.” So she 6. t Meng Ke away from the market at once.
At last, they settled down beside a 7. s. Every day Meng Ke watched the pupils. He imitated(模仿)their 8. p manners. He saw the students reading books and he did so as well. Soon he developed a great 9. i in looking for knowledge. His mother was pleased to see this.
So Meng Ke and his mother lived there for 10. y, and Meng Ke grew up to be a well-mannered, knowledgeable and wise man. Today we all know him as Mencius.

1. lived 2. raise 3. house 4. chatting 5. like 6. took 7. school 8. polite 9. interest 10. years

【分析】
这是结合传统文化典故“孟母三迁”的首字母填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，梳理清楚故事的整体脉络，明确全文讲述过去发生的故事，整体时态以一般过去时为主。接下来逐空结合上下文语境、首字母提示、固定搭配以及故事常识推导答案，同时要注意单词的正确形式变化，比如动词的过去式、现在分词，名词的单复数等，遇到不确定的空还可以结合前后文的重复提示信息辅助判断。
【解析】
1. 句意：起初，他们住在墓地附近。结合首字母l和语境表达“居住”的含义，故事发生在过去，用一般过去时，填lived。
2. 句意：这不是适合我养育孩子的地方。后文多次出现相同含义的表达raise my child，结合首字母r，不定式结构后接动词原形，填raise。
3. 句意：他们搬到了吵闹市场旁边的一所房子里。结合首字母h和语境表示居住的房屋，不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，填house。
4. 句意：市场里挤满了人，聊天、讨价还价，小贩们叫卖着吸引顾客。这里和bargaining并列，是现在分词作伴随状语，结合首字母c表示“聊天”，填chatting。
5. 句意：孟子看到这一幕，模仿小贩的样子取乐。固定搭配act like表示“表现得像、效仿”，结合首字母l，填like。
6. 句意：于是她立刻把孟子从市场带走了。固定搭配take away表示“带走”，故事为过去时态，take的过去式是took，结合首字母t，填took。
7. 句意：最后他们在一所学校旁边定居下来。后文提到每天孟子都观察学生，结合首字母s，填school。
8. 句意：他模仿他们有礼貌的举止。修饰名词manners需要用形容词，结合首字母p表示“有礼貌的”，填polite。
9. 句意：很快他就对探索知识产生了浓厚的兴趣。固定搭配develop a great interest in表示“对…产生浓厚兴趣”，结合首字母i，填interest。
10. 句意：所以孟子和他的母亲在那里住了很多年，孟子长大后成为了一个举止得体、知识渊博的智者。结合首字母y表示“年”，住了多年要用复数形式，填years。
【答案】
1. lived 2. raise 3. house 4. chatting 5. like 6. took 7. school 8. polite 9. interest 10. years
【知识点】
首字母短文填空
动词时态辨析
固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题依托传统经典故事“孟母三迁”命题，既考查学生对初中核心词汇、语法变形、固定搭配的掌握程度，也融入了传统文化知识的科普，大部分空可以结合故事常识和上下文提示轻松推导，仅伴随状语的现在分词形式需要学生留意非谓语的用法，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7

七、（2025·泰州期末）完形填空。
Once upon a time, there was a small village. People there didn't like to share.
One day, a(n) 1 traveller arrived. He was very 2 because he didn't have breakfast or lunch. He stopped at a house and 3 the door. An old man 4 the door. The traveller asked, “Could you give me something to eat?” But the old man said 5 to him.
Then the traveller had a(n) 6. He picked up a stone on the ground. He came back to the house and said, “Would you like to 7 stone soup? It's very delicious.” The old man was 8 and asked, “Stone soup? How?” The traveller said, “Just 9 me some hot water and a pot（锅）.” The old man gave him water and a pot 10. The traveller put the stone and water in the pot. “It's good,” he said. “But it will be more 11 if there is some salt.” The old man gave him some salt.
More villagers came. The traveller said, “If we have some 12, like carrots, it will be perfect.” A child ran home and 13 some carrots. Then the traveller said, “Some herbs（香草）would also be nice.” An old woman did it. When the soup was ready, the traveller gave a bowl of the stone soup to everyone. “Wonderful!” they cried with 14.
After that, they started to enjoy 15 with each other. The spirit went on spreading in this village.
1. A. brave
B. lazy
C. poor
D. honest
2. A. thirsty
B. hungry
C. tired
D. excited
3. A. looked at
B. pointed to
C. broke down
D. knocked on
4. A. opened
B. checked
C. broke
D. repaired
5. A. good
B. OK
C. no
D. hi
6. A. answer
B. idea
C. problem
D. difficulty
7. A. make
B. pour
C. try
D. prepare
8. A. surprised
B. wise
C. afraid
D. calm
9. A. sell
B. lend
C. pack
D. show
10. A. quietly
B. unhappily
C. unluckily
D. carefully
11. A. important
B. famous
C. different
D. delicious
12. A. meat
B. fruit
C. sugar
D. vegetables
13. A. brought
B. took
C. grew
D. ate
14. A. tears
B. fever
C. anger（怒火）
D. happiness
15. A. sharing
B. talking
C. playing
D. fighting

1. C 根据 he didn't have breakfast or lunch 可知，这个旅行者是贫穷的。 2. B 根据 he didn't have breakfast or lunch 可知，没吃早饭和午饭，说明他很饿。 3. D look at 看；point to 指向；break down 打破；knock on 敲。根据 the door 可知是去敲门。 4. A 前文提到旅行者敲门，故此处应是老人打开门。 5. C 根据“Could you give me something to eat?”及 But 可知，旅行者请求老人给他一些吃的，但是老人拒绝了他。 6. B 根据“He picked up a stone on the ground.”可知，旅行者想到了一个主意。 7. C 根据“It's very delicious.”可知，是邀请对方尝试石头汤。 8. A 根据“Stone soup? How?”可知，老人是感到惊讶的。 9. B 根据 some hot water and a pot 可知，是向对方借工具。 10. B 根据前文“People there didn't like to share.”可知，村里的人们不喜欢分享，因此是不高兴地把水和锅借给旅行者。 11. D 根据 if there is some salt 可知，往汤里加些盐会更美味。 12. D 根据 like carrots 可知，是指蔬菜。 13. A 根据“A child ran home and... some carrots.”可知，孩子跑回家带来了胡萝卜。 14. D 根据“Wonderful!”可知，汤尝起来很棒，人们应是喜极而泣。 15. A 根据全文内容可知，旅行者通过做石头汤让村里的人们学会了分享。

【分析】
做完形填空首先要通读全文梳理故事主线：这是一篇记叙文，讲述了不爱分享的小村庄里，一位旅行者用“石头汤”的巧妙方法，引导村民拿出各自食材共同做出美味的汤，最终让村民学会分享的故事。解题时不要孤立看单个句子，要优先找前后文给出的提示线索，结合词义辨析排除不符合语境的选项：比如第2空后文直接给出“没吃早饭和午饭”的提示，直接对应饥饿的状态；遇到动词类选项先辨析单词/短语含义，再匹配对应动作的场景，比如敲门的固定搭配knock on the door就能直接选出正确项。同时文中的转折词But、开篇给出的“村民不爱分享”的背景设定，都是解题的关键提示。
【解析】
1. 选C。后文提到旅行者没吃早饭和午饭，说明他处境窘迫，是贫穷的。brave勇敢的、lazy懒惰的、honest诚实的，都不符合后文提示。
2. 选B。根据“he didn't have breakfast or lunch”，没吃两顿饭对应的状态是饥饿的。thirsty口渴的、tired疲惫的、excited兴奋的，均不符合语境。
3. 选D。knock on the door是固定搭配，意为敲门。look at看、point to指向、break down打碎/出故障，都不符合旅行者停在住户家门前的动作场景。
4. 选A。前文旅行者敲门，对应老人做出的动作是打开门。check检查、break打碎、repair修理，都不符合逻辑。
5. 选C。旅行者请求给点吃的，句首有转折词But，说明老人拒绝了他，say no to sb.表示拒绝某人。good好的、OK好的、hi你好，都和转折逻辑矛盾。
6. 选B。后文旅行者想到用石头做汤的方法，说明他想出了一个主意。answer回答、problem问题、difficulty困难，都不符合语境。
7. 选C。旅行者说石头汤很美味，邀请老人来尝试石头汤。make制作、pour倒、prepare准备，都不符合此处旅行者邀请对方体验的语境。
8. 选A。老人从来没听过石头汤，还问“石头汤？怎么做？”，说明他非常惊讶。wise明智的、afraid害怕的、calm冷静的，都不符合老人的反应。
9. 选B。旅行者请老人借给他一些热水和锅。sell卖、pack打包、show展示，都不符合旅行者临时需要工具的场景，lend表示借出，符合语境。
10. 选B。前文明确提到这个村子的人都不爱分享，所以老人不情愿、不高兴地把水和锅给旅行者。quietly安静地、unluckily不幸地、carefully小心地，都不符合老人不情愿的状态。
11. 选D。旅行者说加一点盐的话，汤会更美味。important重要的、famous著名的、different不同的，都和汤的口感描述无关，delicious美味的对应前文提到的石头汤很美味的描述。
12. 选D。后文举的例子是胡萝卜，胡萝卜属于蔬菜，所以此处说如果有一些蔬菜就更完美了。meat肉、fruit水果、sugar糖，都不符合胡萝卜所属的类别。
13. 选A。小孩跑回家，然后把胡萝卜带过来。bring带来，take带走、grow种植、eat吃，都不符合小孩从家里取来胡萝卜送到这里的动作逻辑。
14. 选D。大家都喊“太棒了”，说明大家喝到美味的汤非常开心，带着喜悦的心情欢呼。tears眼泪、fever发烧、anger怒火，都不符合大家夸赞汤的愉悦状态。
15. 选A。整个故事的主旨就是旅行者教会了原本不爱分享的村民，之后大家开始享受互相分享的乐趣。talk交谈、play玩耍、fight打架，都不符合全文的核心主题。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.D 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A
【知识点】
动词短语辨析、语境逻辑推理、名词词义辨析
【点评】
这是一篇故事类记叙文完形填空，整体情节生动易懂，所有题目的线索都能在前后文中找到对应提示，没有设置偏难怪的词汇考点，适合基础阶段的学生练习。解题时要注意不要脱离全文的故事背景和核心主旨，学会主动抓取前后文的暗示信息，比如举例提示、转折词提示、前文给出的人物设定提示，就能轻松选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7