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(B)
Think of people you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn't come easily. As "Father of Hybrid Rice", Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.
Wu Mengchao, the "Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery (肝胆外科)", focused on saving people's lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations during his life. Holding the surgeon's knife for such a long time deformed his fingers. Wu once said, "It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day."
In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria (疟疾), Tu Youyou, pharmacologist (药学家), took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were disappointing (令人失望的). Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received the Nobel Prize.
Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, "If I find 10,000 ways something won't work, I haven't failed. I am not discouraged (泄气的), because every wrong try is another step forward."
Sometimes, their success was a surprise, even to themselves. The famous scientist Alexander Fleming said, "When I woke up just after daybreak on 28th September, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionize (变革) all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic (抗生素). But I guess that was exactly what I did."
Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent Van Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years. Now his paintings are very popular and they sell for millions of pounds.
One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals (目标) no matter what.
(
A. changed the shape of his fingers B. made him feel down
C. gave him too much stress D. got his fingers cut off
(
A. Pablo Picasso became famous after his death
B. Vincent Van Gogh painted 1,000 artworks in his life
C. it took Tu Youyou's team about 3 years to reach their goal
D. Thomas Edison tried 10,000 ways before he invented the light bulb
(
A. Not everyone can be successful. B. The more difficulties, the better.
C. Great achievements aren't made naturally. D. Great hopes make great men.
Think of people you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn't come easily. As "Father of Hybrid Rice", Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.
Wu Mengchao, the "Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery (肝胆外科)", focused on saving people's lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations during his life. Holding the surgeon's knife for such a long time deformed his fingers. Wu once said, "It would be my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day."
In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria (疟疾), Tu Youyou, pharmacologist (药学家), took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were disappointing (令人失望的). Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received the Nobel Prize.
Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, "If I find 10,000 ways something won't work, I haven't failed. I am not discouraged (泄气的), because every wrong try is another step forward."
Sometimes, their success was a surprise, even to themselves. The famous scientist Alexander Fleming said, "When I woke up just after daybreak on 28th September, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionize (变革) all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic (抗生素). But I guess that was exactly what I did."
Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent Van Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years. Now his paintings are very popular and they sell for millions of pounds.
One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals (目标) no matter what.
(
A
) 4. The underlined phrase "deformed his fingers" could be replaced by "A
".A. changed the shape of his fingers B. made him feel down
C. gave him too much stress D. got his fingers cut off
(
C
) 5. According to the passage, we know that C
.A. Pablo Picasso became famous after his death
B. Vincent Van Gogh painted 1,000 artworks in his life
C. it took Tu Youyou's team about 3 years to reach their goal
D. Thomas Edison tried 10,000 ways before he invented the light bulb
(
C
) 6. What does the writer mainly want to tell us?A. Not everyone can be successful. B. The more difficulties, the better.
C. Great achievements aren't made naturally. D. Great hopes make great men.
答案
4.A 5.C 6.C
解析
【分析】
1. 第4题：先结合语境理解划线短语的含义，前文提到吴孟超握手术刀近八十年，可推断长时间的操作会对手指形态产生影响，再对比各选项的意思，选出匹配的表述。
2. 第5题：需逐个核对选项与原文内容：根据文中对毕加索、梵高的描述判断A、B选项；通过屠呦呦团队开展研究和取得成果的时间差判断C选项；依据爱迪生的原话理解D选项的正误。
3. 第6题：梳理文中所有人物的共性——历经重重困难、坚持目标才获得成功，结合选项推断作者的核心意图，选出最贴合文章主旨的选项。
【解析】
4. 词义猜测题。根据前文“Holding the surgeon's knife for such a long time”可知，长期握手术刀会改变手指的形状，“deformed his fingers”意为“使他的手指变形”，与A选项“changed the shape of his fingers”意思相符。B选项“让他沮丧”、C选项“给他太多压力”、D选项“切断他的手指”均不符合语境，故选A。
5. 细节理解题。
A选项：文中提到“Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime”，说明毕加索生前就已成名，A错误；
B选项：文中提到“Vincent Van Gogh... painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years”，可知梵高创作了2000多幅作品，B错误；
C选项：屠呦呦团队1969年启动研究，1972年取得成功，时长约3年，C正确；
D选项：爱迪生的话是指找到10000种行不通的方法并非失败，并非试了10000次才发明灯泡，D错误。故选C。
6. 主旨大意题。文中列举的袁隆平、吴孟超等名人，他们的成功都历经诸多磨难且始终坚持目标，说明伟大的成就并非自然形成，需要付出努力与坚持。A选项“不是每个人都能成功”并非文章重点；B选项“困难越多越好”表述错误；D选项“伟大的希望造就伟大的人”不符合文章核心主旨。故选C。
【答案】
4.A 5.C 6.C
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文通过多位名人的成功事例，传递了“成功需历经磨难、坚守目标”的道理。题目覆盖阅读理解常见题型，解题时需紧扣文本，借助语境分析、细节比对、主旨提炼等方法作答，能有效提升学生的阅读理解与逻辑分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第4题：先结合语境理解划线短语的含义，前文提到吴孟超握手术刀近八十年，可推断长时间的操作会对手指形态产生影响，再对比各选项的意思，选出匹配的表述。
2. 第5题：需逐个核对选项与原文内容：根据文中对毕加索、梵高的描述判断A、B选项；通过屠呦呦团队开展研究和取得成果的时间差判断C选项；依据爱迪生的原话理解D选项的正误。
3. 第6题：梳理文中所有人物的共性——历经重重困难、坚持目标才获得成功，结合选项推断作者的核心意图，选出最贴合文章主旨的选项。
【解析】
4. 词义猜测题。根据前文“Holding the surgeon's knife for such a long time”可知，长期握手术刀会改变手指的形状，“deformed his fingers”意为“使他的手指变形”，与A选项“changed the shape of his fingers”意思相符。B选项“让他沮丧”、C选项“给他太多压力”、D选项“切断他的手指”均不符合语境，故选A。
5. 细节理解题。
A选项：文中提到“Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime”，说明毕加索生前就已成名，A错误；
B选项：文中提到“Vincent Van Gogh... painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years”，可知梵高创作了2000多幅作品，B错误；
C选项：屠呦呦团队1969年启动研究，1972年取得成功，时长约3年，C正确；
D选项：爱迪生的话是指找到10000种行不通的方法并非失败，并非试了10000次才发明灯泡，D错误。故选C。
6. 主旨大意题。文中列举的袁隆平、吴孟超等名人，他们的成功都历经诸多磨难且始终坚持目标，说明伟大的成就并非自然形成，需要付出努力与坚持。A选项“不是每个人都能成功”并非文章重点；B选项“困难越多越好”表述错误；D选项“伟大的希望造就伟大的人”不符合文章核心主旨。故选C。
【答案】
4.A 5.C 6.C
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文通过多位名人的成功事例，传递了“成功需历经磨难、坚守目标”的道理。题目覆盖阅读理解常见题型，解题时需紧扣文本，借助语境分析、细节比对、主旨提炼等方法作答，能有效提升学生的阅读理解与逻辑分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
