2026年1课3练单元达标测试八年级英语上册译林版第110页答案
一、根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词
1. There's too much
smoke
(烟)over there. Maybe it's on fire.
2. We all went to the zoo yesterday e
except
Jack because he was ill.
3. We found the house
burning
(燃烧)while we were walking along the street.
4. Your mother was so w
weak
that she couldn't stand for a long time.
5. The people were afraid and ran in all
directions
(方向)after the earthquake started.

答案

1. smoke 2. except 3. burning 4. weak 5. directions

解析

【分析】
这类根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词的题目,解题时需先理解句子语境,再结合给出的汉语意思或首字母,同时注意单词的词性、形式(如名词复数、非谓语动词等),确保填入的单词符合语法和句意要求。
【解析】
1. 句意:那边有太多烟,可能着火了。“烟”对应的英文是smoke,为不可数名词,符合too much修饰不可数名词的用法,故填smoke。
2. 句意:昨天我们都去了动物园,除了Jack因为他生病。此处表示“除了……之外(不包含在内)”,结合首字母e,填except。
3. 句意:我们沿街走的时候发现房子在燃烧。固定搭配find sth doing sth表示“发现某物正在做某事”,“燃烧”的动名词形式是burning,故填burning。
4. 句意:你妈妈如此虚弱以至于不能长时间站立。so+形容词+that从句表示“如此……以至于……”,结合句意及首字母w,“虚弱的”是weak,故填weak。
5. 句意:地震开始后人们害怕,向各个方向跑。all后接可数名词复数,“方向”的复数形式是directions,故填directions。
【答案】
1. smoke 2. except 3. burning 4. weak 5. directions
【知识点】
单词拼写、固定搭配、名词复数
【点评】
本题为基础词汇运用题,侧重考查学生对核心词汇的掌握及语境运用能力,涉及名词、形容词、非谓语动词等基础知识点,是英语学习中常见的基础练习题型。
【难度系数】
0.8
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. When I walked into the school, I saw some students
playing
(play) basketball on the playground.
2. Some boys
were waiting
(wait) for the bus when it began to rain.
3. After the fire broke out, Timmy found himself
trapped
(trap) in the building.
4. People were scared and tried
to run
(run) out of the building.
5. After a few minutes, a lot of
firemen
(fireman) came to the burning building.

答案

1. playing 2. were waiting 3. trapped 4. to run 5. firemen

解析

【分析】
本题为英语单词适当形式填空题,需结合固定搭配、时态、非谓语动词、名词复数等语法知识解题:
1. 第1题考查see sb. doing sth.结构,强调看到动作正在进行,故用play的现在分词形式;
2. 第2题考查过去进行时,when引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时,主句描述过去某时刻正在进行的动作,主语为复数,故用were+现在分词;
3. 第3题考查find oneself done结构,oneself与动词为被动关系,用过去分词表被动;
4. 第4题考查try to do sth.固定搭配,意为“尽力做某事”,故用不定式;
5. 第5题考查可数名词复数,a lot of后接可数名词复数,fireman的复数为不规则变化。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事),强调动作正在发生,故填playing;
2. when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时(began),主句需用过去进行时,主语some boys为复数,结构为were+现在分词,故填were waiting;
3. find oneself + 过去分词表“发现自己处于被……的状态”,oneself与trap是被动关系,故填trapped;
4. 固定搭配try to do sth.(尽力做某事),故填to run;
5. a lot of后接可数名词复数,fireman的复数形式为firemen,故填firemen。
【答案】
1. playing 2. were waiting 3. trapped 4. to run 5. firemen
【知识点】
固定搭配、过去进行时、名词复数
【点评】
本题考查初中英语核心基础语法点,涵盖动词固定结构、时态、名词复数,题型基础,侧重对基础知识点的掌握,适合巩固英语语法基础。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. All of us went to the party last night
C
Eric, because he got a bad cold.

A.against
B.with
C.except
D.besides

答案

1. C [解析]考查介词辨析。句意:除了埃里克,我们昨晚都去参加聚会了,因为他得了重感冒。against 反对;with 和……一起;except 除……之外;besides 除……之外。根据“because he got a bad cold”可知,埃里克没有去参加聚会,except 表示从整体中除去某一部分,符合句意。故选 C。
易混警示 besides 与 except 意思相同,同学们容易混淆。Besides 表示“包含关系”;except 表示“排除关系”。

解析

【分析】首先通读句子理解句意:“昨晚我们所有人都去了派对,________埃里克,因为他得了重感冒”,可知埃里克没去派对,是从“所有人”这个整体中被排除的部分。接下来分析四个选项介词的含义,重点区分易混的except和besides:except表示“从整体中排除”,besides表示“包含在内(除了…还有)”,其他选项不符合语境,据此判断答案。
【解析】逐一分析选项:A.against意为“反对”,不符合句意;B.with意为“和……一起”,不符合;C.except意为“除……之外(排除在外)”,符合“埃里克没去派对”的语境;D.besides意为“除……之外(包含在内)”,即“我们和埃里克都去了”,与句意矛盾。因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】介词辨析;词义辨析
【点评】本题考查易混介词的词义辨析,核心是区分except(排除关系)与besides(包含关系)的用法,结合语境即可快速判断,需注意易混点的区分。
【难度系数】0.5
2. The firefighters came and
C
the fire at once.

A.got out
B.brought out
C.put out
D.found out

答案

2. C [解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意:消防员来了,立刻把火扑灭了。get out 出去;bring out 使显现;put out 扑灭;find out 查明。根据“The firefighters came and... the fire at once.”可知,消防员把火扑灭了。故选 C。

解析

【分析】
这道题考查英语动词短语的词义辨析,解题思路是先明确每个选项短语的含义,再结合句子语境(消防员与火的动作)判断正确选项。句子描述消防员对火的动作,需找到表示“灭火”的短语,逐一分析选项后确定答案。
【解析】
本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:消防员来了,立刻把火扑灭了。A.get out意为“出去”;B.brought out意为“使显现;出版”;C.put out意为“扑灭(火等)”;D.found out意为“查明;找出”。结合语境,消防员的动作是扑灭火灾,因此选C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
动词短语辨析;词义辨析
【点评】
本题为英语基础题型,考查常用动词短语的识记与运用,结合生活常识(消防员的职责是灭火)即可快速选出正确答案,难度较低,适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.8
3. —Ann, I didn't see you at Gina's party yesterday morning.
—Oh, I
A
a museum at that moment.

A.was visiting
B.am visiting
C.will visit
D.visited

答案

3. A [解析]考查动词的时态。句意:——安,昨天早上我没有在吉娜的派对上看到你。——哦,那时我正在参观博物馆。根据“yesterday morning”以及“at that time”可知,时态要用过去进行时,结构为 was/were doing。故选 A。

解析

【分析】首先定位句中的时间标志:问句的“yesterday morning”(昨天早上)和答句的“at that moment”(指代昨天早上派对的那个时刻),都指向过去的某个具体时刻正在进行的动作,需选用过去进行时。过去进行时的结构为“was/were + 动词现在分词”,结合主语I,即可锁定正确选项。
【解析】根据时间状语“yesterday morning”(过去时间)和“at that moment”(过去某一具体时刻),确定时态为过去进行时,其结构为“was/were + 动词现在分词”。主语是I,be动词用was,动词visit的现在分词是visiting,因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】过去进行时、动词时态
【点评】本题考查过去进行时的基础用法,核心是通过时间标志词判断时态,属于初中英语时态的基础考点,需准确掌握不同时态对应的时间提示词。
【难度系数】0.5
4. —How come you didn't answer my phone yesterday?
—I
A
the match when you called me.

A.was watching
B.watch
C.is watching
D.watching

答案

4. A [解析]考查动词的时态。句意:——你昨天为什么不接我的电话?——你打电话给我时,我正在看比赛。根据“when you called me”可知,第二空表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时。故选 A。

解析

【分析】首先理解对话语境:问句询问昨天没接电话的原因,答句要表达“你打电话时我正在做的事”。关键时间信息是“when you called me”(你打电话时,属于过去的某个具体时刻),主句需描述该时刻正在进行的动作,因此要用到过去进行时。
【解析】根据语境,答句描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,需用过去进行时。过去进行时的结构为“was/were + 动词现在分词”,主语是I,be动词用was,watch的现在分词是watching,即was watching,对应选项A。
【答案】A
【知识点】过去进行时、一般过去时
【点评】本题考查过去进行时的基本应用,结合对话中的时间状语判断时态,属于基础时态题,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7
5. (2025·无锡江阴澄要片期中)It is very easy to find our town. A beautiful river goes
B
our town.

A.across
B.through
C.over
D.in

答案

5. B [解析]考查介词辨析。句意:找到我们小镇很容易。一条美丽的河流经我们小镇。across(从物体表面)穿过;through(从物体内部)穿过;over 在……之上;in 在……里。此处指从小镇内部穿过,应用 through。故选 B。

解析

【分析】
这道题考查介词的用法辨析,解题时需先明确各选项介词的含义及适用场景,再结合句子语境判断河流穿过小镇的方式,进而选出正确答案。
【解析】
先分析各选项介词的用法:A选项across表示从物体的表面穿过;B选项through表示从物体的内部穿过;C选项over表示在……上方(不接触表面);D选项in表示在……里面。句子语境为“一条美丽的河流经我们小镇”,河流是从小镇的内部穿过,因此应选用through。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
介词辨析
【点评】
本题考查基础介词的用法,结合语境区分不同介词的适用场景即可解答,属于常见的基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6
四、根据汉语提示或要求完成句子
1. 当我找不到钱包时,我朋友帮了我一把。
My friend
helped
me
out
when I couldn't find my wallet.
2. 听到这个好消息,他高兴地上蹿下跳。
He
jumped
up
and
down
when he heard the good news.
3. 人们需要做什么来为可能发生的地震做准备?
What do people need to do
to
prepare
for
possible earthquakes?
4. I would do something different this time.(改为一般疑问句)
Would
you
do
anything
different this time?

答案

1. helped me out 2. jumped up and down 3. to prepare for 4. Would you do anything

解析

【分析】
本题为英语句型相关题目,需结合固定短语、时态及句型转换规则解题:1题考查“帮某人一把”的固定短语及时态;2题考查“上蹿下跳”的固定短语及时态;3题考查不定式表目的及“为……做准备”的固定短语;4题考查情态动词引导的一般疑问句转换规则。
【解析】
1. “帮某人一把”的固定短语为help sb out,由从句couldn't可知时态为一般过去时,故填helped me out;
2. “上蹿下跳”的固定短语为jump up and down,由从句heard可知时态为一般过去时,故填jumped up and down;
3. 此处需用不定式表目的,“为……做准备”的固定短语为prepare for,故填to prepare for;
4. 情态动词would引导的一般疑问句,需将would提前,第一人称I变为第二人称you,疑问句中something改为anything,故填Would you do anything。
【答案】
1. helped me out 2. jumped up and down 3. to prepare for 4. Would you do anything
【知识点】
固定短语、一般疑问句转换、不定式作目的状语
【点评】
本题侧重考查英语基础的固定搭配、时态运用及句型转换,知识点均为初中英语核心基础内容,学生需熟练掌握常见短语和句式变化规则即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、(2025·安徽合肥蜀山区琥珀教育集团期中)阅读理解
字数:288 体裁:说明文 核心素养:语言能力
话题:农业与教育 难度:难 建议用时:7分钟
①When the earth warms a little or a lot, farmers must start to work. For them, education(教育)can be really useful and helpful.
②In northern Kenya, the weather was very hot. Mr Smith went to school when he was young. He now works as an accountant(会计)in the town. His elder brother Scott never went to school. And he was a farmer all the time. Smith sometimes helped Scott keep cows.
③Smith knew about the bad weather. So he told Scott to sell half of his cows. That way, Scott could keep the other cows healthy with the little water he had. However, Scott wanted to keep all the cows for another year with the next rain. Then he could sell all the cows to make much money. In the end, there wasn't any rain for half a year and half of the cows died.
④In eastern Kenya, the weather was also hot. Isaiah and his son Philip both grew corn(玉米). Isaiah's corn was only 1 metre high but Philip's was 2.5 metres high.
⑤ Isaiah never went to school. “There is nothing we can do,” he says, “we just wish the God can give us a lucky rain.”
⑥ Philip was a good student before. He bought new drought-resistant seeds(抗旱种子). He planted his seeds early before the first rain. Philip told his ways of farming to his father and the other villagers, but Isaiah and the others weren't interested at all. Few of the villagers knew what was happening(发生)to the weather. They were just making a wish like Isaiah.
1. This passage shows that education can help
A
when the weather warms a lot.
A. farmers B. accountants
C. students D. workers
2. In this passage, who got education in Kenya before?
A. Smith and Scott. B. Smith and Philip.
C. Scott and Isaiah. D. Philip and Isaiah.
3. What can we infer(推断)from the passage?
A. Scott kept all the cows and sold them to make much money.
B. The weather was hot in northern Kenya and eastern Kenya.
C. Few of the villagers in Philip's village got education before.
D. Isaiah was interested in Philip's ways of farming.
4. 中考新考法 推断篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
(①=Para.1(自然段)②=Para.2 ③=Para.3 ④=Para.4 ⑤=Para.5 ⑥=Para.6)

答案

五、【文章大意】本文主要介绍了气候变暖对农民的影响以及教育的重要性。
1. A [解析]细节理解题。根据“When the earth warms a little or a lot, farmers must start to work. For them, education(教育) can be really useful and helpful.”可知,文章指出当天气变暖时,教育可以帮助农民,对农民很有帮助。故选 A。
2. B [解析]细节理解题。根据“Mr Smith went to school when he was young. He now works as an accountant(会计) in the town. His elder brother Scott never went to school.”“Philip was a good student before. He bought new drought-resistant seeds(抗旱种子).”可知,史密斯和菲利普接受过教育。故选 B。
3. C [解析]推理判断题。根据“Philip told his ways of farming to his father and the other villagers, but Isaiah and the others weren't interested at all. Few of the villagers knew what was happening(发生) to the weather. They were just making a wish like Isaiah.”可知,菲利普村的村民中几乎没有人以前受过教育。故选 C。
4. C [解析]篇章结构题。根据“When the earth warms a little or a lot, farmers must start to work. For them, education(教育) can be really useful and helpful.”可知,第一段引出文章的主题,第二段和第三段介绍了斯科特养牛的事情,第四五六段介绍了以赛亚种庄稼的事情,C选项符合结构划分。故选 C。

解析

【分析】本题是篇章结构题,解题思路为:先梳理每个段落的核心内容,明确文章的逻辑结构。第①段总起,提出“气候变暖时教育对农民有用”的主题;第②③段讲述肯尼亚北部Scott养牛的事例;第④⑤⑥段讲述肯尼亚东部Isaiah种玉米的事例,属于“总-分(两个并列事例)”的结构,据此匹配选项。
【解析】首先分析各段落功能:①段为总起段,点明文章核心观点(教育对农民应对气候变暖有帮助);②③段是第一个分述事例(北部肯尼亚养牛的案例);④⑤⑥段是第二个分述事例(东部肯尼亚种玉米的案例),整体为总-分结构,对应选项C的结构。
【答案】C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、篇章结构分析
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解中的篇章结构分析,需准确划分段落功能与逻辑关系,难度适中,学生需掌握总-分结构的判断方法。
【难度系数】0.5