六、新语篇 应对火灾事故演练 阅读理解
作者的学校经常举行消防疏散演练活动，从中可以学到一些应对火灾的知识和技能。让我们一起来学习一下吧。
字数：315 体裁：说明文 核心素养：思维品质
话题：消防演练 难度：中 建议用时：4分钟
We should all have at least one fire extinguisher(灭火器) somewhere in our house or office building. However, it's not enough to simply keep an extinguisher somewhere. The best way to be ready for a sudden fire is to study this guide carefully and review it from time to time.
• Have a clear exit route(疏散路线)
Before using the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route. If you cannot put out the fire, you will need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is out.
• Report the fire
Even if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the firemen on the way. Once they arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.
• Stand back
Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5 metres away from the flames(火焰) as you prepare to use the fire extinguisher.
• Use the extinguisher
It can be difficult to think clearly during a fire. One method to help you remember how to use an extinguisher is to remember “PASS”:
• P—Pull: Pull the pin on the fire extinguisher.
• A—Aim(瞄准): Aim low. Point the nozzle at the bottom of the fire.
• S—Squeeze: Squeeze(挤压) the handle to let out the extinguishing chemicals.
• S—Sweep: Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire is put out.
• ▲

After the fire appears to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn't start burning again. If the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS”.
• Got to a safe place
Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, find a place out of reach of the fire.
任务1:阅读短文,选择最佳答案。
1. 中考新考法 推断文章主旨 What is the text about?
A. How to prevent a big fire.
B. How to use an extinguisher.
C. How to keep an extinguisher.
D. How to deal with a sudden fire.
2. Why is a fireman needed even if the fire is under control?
A. To teach useful methods.
B. To make sure the fire is out.
C. To find the missing people.
D. To help leave the dangerous place.
3. 中考新考法 句子还原 Which is the most proper for ▲?
A. Keep an eye on things
B. Look for a safe place to go
C. Check the loss in the fire
D. Improve the “PASS” process
4. In which theme(主题) activity of a school can the text be used?
A. A better self.
B. Safety with me.
C. Young scientists.
D. Home, sweet home

六、【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故。
任务1:1. D [解析]主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故,选项 D“如何应对突发火灾”符合主题。故选 D。
2. B [解析]细节理解题。根据“Even if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the firemen on the way. Once they arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.”可知,即使火势看起来可以控制,你也应该让消防队员随时待命。一旦他们到达,他们可以再次检查火是否被完全扑灭。故选 B。
3. A [解析]推理判断题。根据“After the fire appears to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn't start burning again.”可知,在火似乎已经熄灭后,继续观察起火区域,以确保它不会再次燃烧。所以此处强调要观察。故选 A。
4. B [解析]推理判断题。文章主要介绍了如何应对火灾事故,所以在“安全与我同在”主题活动中可以使用本文。故选 B。

【分析】
解题思路：首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍应对突发火灾的方法及灭火器使用步骤；再针对各题目类型逐一突破：主旨题梳理全文核心排除偏离选项，细节题定位原文对应语句比对信息，句子还原题结合上下文逻辑匹配内容，主题匹配题判断文章所属活动主题。
【解析】
1. 主旨大意题：文章围绕应对突发火灾的各项措施展开，A选项“预防大火”未涉及核心，B选项“使用灭火器”仅为部分内容，C选项“存放灭火器”与原文无关，D选项“如何应对突发火灾”符合主旨，故选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文“Even if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the firemen on the way. Once they arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.”可知，消防员的作用是确认火是否完全扑灭，故选B。
3. 句子还原题：空缺后内容提到“继续观察起火区域，确保不再复燃”，A选项“留意事物”符合上下文逻辑，B选项找安全地方是后续步骤，C选项损失未提及，D选项改进PASS流程与后文无关，故选A。
4. 主题匹配题：文章核心是火灾应对的安全知识，属于安全主题，B选项“安全与我同在”符合，A、C、D选项均不匹配，故选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨大意、阅读理解细节理解、句子还原
【点评】
本文是贴近生活的消防知识说明文，题目结合中考新考法，全面考查学生的阅读理解能力，难度适中，能帮助学生掌握实用的消防知识。
【难度系数】
0.5