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二、阅读理解
阅读下面的材料,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案或回答问题。
A(真题·绍兴越城、上虞) 天津“狗不理”包子
Goubuli Baozi is a famous snack from Tianjin. It has a history of more than 150 years. There is an interesting story behind its name. Let's learn about it.
In the Qing Dynasty, a boy named Gao Guiyou was born(出生) into a farming family in Wuqing, Tianjin. His parents were already forty when he was born. They loved him very much and gave him the nickname(昵称) "Gouzi", which meant "baby dog". This name was a way to wish him a healthy life.
Gouzi was clever and worked very hard. When he was fourteen, he went to Tianjin and got a job in a baozi shop. There, he learnt how to make baozi. Three years later, he opened his own baozi shop and named it "De Ju Hao".
Gouzi was very good at making baozi. He made the baozi skin(皮) thin and soft. The most special thing was that each baozi had 18 small folds(褶), just like a blooming chrysanthemum(盛放的菊花). People loved his baozi. They smelt so good that everyone wanted to take a bite. And his baozi became popular.
One day, Gouzi was very busy. Many people were waiting to buy his baozi, and he didn't have time to talk to them. So people said, "Gouzi sells baozi, butignores his customers." Soon, people started calling him "Goubuli", and his baozi got the name "Goubuli Baozi". Today, Goubuli uses "GoBelieve" as its English name.
(
A. Because they liked baby dogs a lot.
B. Because they wanted him to be healthy.
C. Because they worked with dogs.
D. Because they wished to have a dog.
(
A. When he was 40.
B. When he was 14.
C. When he was 17.
D. When he was 30.
(
A. Gouzi's life.
B. Gouzi's hobby.
C. Gouzi's shop.
D. Gouzi's baozi.
(
A. Doesn't feed.
B. Doesn't encourage.
C. Doesn't notice.
D. Doesn't praise.
(
A. To explain why Goubuli Baozi is popular.
B. To teach us how to make Goubuli Baozi.
C. To ask people to buy more Goubuli Baozi.
D. To tell the story behind Goubuli Baozi.
阅读下面的材料,从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案或回答问题。
A(真题·绍兴越城、上虞) 天津“狗不理”包子
Goubuli Baozi is a famous snack from Tianjin. It has a history of more than 150 years. There is an interesting story behind its name. Let's learn about it.
In the Qing Dynasty, a boy named Gao Guiyou was born(出生) into a farming family in Wuqing, Tianjin. His parents were already forty when he was born. They loved him very much and gave him the nickname(昵称) "Gouzi", which meant "baby dog". This name was a way to wish him a healthy life.
Gouzi was clever and worked very hard. When he was fourteen, he went to Tianjin and got a job in a baozi shop. There, he learnt how to make baozi. Three years later, he opened his own baozi shop and named it "De Ju Hao".
Gouzi was very good at making baozi. He made the baozi skin(皮) thin and soft. The most special thing was that each baozi had 18 small folds(褶), just like a blooming chrysanthemum(盛放的菊花). People loved his baozi. They smelt so good that everyone wanted to take a bite. And his baozi became popular.
One day, Gouzi was very busy. Many people were waiting to buy his baozi, and he didn't have time to talk to them. So people said, "Gouzi sells baozi, but
(
B
)11. Why did Gao's parents call him "Gouzi"?A. Because they liked baby dogs a lot.
B. Because they wanted him to be healthy.
C. Because they worked with dogs.
D. Because they wished to have a dog.
(
C
)12. When did Gouzi have his own shop?A. When he was 40.
B. When he was 14.
C. When he was 17.
D. When he was 30.
(
D
)13. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Gouzi's life.
B. Gouzi's hobby.
C. Gouzi's shop.
D. Gouzi's baozi.
(
C
)14. What does the underlined word "ignores" in the last paragraph mean?A. Doesn't feed.
B. Doesn't encourage.
C. Doesn't notice.
D. Doesn't praise.
(
D
)15. What's the purpose(目的) of writing this passage?A. To explain why Goubuli Baozi is popular.
B. To teach us how to make Goubuli Baozi.
C. To ask people to buy more Goubuli Baozi.
D. To tell the story behind Goubuli Baozi.
答案
11.B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D
A篇
本文主要讲述了狗不理包子背后的故事。
第11题:细节理解题。根据第二段 They loved him very much and gave him the nickname “Gouzi”, which meant “baby dog”. This name was a way to wish him a healthy life.(他们非常爱他,给了他一个绰号叫“狗子”,意思是“小狗”。这个名字是祝愿他健康生活的一种方式。)可知,是因为他们希望他健康。故选B。
第12题:推理判断题。根据第三段 When he was fourteen, he went to Tianjin and got a job in a baozi shop. There, he learnt how to make baozi. Three years later, he opened his own baozi shop and named it “De Ju Hao”.(十四岁时,他去了天津,在一家包子铺找到了一份工作。在那里,他学会了如何做包子。三年后,他开了自己的包子店,取名“德聚号”。)可知,是十七岁时。故选C。
第13题:段落大意题。根据第四段 Gouzi was very good at making baozi. He made the baozi skin thin and soft. The most special thing was that each baozi had 18 small folds, just like a blooming chrysanthemum. People loved his baozi. They smelt so good that everyone wanted to take a bite. And his baozi became popular.(狗子非常擅长做包子。他做的包子皮又薄又软。最特别的是每个包子有18个小褶,就像一朵盛开的菊花。人们喜欢他的包子。它们闻起来太香了,每个人都想咬一口。他的包子开始流行。)可知,第四段主要介绍了狗子的包子。故选D。
第14题:词义猜测题。根据最后一段 Many people were waiting to buy his baozi, and he didn't have time to talk to them. So people said,“Gouzi sells baozi, but ignores his customers.” Soon, people started calling him“Goubuli”, and his baozi got the name “Goubuli Baozi”.(许多人在等着买他的包子,他没有时间和他们说话。于是人们说:“狗子卖包子,却……他的顾客。”很快,人们开始叫他“狗不理”,他的包子也就有了“狗不理包子”这个名字。)可知,是忙于卖包子,没注意到顾客,所以 ignores是“没有注意”的意思。故选C。
第15题:主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段 Goubuli Baozi is a famous snack from Tianjin. It has a history of more than 150 years. There is an interesting story behind its name. Let's learn about it.(狗不理包子是天津著名的小吃。它已经有150多年的历史了。它的名字背后有一个有趣的故事。我们来了解一下。)可知,文章主要是为了讲狗不理包子背后的故事。故选D。
A篇
本文主要讲述了狗不理包子背后的故事。
第11题:细节理解题。根据第二段 They loved him very much and gave him the nickname “Gouzi”, which meant “baby dog”. This name was a way to wish him a healthy life.(他们非常爱他,给了他一个绰号叫“狗子”,意思是“小狗”。这个名字是祝愿他健康生活的一种方式。)可知,是因为他们希望他健康。故选B。
第12题:推理判断题。根据第三段 When he was fourteen, he went to Tianjin and got a job in a baozi shop. There, he learnt how to make baozi. Three years later, he opened his own baozi shop and named it “De Ju Hao”.(十四岁时,他去了天津,在一家包子铺找到了一份工作。在那里,他学会了如何做包子。三年后,他开了自己的包子店,取名“德聚号”。)可知,是十七岁时。故选C。
第13题:段落大意题。根据第四段 Gouzi was very good at making baozi. He made the baozi skin thin and soft. The most special thing was that each baozi had 18 small folds, just like a blooming chrysanthemum. People loved his baozi. They smelt so good that everyone wanted to take a bite. And his baozi became popular.(狗子非常擅长做包子。他做的包子皮又薄又软。最特别的是每个包子有18个小褶,就像一朵盛开的菊花。人们喜欢他的包子。它们闻起来太香了,每个人都想咬一口。他的包子开始流行。)可知,第四段主要介绍了狗子的包子。故选D。
第14题:词义猜测题。根据最后一段 Many people were waiting to buy his baozi, and he didn't have time to talk to them. So people said,“Gouzi sells baozi, but ignores his customers.” Soon, people started calling him“Goubuli”, and his baozi got the name “Goubuli Baozi”.(许多人在等着买他的包子,他没有时间和他们说话。于是人们说:“狗子卖包子,却……他的顾客。”很快,人们开始叫他“狗不理”,他的包子也就有了“狗不理包子”这个名字。)可知,是忙于卖包子,没注意到顾客,所以 ignores是“没有注意”的意思。故选C。
第15题:主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其根据第一段 Goubuli Baozi is a famous snack from Tianjin. It has a history of more than 150 years. There is an interesting story behind its name. Let's learn about it.(狗不理包子是天津著名的小吃。它已经有150多年的历史了。它的名字背后有一个有趣的故事。我们来了解一下。)可知,文章主要是为了讲狗不理包子背后的故事。故选D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍天津“狗不理”包子名字由来的英语阅读理解题，共5道小题，涵盖细节理解、推理判断、段落大意、词义猜测、主旨大意五种常见阅读题型。解题思路为：先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每道题的关键词，快速定位到原文对应段落或句子，结合原文内容分析选项，排除干扰项，选出最佳答案。
【解析】
11. 细节理解题：根据第二段内容，Gao的父母给“Gouzi”这个昵称是为了祝愿他健康，对应选项B。
12. 推理判断题：根据第三段，Gao14岁到天津的包子铺工作，三年后开自己的店，14+3=17岁，对应选项C。
13. 段落大意题：第四段主要讲述Gao制作包子的特点（皮薄、18个褶等）以及包子受欢迎的情况，核心围绕他的包子，对应选项D。
14. 词义猜测题：根据最后一段，Gao忙于卖包子没时间和顾客说话，可知“ignores”意为“没有注意”，对应选项C。
15. 主旨大意题：全文围绕“狗不理”包子名字背后的故事展开，对应选项D。
【答案】
11.B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本题选取传统文化相关的阅读材料，题型全面，考查学生的信息定位、词义猜测、段落概括及主旨归纳能力，贴近初中英语阅读考点，有助于学生巩固阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇介绍天津“狗不理”包子名字由来的英语阅读理解题，共5道小题，涵盖细节理解、推理判断、段落大意、词义猜测、主旨大意五种常见阅读题型。解题思路为：先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每道题的关键词，快速定位到原文对应段落或句子，结合原文内容分析选项，排除干扰项，选出最佳答案。
【解析】
11. 细节理解题：根据第二段内容，Gao的父母给“Gouzi”这个昵称是为了祝愿他健康，对应选项B。
12. 推理判断题：根据第三段，Gao14岁到天津的包子铺工作，三年后开自己的店，14+3=17岁，对应选项C。
13. 段落大意题：第四段主要讲述Gao制作包子的特点（皮薄、18个褶等）以及包子受欢迎的情况，核心围绕他的包子，对应选项D。
14. 词义猜测题：根据最后一段，Gao忙于卖包子没时间和顾客说话，可知“ignores”意为“没有注意”，对应选项C。
15. 主旨大意题：全文围绕“狗不理”包子名字背后的故事展开，对应选项D。
【答案】
11.B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、推理判断题
【点评】
本题选取传统文化相关的阅读材料，题型全面，考查学生的信息定位、词义猜测、段落概括及主旨归纳能力，贴近初中英语阅读考点，有助于学生巩固阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
B(真题·宁波鄞州) 有趣的植物
Nature is full of power but it is sometimes very interesting. Let's take some plants as an example.
Monster Flower
The monster flower is the name of a plant. It has the biggest flower in the world. To people, the plant's smell is really bad! But bees and other insects love this smell. And that helps the plant!
Giant Tree
Most trees are tall. But the tallest trees in the world are redwood trees. These trees are slow growers. It takes them 500 years to grow very, very tall and wide. Redwood trees are 300 feet tall. That's about as tall as a stack of 40 school buses! Redwoods are 30 feet wide. That's about as wide as 3 school buses side by side.
Pitcher Plant
The pitcher plant traps insects. This plant smells nice. Insects like its smell. But when an insect slips into（溜进）the pitcher plant, quickly, the pitcher plant catches it!
Sundew Plant
Insects love the leaves' smell of the sundew plant. But when an insect creeps or lands on a sundew's leaf, the insect can't get away. The leaves are sticky. The insect is stuck(粘住).
(
A. Redwoods are like buses.
B. Insects have different smells.
C. People don't love the sundew plant's smell.
D. The monster flower has the biggest flower in the world.
(
A. Helps.
B. Catches.
C. Feeds.
D. Collects.
(
A. By using numbers.
B. By telling stories.
C. By asking questions.
D. By sharing ideas.
(
A. Lovely Insects
B. Different Smells
C. Plants and Animals
D. Interesting Plants
Nature is full of power but it is sometimes very interesting. Let's take some plants as an example.
Monster Flower
The monster flower is the name of a plant. It has the biggest flower in the world. To people, the plant's smell is really bad! But bees and other insects love this smell. And that helps the plant!
Giant Tree
Most trees are tall. But the tallest trees in the world are redwood trees. These trees are slow growers. It takes them 500 years to grow very, very tall and wide. Redwood trees are 300 feet tall. That's about as tall as a stack of 40 school buses! Redwoods are 30 feet wide. That's about as wide as 3 school buses side by side.
Pitcher Plant
The pitcher plant traps insects. This plant smells nice. Insects like its smell. But when an insect slips into（溜进）the pitcher plant, quickly, the pitcher plant catches it!
Sundew Plant
Insects love the leaves' smell of the sundew plant. But when an insect creeps or lands on a sundew's leaf, the insect can't get away. The leaves are sticky. The insect is stuck(粘住).
(
D
)16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Redwoods are like buses.
B. Insects have different smells.
C. People don't love the sundew plant's smell.
D. The monster flower has the biggest flower in the world.
(
B
)17. Which word has the same meaning as the underlined word "traps"?A. Helps.
B. Catches.
C. Feeds.
D. Collects.
(
A
)18. How does the writer describe(描写) Giant Tree?A. By using numbers.
B. By telling stories.
C. By asking questions.
D. By sharing ideas.
(
D
)19. What's the best title for this passage?A. Lovely Insects
B. Different Smells
C. Plants and Animals
D. Interesting Plants
答案
16.D 17.B 18.A 19.D
B篇
本文主要介绍了巨型花、红杉树、猪笼草和茅膏菜等有趣的植物。
第16题:细节理解题。根据第一段 The monster flower is the name of a plant. It has the biggest flower in the world.(巨型花是一种植物的名字。它拥有世界上最大的花。)可知,巨型花是世界上最大的花。故选D。
第17题:词义猜测题。根据 But when an insect slips into the pitcher plant, quickly, the pitcher plant catches it!(但当一只昆虫溜进猪笼草时,猪笼草会迅速抓住它!)可知,“traps”的意思是“捕捉”。故选B。
第18题:细节理解题。根据 These trees are slow growers. It takes them 500 years to grow very, very tall and wide. Redwood trees are 300 feet tall. That's about as tall as a stack of 40 school buses! Redwoods are 30 feet wide. That's about as wide as 3 school buses side by side.(这些树生长缓慢。它们需要500年才能长得非常高和宽。红杉树有300英尺高,大约相当于40辆校车叠在一起的高度!红杉树的宽度是30英尺,大约相当于3辆校车并排的宽度。)可知,作者通过使用数字来描述红杉树。故选A。
第19题:标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了巨型花、红杉树、猪笼草和茅膏菜等有趣的植物,因此最佳标题是“有趣的植物”。故选D。
B篇
本文主要介绍了巨型花、红杉树、猪笼草和茅膏菜等有趣的植物。
第16题:细节理解题。根据第一段 The monster flower is the name of a plant. It has the biggest flower in the world.(巨型花是一种植物的名字。它拥有世界上最大的花。)可知,巨型花是世界上最大的花。故选D。
第17题:词义猜测题。根据 But when an insect slips into the pitcher plant, quickly, the pitcher plant catches it!(但当一只昆虫溜进猪笼草时,猪笼草会迅速抓住它!)可知,“traps”的意思是“捕捉”。故选B。
第18题:细节理解题。根据 These trees are slow growers. It takes them 500 years to grow very, very tall and wide. Redwood trees are 300 feet tall. That's about as tall as a stack of 40 school buses! Redwoods are 30 feet wide. That's about as wide as 3 school buses side by side.(这些树生长缓慢。它们需要500年才能长得非常高和宽。红杉树有300英尺高,大约相当于40辆校车叠在一起的高度!红杉树的宽度是30英尺,大约相当于3辆校车并排的宽度。)可知,作者通过使用数字来描述红杉树。故选A。
第19题:标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了巨型花、红杉树、猪笼草和茅膏菜等有趣的植物,因此最佳标题是“有趣的植物”。故选D。
解析
【分析】
本题是一篇关于有趣植物的英语阅读理解题，包含4道选择题，分别考查细节理解、词义猜测、说明方法判断和标题归纳。解题思路如下：1. 第16题需定位原文中关于巨型花的描述，逐一核对选项判断正误；2. 第17题结合猪笼草部分的上下文语境，猜测划线词traps的含义；3. 第18题查找描述红杉树时使用的说明方法；4. 第19题概括全文介绍的核心内容，选择最贴合的标题。
【解析】
16. 细节理解题：根据原文Monster Flower部分的“It has the biggest flower in the world”可知，巨型花拥有世界上最大的花，对应选项D。A选项红杉树是类比校车高度而非本身像校车，B选项原文未提及昆虫有不同气味，C选项原文未说明人们不喜欢茅膏菜的气味，故排除A、B、C，选D。
17. 词义猜测题：根据Pitcher Plant部分的“But when an insect slips into the pitcher plant, quickly, the pitcher plant catches it!”可知，猪笼草会迅速抓住溜进来的昆虫，因此traps与catches意思相近，选B。
18. 细节理解题：根据Giant Tree部分的“500 years”“300 feet tall”“40 school buses”“30 feet wide”“3 school buses”等数字描述，可知作者通过使用数字来描述红杉树，选A。
19. 标题归纳题：全文介绍了巨型花、红杉树、猪笼草、茅膏菜四种有趣的植物，核心主题是有趣的植物，对应选项D，选D。
【答案】
16.D 17.B 18.A 19.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、标题归纳）
【点评】
本文围绕有趣的植物展开，涵盖不同类型的阅读题型，考查学生定位原文信息、结合语境猜词、概括主旨的能力，是初中英语常见的阅读练习题。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题是一篇关于有趣植物的英语阅读理解题，包含4道选择题，分别考查细节理解、词义猜测、说明方法判断和标题归纳。解题思路如下：1. 第16题需定位原文中关于巨型花的描述，逐一核对选项判断正误；2. 第17题结合猪笼草部分的上下文语境，猜测划线词traps的含义；3. 第18题查找描述红杉树时使用的说明方法；4. 第19题概括全文介绍的核心内容，选择最贴合的标题。
【解析】
16. 细节理解题：根据原文Monster Flower部分的“It has the biggest flower in the world”可知，巨型花拥有世界上最大的花，对应选项D。A选项红杉树是类比校车高度而非本身像校车，B选项原文未提及昆虫有不同气味，C选项原文未说明人们不喜欢茅膏菜的气味，故排除A、B、C，选D。
17. 词义猜测题：根据Pitcher Plant部分的“But when an insect slips into the pitcher plant, quickly, the pitcher plant catches it!”可知，猪笼草会迅速抓住溜进来的昆虫，因此traps与catches意思相近，选B。
18. 细节理解题：根据Giant Tree部分的“500 years”“300 feet tall”“40 school buses”“30 feet wide”“3 school buses”等数字描述，可知作者通过使用数字来描述红杉树，选A。
19. 标题归纳题：全文介绍了巨型花、红杉树、猪笼草、茅膏菜四种有趣的植物，核心主题是有趣的植物，对应选项D，选D。
【答案】
16.D 17.B 18.A 19.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、标题归纳）
【点评】
本文围绕有趣的植物展开，涵盖不同类型的阅读题型，考查学生定位原文信息、结合语境猜词、概括主旨的能力，是初中英语常见的阅读练习题。
【难度系数】
0.7
