2026年精英新课堂七年级数学上册人教版第38页答案
1. 用简便方法计算:
(1) $-(\dfrac{2}{13}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6})×78$;
(2) $(1\dfrac{1}{2}-2\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{13}{14})×(-42)$;
(3) $(-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3})×|-24|-\dfrac{5}{4}×(-2.5)×(-8)$。

答案

(1) 原式$=-\dfrac{2}{13}×78+\dfrac{1}{3}×78+\dfrac{1}{6}×78=-12+26+13=27$。(2) 原式$=\dfrac{3}{2}×(-42)-\dfrac{7}{3}×(-42)+\dfrac{13}{14}×(-42)=-63+98-39=-4$。(3) 原式$=(-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3})×24-\dfrac{5}{4}×\dfrac{5}{2}×8=-\dfrac{1}{4}×24-\dfrac{1}{2}×24+\dfrac{2}{3}×24-25=-6-12+16-25=-27$。
(二)先变形再运用分配律
2. 用简便方法计算:
(1) $19\frac{17}{18}×18$;
(2) $(-99)×999$;
(3) $100.25×(-\frac{4}{5})$。

答案

(1) 原式$=(20-\dfrac{1}{18})×18=20×18-\dfrac{1}{18}×18=360-1=359$。(2) 原式$=(1-100)×999=999-100×999=999-99900=-98901$。(3) 原式$=(100+\dfrac{1}{4})×(-\dfrac{4}{5})=-100×\dfrac{4}{5}-\dfrac{1}{4}×\dfrac{4}{5}=-80-\dfrac{1}{5}=-80\dfrac{1}{5}$。
3. 用简便方法计算:
(1) $25×\frac{3}{4}-(-25)×\frac{1}{2}+25×\frac{1}{4}$;
(2) $48×75\%+53×\frac{3}{4}-0.75$;
(3) $2.1×9\frac{4}{7}+1\frac{3}{4}×(-5)+2.1×\frac{3}{7}+\frac{1}{4}×(-5)$;
(4) $(-\frac{5}{12}-\frac{1}{24}-\frac{5}{6})×(24×\frac{5}{9}-24×\frac{2}{9}+24×\frac{2}{3})$。

答案

(1) 原式$=25×\dfrac{3}{4}+25×\dfrac{1}{2}+25×\dfrac{1}{4}=25×(\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4})=25×\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{75}{2}$。(2) 原式$=48×\dfrac{3}{4}+53×\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}×(48+53-1)=\dfrac{3}{4}×100=75$。(3) 原式$=2.1×(9\dfrac{4}{7}+\dfrac{3}{7})+(-5)×(1\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4})=2.1×10-5×2=21-10=11$。(4) 原式$=-(\dfrac{5}{12}+\dfrac{1}{24}+\dfrac{5}{6})×24×(\dfrac{5}{9}-\dfrac{2}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3})=-(\dfrac{5}{12}×24+\dfrac{1}{24}×24+\dfrac{5}{6}×24)×1=-(10+1+20)×1=-31$。