五、阅读短文，在文中空白处填入 1 个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
The earth is our home. Some things we have done are good for the earth while some are bad. We have polluted the earth (serious), and it is sick now. We cut down too many trees for wood, so lots of rich land (change) into dry desert. Factories pour dirty wastewater rivers, killing fish and making water undrinkable. Cars give off (harm) gases, and pollution has caused many serious problems like dirty air and terrible weather. The earth is crying for help. shall we do to save it?
We should be “green consumers” instead of wasteful ones. This means buying and (use) things friendly to the environment, like reusable bags instead of plastic ones. We can also recycle paper, bottles and cans as much as possible. We should try to be “greener people” too. Plant more trees to clean the air, ride bikes or take buses (reduce) pollution. Never leave lights on when leaving rooms. Take shorter showers and turn off taps while brushing teeth to save water. Remember (separate) waste into groups before throwing it away.
After all, we have only one earth. We must do everything to protect it, we will be punished and lose our home. Learn to live in green ways, and we can make a real (different).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. seriously 2. has changed 3. into 4. harmful 5. What 6. using 7. to reduce 8. to separate 9. or 10. difference

【分析】
这是一篇语境类语法填空题，解题时首先要通读全文，把握文章“地球污染现状与环保行动倡议”的核心主旨，明确整体时态以一般现在时、现在完成时为主。接下来逐个分析空格：第一步先判断空格在句中的成分，确定需要的词性/语法形式，第二步结合固定搭配、句法规则推导答案，最后把所有答案代入通读全文，验证逻辑和语法是否通顺。比如遇到修饰动词的空就优先考虑副词形式，遇到并列结构就保持前后形式一致，遇到表目的的动作就优先考虑不定式结构，遇到固定短语就直接匹配对应词汇。
【解析】
1. 第一空：空格修饰动词polluted，需要用副词作状语，形容词serious的副词形式为seriously，因此填seriously。
2. 第二空：句意为大量肥沃土地已经变成干旱沙漠，强调过去动作对现在造成的持续影响，要用现在完成时；主语land是不可数名词，助动词用has，change的过去分词为changed，因此填has changed。
3. 第三空：此处是固定搭配pour...into...，表示“把……倒入……中”，指工厂将污水排入河流，因此填into。
4. 第四空：空格修饰名词gases，需要用形容词作定语，名词harm的形容词形式为harmful，意为“有害的”，因此填harmful。
5. 第五空：这是特殊疑问句，句中及物动词do缺少宾语，表达“我们该做什么来拯救它”的含义，用特殊疑问词What，句首首字母大写，因此填What。
6. 第六空：此处符合固定搭配mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”，and连接两个并列的动名词作宾语，前面是buying，因此use要变为动名词using。
7. 第七空：空格处作目的状语，表示“骑车、坐公交”的目的是减少污染，要用动词不定式结构，因此填to reduce。
8. 第八空：此处符合固定搭配remember to do sth.“记得要去做某事（动作尚未发生）”，指扔垃圾前记得分类，因此填to separate。
9. 第九空：此处是连词，表达“否则、要不然”的逻辑含义，即我们必须保护地球，否则会被惩罚失去家园，因此填or。
10. 第十空：此处是固定搭配make a difference，意为“产生影响、发挥作用”，形容词different的名词形式为difference，因此填difference。
【答案】
1. seriously 2. has changed 3. into 4. harmful 5. What 6. using 7. to reduce 8. to separate 9. or 10. difference
【知识点】
词性转换，固定搭配，非谓语动词
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段典型的语境型语法填空，考点覆盖副词用法、现在完成时、介词固定搭配、形容词作定语、特殊疑问词、非谓语动词、并列连词等高频核心考点，同时结合环保主题传递正向价值观，整体考点都属于课标要求掌握的基础内容，只要学生熟悉基础语法规则和常见固定短语，结合语境推导就能顺利完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.7

六、阅读理解。
The Seine is a beautiful river which goes through France. However, the Seine has been seriously polluted. There are even laws that do not let people swim in the river. Raphael wanted to clean the river. He hoped people could swim in the Seine in the future.
Cleaning the river was a big job, Raphael fished rubbish out of the river. He did it nearly every weekend for many years. He fished with his dad. They could catch a ton of rubbish in a single day.
Raphael learned about cleaning rivers from YouTube. Once he found a video. People were fishing metal (金属) objects out of rivers. They used ropes tied to magnets (磁铁). That Christmas, Raphael asked his parents for supplies. He got some ropes, a hook (鱼钩), and a powerful magnet. The magnet was very strong. It could attract metal objects weighing more than a ton.
When he began, fishing for metal was just a weekend activity. But Raphael soon saw just how much rubbish there was at the bottom of the river. He wanted to do more. “It became like a full-time job,” he said.
Raphael won an award for his efforts (努力). He received the Medal of Paris. Raphael is confident about his progress now. A section of the Seine is clearer than the rest of the river. That is where he first started fishing for metal.
Raphael couldn’t clean the river just by his dad and himself before, but he won’t give up. He hopes he is one of the first to swim in the river when it is safe.
()1. Why did Raphael want to clean the Seine?
A. To receive the Medal of Paris in the end.
B. To be a volunteer in his new community.
C. To go fishing with his dad at weekends.
D. To help people swim in the river safely.
()2. How did Raphael probably clean the river?
 
()3. Which paragraph shows the result of Raphael’s efforts?
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraph 5.
D. Paragraph 6.
()4. We can learn some good qualities from Raphael EXCEPT .
A. being helpful
B. being creative
C. being hard-working
D. being lazy

1. D 【点拨】根据第一段中“Raphael wanted to clean the river. He hoped people could swim in the Seine in the future.”可知，拉斐尔想要清理塞纳河是为了帮助人们将来能安全地在这条河里游泳。故选 D。
2. C 【点拨】根据第三段可知，拉斐尔可能是用系着强力磁铁的绳子和钩子来打捞河里的金属垃圾。故选 C。
3. C 【点拨】根据第五段内容可知，本段展示了拉斐尔努力清理河流所取得的成果。故选 C。
4. D 【点拨】根据文章可知，拉斐尔几乎每个周末都和爸爸一起打捞垃圾，体现了他勤奋、乐于助人；他从视频中学习清理方法并运用磁铁等工具，体现了他有创造力。由此可知他并非懒惰的。故选 D。

【分析】
做这篇人物故事类阅读理解时，我们可以先通读题干划出每道题的核心关键词，再带着关键词返回原文定位对应段落，结合原文内容逐一比对选项排除错误答案：第1题询问清理河流的原因，直接定位开篇介绍拉斐尔初衷的段落；第2题询问清理的方式，定位介绍他使用工具的段落；第3题询问体现努力成果的段落，找描述他取得收获的内容即可；第4题要反向找出不属于拉斐尔品质的选项，结合全文人物行为逐一匹配品质就能得到答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第一段末尾原文“Raphael wanted to clean the river. He hoped people could swim in the Seine in the future.”，结合前文提到塞纳河污染严重、法律禁止民众下河游泳的背景，可知拉斐尔清理河流的初衷是帮助人们未来可以安全地在塞纳河游泳。A选项的获奖是他努力后得到的结果并非初衷，B选项文中未提及社区志愿者相关内容，C选项和爸爸打捞垃圾是他的行动而非目的，均排除，选D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段内容可知，拉斐尔从视频中学到方法，准备了绳索、鱼钩、强力磁铁，用绑着磁铁的工具打捞河底的金属垃圾，对应正确插图C，选C。
3. 段落主旨题：第5段提到拉斐尔因为自己的努力获得了巴黎奖章，他最早开始打捞的那一段塞纳河河段已经比其他区域更清澈，这些都是他长期清理河流取得的实际成果，对应C选项。
4. 推理判断题：通读全文可知，拉斐尔主动花大量时间清理受污染的河流，体现了他乐于助人、勤奋的品质；他从网络视频学习清理思路，用磁铁打捞金属垃圾的方法十分巧妙，体现了他富有创造力的特点，“懒惰”完全不符合拉斐尔的人物特质，是不属于他的品质，选D。
【答案】
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D
【知识点】
细节信息查找，人物品质推断，段落主旨判断
【点评】
本题属于记叙文类基础阅读理解，绝大多数题目都可以通过原文关键词定位直接得到答案，难度较低，做题时要注意区分事件的初衷和后续结果，避免出现因果倒置的误判，能够有效锻炼学生快速抓取文本关键信息的阅读能力。
【难度系数】
0.85