七、任务型阅读
自然灾难破坏力巨大，但又无法避免，灾难来临时我们该如何逃生呢？我们一起看看下文了解一下吧！
精题详解
字数：264 体裁：说明文 核心素养：思维品质
话题：应对灾难方法 难度：中 建议用时：6分钟
When disaster（灾难）happens, you might find yourself without water, gas and electricity. You might even need to leave your home right away. So you are supposed to plan for bad situations before the disaster comes. Here are some suggestions：
First, have a family meeting. Plan a way to get your family members together if you can't find each other after the disaster. Choose two places for everyone to go to if it isn't safe to return home. The first should be near your
house. You can go there in an emergency（紧急情况）like a fire. The second should be outside your neighbourhood.
Next, choose a person outside your area who can help your family get in touch with each other. After a disaster, it is often easier to communicate over a long-distance call than a local one. The person can pass messages between your family members.
Then, get a family disaster kit（灾难应急包）ready. It should include things your family needs, such as bread, water and things like that. The kit can help you survive at least for three days. Put everything in a bag so you can carry it if you leave in a hurry. When doing it, remember that different people have different needs. Include special things necessary for elderly or young members of your family.
Finally, practise your emergency plan, and update（更新）it as necessary.
You may not be able to stop disasters, but with a little planning you can be helped.
阅读上面短文，按要求完成第1～5题。第1～2题完成句子；第3～4题简略回答问题；第5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1. When disaster happens, you might need to leave your home .
2. You should choose meeting places when it isn't safe to return home in an emergency.
3. Why does the writer suggest choosing a person outside your area?

4. Besides bread and water, please list at least another two things you will put in your family disaster kit.

5.

1. right away 2. two
3. Because after a disaster, it is often easier to communicate over a long-distance call than a local one.
4. chocolate; lighter; clothes; medicine; rope; milk; knife; money...(答案不唯一)
5. 当这样做时,谨记不同的人有不同的需要。

【分析】
本题为任务型阅读题，需根据各小题要求，回到原文对应段落定位关键信息，完成句子、回答问题或翻译句子。具体解题思路：第1题需找灾难发生时离家的时间，定位原文第一段；第2题需找不安全回家时的集合地点数量，定位第二段；第3题需找选择外地联系人的原因，定位第三段；第4题需结合应急包生存需求举例，属于开放题；第5题需翻译画线句子，注意语境。
【解析】
1. 由原文第一段第二句“You might even need to leave your home right away.”可知，直接提取答案。
2. 由原文第二段第三句“Choose two places for everyone to go to...”可知，提取数量信息。
3. 由原文第三段第二句“After a disaster, it is often easier to communicate over a long-distance call than a local one.”可知，此句为选择外地联系人的原因。
4. 家庭灾难应急包需包含生存必需品，除面包、水外，可列举符合要求的物品（答案不唯一）。
5. 画线句“When doing it, remember that different people have different needs.”结合上文指准备应急包时，准确翻译即可。
【答案】
1. right away
2. two
3. Because after a disaster, it is often easier to communicate over a long-distance call than a local one.
4. chocolate; lighter; clothes; medicine; rope; milk; knife; money...(答案不唯一)
5. 当这样做时,谨记不同的人有不同的需要。
【知识点】
任务型阅读、细节理解、英译汉
【点评】
本题为任务型阅读常规题型，考查学生快速定位原文信息、细节提取及句子翻译能力，难度中等，需学生仔细阅读原文，准确对应问题出处完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.5