Passage 7
Paying for bus rides with plastic usually makes people think of plastic bus cards. 1
Surabaya, Indonesia's second largest city, located on the eastern end of the country's main island Java, made this decision in April 2018. Now, locals can pay for their bus rides by putting plastic cups or bottles directly on the bus. A two-hour bus ride costs 10 plastic cups or 5 bottles.
Indonesia is the second largest ocean plastic polluter, pouring up to 2.4 million tons of plastic waste into the oceans every year according to a report. 2 The head of Surabaya's transportation department(交通部门) hopes to raise public awareness about the environment, especially people's awareness about plastic waste with this decision.
Each city bus can collect up to 550 pounds of plastic bottles and cups every day. The collected bottles and cups are sold to recycling companies and the money goes towards running the bus companies and providing money for green spaces in the city. 3
The decision is part of the city's purpose to become plastic waste-free by 2020. In order to encourage local people to take buses, the city also added the new Suroboyo buses. The new buses are air-conditioned, comfortable and easy for elderly and disabled passengers to get on and off.
4 People in Surabaya can reduce waste because they can just bring it in and make good use of it, so it doesn't pile up at home. It is a win-win situation.
This type of programme can be a model for other cities worldwide and encourage citizens to recycle their plastic waste.
A. The programme is well received.
B. This is certainly turning rubbish into a national treasure.
C. Local people not only recycle things, but also reuse them.
D. The city buses have earned a lot of money because of the programme.
E. In Surabaya alone, nearly 400 tons of plastic waste are produced every day.
F. But one Indonesian city has decided to accept plastic recyclable waste instead of money for city buses.

1.F 2.E 3.B 4.A

【分析】
这是一篇语篇阅读还原类题目，解题时按照“先明确全文主旨，再逐空瞻前顾后匹配逻辑”的思路推进：首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍印尼泗水市推出的用可回收塑料垃圾抵扣公交车费的环保创新举措；之后逐个梳理每个空格的前后文逻辑关联：第1空前文介绍大众对“用塑料付公交费”的常规认知是塑料公交卡，后文直接引出泗水的特殊付费政策，需要转折句引出打破常规的新做法；第2空前文给出印尼全国的海洋塑料污染体量数据，后文介绍当地推出政策提升公众环保意识，中间需要补充泗水本地的塑料垃圾现状，让政策推出的背景更合理；第3空前文说明收集的塑料会卖给回收公司，所得资金用于公交运营和城市绿地建设，刚好对应变废为宝的逻辑；第4空后文介绍居民可以借此减少垃圾囤积、实现双赢，是项目落地后的正向反馈，对应项目广受认可的内容，逐一匹配选项验证即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文提到大众常规认知里用塑料支付公交费就是使用塑料公交卡，后文开始介绍印尼泗水市允许直接用塑料杯、塑料瓶支付车费的特殊政策，F选项“But one Indonesian city has decided to accept plastic recyclable waste instead of money for city buses.”用转折逻辑引出这个打破常规的新举措，完美承上启下，适配第1空。
2. 空2：前文给出印尼全国每年向海洋排放最多240万吨塑料垃圾的污染数据，后文介绍当地交通部门希望通过该政策提升公众的环保意识，E选项“In Surabaya alone, nearly 400 tons of plastic waste are produced every day.”给出泗水本地的塑料垃圾日产量数据，承接前文的全国污染情况，说明当地推出环保政策的迫切性，适配第2空。
3. 空3：前文提到收集到的塑料瓶杯会卖给回收公司，所得资金用于公交运营和城市绿地建设，B选项“This is certainly turning rubbish into a national treasure.”精准总结了把废弃塑料转化为可用公共资源的行为，承上总结该模式的核心优势，适配第3空。
4. 空4：后文提到居民可以借此减少垃圾囤积在家的情况，实现双赢的效果，是对该政策落地后的正面评价，A选项“The programme is well received.”总起说明该项目广受好评，引出后文的民众正向反馈，适配第4空。
【答案】
1.F 2.E 3.B 4.A
【知识点】
阅读还原七选五，上下文逻辑推理，语篇细节匹配
【点评】
本题围绕环保热点话题设题，属于典型的初中英语阅读还原题型，解题核心是抓住前后文的转折、承接、总结类逻辑线索，不需要复杂的长难句分析，重点考察学生对语篇行文逻辑的把控能力，干扰选项区分度较高，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7

Passage 8
Good friendships improve all parts of our life, reducing stress, providing comfort and joy, improving health, and preventing loneliness. Friendship is a two-way street.
Being a good friend to others brings us all of the above advantages. 1 However, your old friendships may simply change over time as interests and situations in your life change. So friendships take time to form and take even more time and effort to deepen. Here are steps that can help you be a good friend and keep your friendships growing.
Be the friend that you would like to have. 2 Be reliable(可靠的), thoughtful, trustworthy, and willing to share yourself and your time.
Invest(投入) in the friendship. No friendship will develop without regular attention. Find things you enjoy doing with your friend and devote time to doing them, even when you're busy or stressed.
3 Don't be too dependent or needy. Don't set too many expectations. Be sure not to abuse your friend's generosity. Everyone is unique. Everyone needs to be alone and spend time with other people as well.
Be forgiving(原谅). 4 You should learn to forgive others. So when your friends do something wrong, don't keep blaming them. Try to find a way to get over the problem and move on. It will often deepen the friendship between you.
A. Give your friend enough space.
B. Sometimes things don't go exactly as you expect.
C. Treat your friends just as you want them to treat you.
D. No one is perfect and every friend will make mistakes.
E. Good friends don't require you to always agree with them.
F. It also makes you feel needed and adds purpose to your life.

1.F 2.C 3.A 4.D

【分析】
这是一篇介绍维系友谊方法的说明文类阅读补全题，解题时可以按照先通读全文把握行文核心脉络，再逐空定位前后文逻辑线索，匹配语义契合选项的思路推进：首先通读全文明确文章主题是分享当好朋友、维持友谊成长的实用方法；之后逐个分析空缺的语境逻辑：第1空前文刚提到对他人做一个好朋友能收获前文列举的所有友谊相关的益处，空缺处需要延续“当好朋友的好处”的语义；第2空前文的主旨句是“成为你自己想要拥有的那种朋友”，空缺处需要对这句话做进一步的阐释；第3空位于段首，是该段的总起主旨句，后文提到不要过度依赖朋友、每个人都需要独处时间，核心指向要给朋友留出私人空间；第4空前文点明交友要学会原谅，后文提到朋友做错事不要一直指责，空缺处需要补充原谅朋友的合理原因，最后匹配对应语义的选项即可得到正确结果。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文指出对他人当好朋友可以获得前文列举的所有友谊带来的益处，F选项“它也会让你感到被需要，为你的生活增添意义”是对当好朋友的益处的补充延伸，前后语义衔接自然，故选F。
2. 第2空：前文主旨句“成为你自己想要拥有的那种朋友”，C选项“用你期望朋友对待你的方式来对待你的朋友”是对该主旨句的同义转述，和后文列举的可靠、体贴等交友准则逻辑完全呼应，故选C。
3. 第3空：后文提到不要过度依赖朋友、不要给朋友设置过高期待、每个人都需要独处和和他人相处的时间，A选项“给你的朋友足够的空间”精准概括了该段的核心主旨，作为段首总起句完全契合语境，故选A。
4. 第4空：前文点明交友要秉持原谅的原则，后文提到朋友犯错时不要一直指责，D选项“没有人是完美的，每个朋友都会犯错”刚好解释了我们需要原谅朋友的原因，前后语义连贯顺畅，故选D。
【答案】1.F 2.C 3.A 4.D
【知识点】阅读补全，逻辑语义衔接，说明文主旨把握
【点评】本题是典型的说明文类阅读补全题型，行文线索清晰，干扰项迷惑性较低，解题核心是抓住每个空缺前后的语义关联，重点关注段首主旨句和段中细节的呼应关系，就能快速排除无关选项锁定正确答案。
【难度系数】0.7