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五、词汇运用(本题有15小题,每小题1分,共计15分)
A. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次。
$\boxed{\mathrm{by no means}\quad \mathrm{dinosaur}\quad \mathrm{feather}\quad \mathrm{react}\quad \mathrm{endless}}$
For our science class, we visited a local museum. The guide first showed us models of $\underline{51}$ . Some were tall, others were small, which surprised us a lot. Next, she took a real $\underline{52}$ from a glass box and said it was from a bird that lived long ago. Then, we watched a video about how chemicals $\underline{53}$ with water to make bubbles—just like our class experiments. “This experiment is $\underline{54}$ dangerous,” the guide smiled. “You can try it with your teacher.” Before leaving, we saw a wall full of $\underline{55}$ animal photos. We spent 20 minutes looking at them. Later, we all said the trip made science fun.
A. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次。
$\boxed{\mathrm{by no means}\quad \mathrm{dinosaur}\quad \mathrm{feather}\quad \mathrm{react}\quad \mathrm{endless}}$
For our science class, we visited a local museum. The guide first showed us models of $\underline{51}$ . Some were tall, others were small, which surprised us a lot. Next, she took a real $\underline{52}$ from a glass box and said it was from a bird that lived long ago. Then, we watched a video about how chemicals $\underline{53}$ with water to make bubbles—just like our class experiments. “This experiment is $\underline{54}$ dangerous,” the guide smiled. “You can try it with your teacher.” Before leaving, we saw a wall full of $\underline{55}$ animal photos. We spent 20 minutes looking at them. Later, we all said the trip made science fun.
答案
51. dinosaurs 52. feather 53. reacted 54. by no means 55. endless
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，理解短文讲述的是一次参观博物馆的科学课经历。解题时需结合每个空的上下文语境、语法规则（如名词单复数、动词时态、词性搭配），从方框内的五个词语中选择合适的词，并根据需要调整形式。
【解析】
51. 句意：导游先给我们看恐龙的模型。model为复数，此处表示“恐龙”这类事物，需用名词复数形式，故填dinosaurs。
52. 句意：接下来，她从玻璃盒里拿出一根真正的羽毛，说它来自很久以前的一种鸟。a后接单数可数名词，结合“from a bird”可知填feather。
53. 句意：然后我们看了一段关于化学物质如何与水反应产生气泡的视频。主句为过去式（watched），从句描述过去发生的动作，动词需用过去式，react的过去式为reacted，故填reacted。
54. 句意：“这个实验绝不危险，”导游笑着说。by no means是固定短语，意为“绝不”，可修饰形容词dangerous，符合语境，故填by no means。
55. 句意：离开前，我们看到一整面墙的无尽的动物照片。此处需形容词修饰名词photos，endless为形容词，意为“无尽的”，符合“花20分钟看”的语境，故填endless。
【答案】
51. dinosaurs 52. feather 53. reacted 54. by no means 55. endless
【知识点】
词汇适当形式填空、固定短语运用、名词单复数
【点评】
本题为初中阶段基础词汇运用题，侧重考查学生对词义的理解、词性判断及语法变形能力，需结合上下文语境和语法规则解题，整体难度适中，大部分学生可完成。
【难度系数】
0.7
首先通读全文，理解短文讲述的是一次参观博物馆的科学课经历。解题时需结合每个空的上下文语境、语法规则（如名词单复数、动词时态、词性搭配），从方框内的五个词语中选择合适的词，并根据需要调整形式。
【解析】
51. 句意：导游先给我们看恐龙的模型。model为复数，此处表示“恐龙”这类事物，需用名词复数形式，故填dinosaurs。
52. 句意：接下来，她从玻璃盒里拿出一根真正的羽毛，说它来自很久以前的一种鸟。a后接单数可数名词，结合“from a bird”可知填feather。
53. 句意：然后我们看了一段关于化学物质如何与水反应产生气泡的视频。主句为过去式（watched），从句描述过去发生的动作，动词需用过去式，react的过去式为reacted，故填reacted。
54. 句意：“这个实验绝不危险，”导游笑着说。by no means是固定短语，意为“绝不”，可修饰形容词dangerous，符合语境，故填by no means。
55. 句意：离开前，我们看到一整面墙的无尽的动物照片。此处需形容词修饰名词photos，endless为形容词，意为“无尽的”，符合“花20分钟看”的语境，故填endless。
【答案】
51. dinosaurs 52. feather 53. reacted 54. by no means 55. endless
【知识点】
词汇适当形式填空、固定短语运用、名词单复数
【点评】
本题为初中阶段基础词汇运用题，侧重考查学生对词义的理解、词性判断及语法变形能力，需结合上下文语境和语法规则解题，整体难度适中，大部分学生可完成。
【难度系数】
0.7
B. 阅读下面的短文,根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空限填一词)。
In a small town, there was a museum few people visited. One day, a new exhibition opened, and everyone was curious. The first thing visitors saw was a huge piece of 56 (琥珀) with a small insect inside. Next to it, a poster explained the 57 (要点) of protecting ancient fossils. A guide said they could tell stories from millions of years ago. In another room, a short film showed 58 (“蜘蛛人”) cleaning windows of tall buildings. People were amazed by their courage. Outside, local farmers set up a small 59 (市场) selling fresh vegetables and crafts.
Back inside, a heated discussion broke out. There was much 60 (意见不合) about which exhibit was the most valuable. To solve it, the director suggested they 61 (投票) for their favourite. The person who guessed the dinosaur fossil's age won a prize. That's a book about 62 (未知的) species. During the game, one boy felt so nervous that his face turned 63 (苍白的). His friends encouraged him until he felt better. Near the exit, a sign asked visitors to 64 (使充电) their phones before leaving so they could share photos online. On the way out, I noticed a visitor who could 65 (几乎不) walk because he carried too many souvenirs. Some volunteers helped him.
It was clear that with hard work and teamwork, even a small museum could become a lively place.
In a small town, there was a museum few people visited. One day, a new exhibition opened, and everyone was curious. The first thing visitors saw was a huge piece of 56 (琥珀) with a small insect inside. Next to it, a poster explained the 57 (要点) of protecting ancient fossils. A guide said they could tell stories from millions of years ago. In another room, a short film showed 58 (“蜘蛛人”) cleaning windows of tall buildings. People were amazed by their courage. Outside, local farmers set up a small 59 (市场) selling fresh vegetables and crafts.
Back inside, a heated discussion broke out. There was much 60 (意见不合) about which exhibit was the most valuable. To solve it, the director suggested they 61 (投票) for their favourite. The person who guessed the dinosaur fossil's age won a prize. That's a book about 62 (未知的) species. During the game, one boy felt so nervous that his face turned 63 (苍白的). His friends encouraged him until he felt better. Near the exit, a sign asked visitors to 64 (使充电) their phones before leaving so they could share photos online. On the way out, I noticed a visitor who could 65 (几乎不) walk because he carried too many souvenirs. Some volunteers helped him.
It was clear that with hard work and teamwork, even a small museum could become a lively place.
答案
56. amber 57. points 58. spidermen 59. market 60. disagreement 61. vote 62. unknown 63. pale 64. charge 65. hardly
解析
【分析】
本题为根据汉语提示填写单词正确形式的题型，解题思路是：先结合句子语境理解所需单词的含义，再根据单词在句中的词性、数的变化（如名词单复数）、动词形式（如原形）等要求，确定单词的正确形式。
【解析】
56. 句意：游客首先看到的是一块内部有小昆虫的巨大琥珀。“琥珀”对应的英文名词为amber，符合语境，故填amber。
57. 句意：旁边的海报解释了保护古代化石的要点。“要点”对应名词point，此处指多个要点，需用复数形式points，故填points。
58. 句意：在另一个房间，短片展示了“蜘蛛人”清洁高楼窗户。“蜘蛛人”的复数形式为spidermen，故填spidermen。
59. 句意：外面，当地农民设立了售卖新鲜蔬菜和手工艺品的小市场。“市场”对应名词market，用单数形式即可，故填market。
60. 句意：关于哪个展品最有价值存在很多意见不合。“意见不合”对应不可数名词disagreement，故填disagreement。
61. 句意：为解决问题，馆长建议他们投票选最喜欢的展品。“投票”对应动词vote，suggest后接(should)+动词原形，故填vote。
62. 句意：那是一本关于未知物种的书。“未知的”对应形容词unknown，修饰名词species，故填unknown。
63. 句意：比赛中，一个男孩紧张得脸色变得苍白。“苍白的”对应形容词pale，故填pale。
64. 句意：出口附近的标志要求游客离开前给手机充电。“使充电”对应动词charge，ask sb to do sth结构需用动词原形，故填charge。
65. 句意：出去路上，我注意到一个游客几乎不能走路，因为带了太多纪念品。“几乎不”对应副词hardly，故填hardly。
【答案】
56. amber 57. points 58. spidermen 59. market 60. disagreement 61. vote 62. unknown 63. pale 64. charge 65. hardly
【知识点】
单词拼写、名词单复数、动词形式
【点评】
本题为基础单词拼写题，结合语境考查核心词汇的运用，需注意名词单复数、动词原形等形式变化，侧重学生对基础词汇的掌握能力。
【难度系数】
0.3
本题为根据汉语提示填写单词正确形式的题型，解题思路是：先结合句子语境理解所需单词的含义，再根据单词在句中的词性、数的变化（如名词单复数）、动词形式（如原形）等要求，确定单词的正确形式。
【解析】
56. 句意：游客首先看到的是一块内部有小昆虫的巨大琥珀。“琥珀”对应的英文名词为amber，符合语境，故填amber。
57. 句意：旁边的海报解释了保护古代化石的要点。“要点”对应名词point，此处指多个要点，需用复数形式points，故填points。
58. 句意：在另一个房间，短片展示了“蜘蛛人”清洁高楼窗户。“蜘蛛人”的复数形式为spidermen，故填spidermen。
59. 句意：外面，当地农民设立了售卖新鲜蔬菜和手工艺品的小市场。“市场”对应名词market，用单数形式即可，故填market。
60. 句意：关于哪个展品最有价值存在很多意见不合。“意见不合”对应不可数名词disagreement，故填disagreement。
61. 句意：为解决问题，馆长建议他们投票选最喜欢的展品。“投票”对应动词vote，suggest后接(should)+动词原形，故填vote。
62. 句意：那是一本关于未知物种的书。“未知的”对应形容词unknown，修饰名词species，故填unknown。
63. 句意：比赛中，一个男孩紧张得脸色变得苍白。“苍白的”对应形容词pale，故填pale。
64. 句意：出口附近的标志要求游客离开前给手机充电。“使充电”对应动词charge，ask sb to do sth结构需用动词原形，故填charge。
65. 句意：出去路上，我注意到一个游客几乎不能走路，因为带了太多纪念品。“几乎不”对应副词hardly，故填hardly。
【答案】
56. amber 57. points 58. spidermen 59. market 60. disagreement 61. vote 62. unknown 63. pale 64. charge 65. hardly
【知识点】
单词拼写、名词单复数、动词形式
【点评】
本题为基础单词拼写题，结合语境考查核心词汇的运用，需注意名词单复数、动词原形等形式变化，侧重学生对基础词汇的掌握能力。
【难度系数】
0.3
六、语法填空(本题有10小题,每小题1分,共计10分)(真题·台州温岭)
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Flying to the moon has been a Chinese dream for $\underline{66}$ (thousand) of years. Professor Ye Shuhua, one of the key scientists working at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory for nearly half a century, thinks China's lunar project is $\underline{67}$ (excite) news for the country's space industry (产业). "For our astronomers, the moon is an ideal place $\underline{68}$ (go)," Ye said.
Dreams of flying to the moon have deep roots in Chinese culture. According to $\underline{69}$ ancient story, Chang'e was a fairy(仙女) who took a special drink that let $\underline{70}$ (she) fly to the moon. The dream has already $\underline{71}$ (come) true for U. S. astronauts, but it will take China $\underline{72}$ least ten years to land astronauts there.
The project has helped the public understand the space programme and learn more about the moon, $\underline{73}$ (especial) among young people. A visitor said, "The moon is a satellite(卫星) of the earth. There are millions of pits on its surface."Another visitor added, "The moon is beautiful and it's the $\underline{74}$ (close) body to the earth. That's $\underline{75}$ people want to land on it."
For children, learning about space is fun. But for scientists like Ye Shuhua, the lunar project is only the beginning. "Landing on the moon will be a task for today's young people, not for me. But I hope to watch the news when our astronauts finally land there," Ye said.
阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Flying to the moon has been a Chinese dream for $\underline{66}$ (thousand) of years. Professor Ye Shuhua, one of the key scientists working at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory for nearly half a century, thinks China's lunar project is $\underline{67}$ (excite) news for the country's space industry (产业). "For our astronomers, the moon is an ideal place $\underline{68}$ (go)," Ye said.
Dreams of flying to the moon have deep roots in Chinese culture. According to $\underline{69}$ ancient story, Chang'e was a fairy(仙女) who took a special drink that let $\underline{70}$ (she) fly to the moon. The dream has already $\underline{71}$ (come) true for U. S. astronauts, but it will take China $\underline{72}$ least ten years to land astronauts there.
The project has helped the public understand the space programme and learn more about the moon, $\underline{73}$ (especial) among young people. A visitor said, "The moon is a satellite(卫星) of the earth. There are millions of pits on its surface."Another visitor added, "The moon is beautiful and it's the $\underline{74}$ (close) body to the earth. That's $\underline{75}$ people want to land on it."
For children, learning about space is fun. But for scientists like Ye Shuhua, the lunar project is only the beginning. "Landing on the moon will be a task for today's young people, not for me. But I hope to watch the news when our astronauts finally land there," Ye said.
答案
66. thousands 67. exciting 68. to go 69. an 70. her 71. come 72. at 73. especially 74. closest 75. why
解析
【分析】
本题为语法填空，需根据句子结构、固定搭配、词形变化、语法规则等逐一填空。解题思路：先通读短文理解大意，再针对每个空格分析考点：66题考查固定搭配；67题考查形容词修饰名词；68题考查不定式作定语；69题考查冠词用法；70题考查代词宾格；71题考查现在完成时；72题考查固定搭配；73题考查副词修饰介词短语；74题考查形容词最高级；75题考查表语从句引导词。
【解析】
66. 固定搭配thousands of表示“数千的”，故填thousands；
67. 修饰名词news需用形容词，exciting意为“令人兴奋的”，修饰事物，故填exciting；
68. 不定式作后置定语修饰名词place，表“去月球的地方”，故填to go；
69. ancient以元音音素开头，泛指“一个古老的故事”，用不定冠词an，故填an；
70. 动词let后接人称代词宾格，she的宾格是her，故填her；
71. 现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，come的过去分词是come，故填come；
72. 固定搭配at least表示“至少”，故填at；
73. 需用副词修饰介词短语among young people，especial的副词形式是especially，故填especially；
74. 定冠词the后用形容词最高级，close的最高级是closest，故填closest；
75. 表语从句中表示“……的原因”，用why引导，故填why。
【答案】
66. thousands 67. exciting 68. to go 69. an 70. her 71. come 72. at 73. especially 74. closest 75. why
【知识点】
固定搭配、形容词用法、非谓语动词、冠词、代词、现在完成时、副词、形容词最高级、表语从句
【点评】
本题围绕中国探月主题，考查初中英语核心语法点，涵盖固定搭配、词形变化、各类从句等，需学生掌握基础语法规则并结合语境灵活运用，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为语法填空，需根据句子结构、固定搭配、词形变化、语法规则等逐一填空。解题思路：先通读短文理解大意，再针对每个空格分析考点：66题考查固定搭配；67题考查形容词修饰名词；68题考查不定式作定语；69题考查冠词用法；70题考查代词宾格；71题考查现在完成时；72题考查固定搭配；73题考查副词修饰介词短语；74题考查形容词最高级；75题考查表语从句引导词。
【解析】
66. 固定搭配thousands of表示“数千的”，故填thousands；
67. 修饰名词news需用形容词，exciting意为“令人兴奋的”，修饰事物，故填exciting；
68. 不定式作后置定语修饰名词place，表“去月球的地方”，故填to go；
69. ancient以元音音素开头，泛指“一个古老的故事”，用不定冠词an，故填an；
70. 动词let后接人称代词宾格，she的宾格是her，故填her；
71. 现在完成时结构为have/has+过去分词，come的过去分词是come，故填come；
72. 固定搭配at least表示“至少”，故填at；
73. 需用副词修饰介词短语among young people，especial的副词形式是especially，故填especially；
74. 定冠词the后用形容词最高级，close的最高级是closest，故填closest；
75. 表语从句中表示“……的原因”，用why引导，故填why。
【答案】
66. thousands 67. exciting 68. to go 69. an 70. her 71. come 72. at 73. especially 74. closest 75. why
【知识点】
固定搭配、形容词用法、非谓语动词、冠词、代词、现在完成时、副词、形容词最高级、表语从句
【点评】
本题围绕中国探月主题，考查初中英语核心语法点，涵盖固定搭配、词形变化、各类从句等，需学生掌握基础语法规则并结合语境灵活运用，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
