一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子
1. (环境保护)We should take measures to stop the air from being p.
2. T the package tightly before you send it.
3. He drives a (卡车) for a living.
4. I buy a new (牙刷) every three months.

1. polluted 2. Tie 3. truck 4. toothbrush

【分析】
本题为根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子，需结合句子语境、首字母提示或汉语意思，填写正确形式的单词。解题时先通读句子理解句意，再根据提示匹配对应英语词汇，同时注意单词的正确形式（如被动语态、祈使句等）。
【解析】
1. 句意：我们应采取措施阻止空气被污染。结合首字母p及语境，此处表示“污染”，air与pollute是被动关系，用过去分词polluted构成被动语态。
2. 句意：寄包裹前把它紧紧系好。此句为祈使句，以动词原形开头，结合首字母T填Tie。
3. 句意：他以开卡车为生。汉语提示“卡车”对应英语单词truck，直接填写。
4. 句意：我每三个月买一把新牙刷。汉语提示“牙刷”对应英语单词toothbrush，直接填写。
【答案】
1. polluted 2. Tie 3. truck 4. toothbrush
【知识点】
词汇运用；根据首字母/汉语提示填空
【点评】
本题考查英语基础核心词汇的运用，属于常见基础题型，侧重词汇拼写与语境匹配，难度较低，适合巩固英语基础。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空(其中有一个是多余的)
wise fill easy electric pollute
1. Planning ahead makes the work .
2. Think before you make a big decision.
3. (易错题)Please tell the students not to forget to pass the products to the teachers before the exam.
4. up the car with petrol before you go to the supermarket.

1. easier 2. wisely 3. electronic 4. Fill
易错警示
3. electronic表示“电子的”，与products构成electronic products，为固定短语。electric表示“通电的，电动的”，electrical表示“与电有关的，发电的”。

【分析】先通读句子理解句意，分析每个空格所需的词性（形容词、副词、动词原形等），结合方框内单词进行适当变形，同时注意固定搭配和易混词（如electric与electronic）的区别，完成填空。
【解析】1. 句意为“提前规划让工作更容易”，make sth + 形容词（比较级）结构，easy的比较级为easier，故填easier；2. 修饰动词think需用副词，wise的副词形式是wisely，故填wisely；3. 修饰名词products需用形容词，electronic products是固定短语“电子产品”，符合语境，故填electronic；4. 祈使句用动词原形，fill up是固定搭配“装满”，句首首字母大写，故填Fill。
【答案】1. easier 2. wisely 3. electronic 4. Fill
【知识点】形容词比较级、副词的用法、固定短语搭配
【点评】本题考查单词适当形式填空，需结合句意判断词性，注意易混形容词的区别及祈使句、比较级的用法，是基础题型，需细心作答。
【难度系数】0.5

三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 塑料废弃物对海洋环境极为有害。
Plastic waste is terribly the ocean environment.
2. 他最近有许多压力要应对。
He has much pressure to recently.
3. 焚烧垃圾会造成空气污染。
Burning waste will .
4. (环境保护)一个塑料袋需要大约450年才能降解，所以我们应该改用布袋。
It takes about 450 years for a plastic bag to , so we should use cloth bags instead.

1. harmful to 2. deal with 3. cause air pollution 4. break down

【分析】
解答此类根据汉语提示完成句子的题目，需先明确每个句子的汉语含义，再回忆对应的英语固定短语，同时注意动词的形式（如不定式to后接动词原形、will后接动词原形等），结合语境选择正确的短语填空。
【解析】
1. 汉语提示“对...有害”对应的英语固定搭配为be harmful to，故填harmful to；
2. 汉语提示“应对（压力）”对应的英语固定短语为deal with，此处不定式作定语修饰pressure，to后接动词原形，故填deal with；
3. 汉语提示“造成空气污染”对应的英语表达为cause air pollution，will后接动词原形，故填cause air pollution；
4. 汉语提示“（塑料）降解”对应的英语固定短语为break down，此处不定式作真正主语，to后接动词原形，故填break down；
【答案】
1. harmful to 2. deal with 3. cause air pollution 4. break down
【知识点】
英语固定搭配、动词短语
【点评】
本题考查初中英语常用的固定短语，属于基础题型，主要检验学生对常见动词短语和介词短语的积累情况，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

四、语法填空

Air pollution, as we know it today, started with the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century. In the last few decades, it 1. (become) a serious problem for our environment.
2. harmful elements get into the air, they may cause health problems and can also damage the environment, buildings and soil. They make the ozone layer(臭氧层) much thinner and the climate more 3. (change).
Our modern lifestyle has led 4. dirtier air over the years. Factories, all kinds of vehicles and the growing number of people are the things that are responsible for air pollution today. But not all air pollution is caused by people. Smog(雾霾), forest fires, dust storms and volcanic eruptions can also lead to the 5. (pollute) of the atmosphere.
Smog is a mixture of smoke and fog. It occurs when 6. (gas) from fuel get together with fog on the ground. When heat
and sunlight get together with these gases, they form dangerous particles(颗粒) in the air. Smog occurs in big cities with a lot of traffic, 7. (especial) in the summer time. When it is very hot, smog stays near the ground. It causes lung diseases and breathing problems and in smog areas, we can't see well.
Today, cities with 8. large population have the biggest smog problems—Los Angeles, Mexico City or Cairo. The smog often stays over the cities for many days. 9. (thousand) of people die in London every year.
A lot of measures have been taken to prevent smog so far. Drivers are not allowed 10. (drive) on smog days in some cities. Factories use coal that doesn't have much sulfur(硫磺) in it. So cars are much environmentally-friendly today.

1. has become 2. When 3. changeable 4. to 5. pollution 6. gases 7. especially 8. a 9. Thousands 10. to drive

【分析】
本题为环境保护主题的语法填空题，需结合语境、语法规则（时态、词性转换、固定搭配、连词、冠词等）逐一解题。各空思考方向：1. 根据时间状语判断时态；2. 选择引导时间状语从句的连词；3. 依据“make+宾语+形容词”结构转换词性；4. 识别固定搭配；5. 转换为名词作定语；6. 可数名词复数变形；7. 副词修饰短语；8. 固定冠词搭配；9. 固定数词短语；10. 固定不定式搭配。
【解析】
1. 时间状语“In the last few decades”是现在完成时的标志，主语为it，故填has become。
2. 此处引导时间状语从句，表“当……时”，填When。
3. “make+宾语+形容词”结构，需用change的形容词形式changeable，故填changeable。
4. 固定短语lead to意为“导致”，填介词to。
5. 定冠词the后需接名词，pollute的名词形式为pollution，填pollution。
6. gas为可数名词，此处指多种气体，用复数gases。
7. 修饰介词短语需用副词，especial的副词是especially，填especially。
8. 固定搭配a large population意为“大量人口”，填a。
9. 固定短语thousands of意为“成千上万的”，句首大写，填Thousands。
10. 固定搭配be allowed to do sth意为“被允许做某事”，填to drive。
【答案】
1. has become 2. When 3. changeable 4. to 5. pollution 6. gases 7. especially 8. a 9. Thousands 10. to drive
【知识点】
现在完成时、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题围绕环境污染主题，考察初中核心语法知识，注重语境与语法的结合，是典型的语法填空练习题，有助于巩固基础语法运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.3