中考趋势 Ⅵ.信息还原
从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余。
The Moon is a mysterious place that has fascinated humans for centuries. As technology has advanced, our ability to explore the Moon has also increased. 1
One of the most significant progress in Moon exploration is the use of unmanned spacecraft. 2 These spacecraft are able to travel to the Moon and collect data that help us understand more about its composition, atmosphere, and geological features. By studying the Moon, scientists can gain insights into the formation and evolution of our solar system.
Another exciting aspect of lunar exploration is the potential for resource extraction(提取). 3 They could be used for various purposes, including the production of fuel and building materials. Extracting these resources could help reduce our dependence on Earth-based resources and pave the way for a more sustainable future.
Moreover, lunar exploration also holds the promise of scientific discovery. By studying the Moon, we can gain a deeper understanding of the universe and the laws of physics that govern it. 4 Furthermore, new scientific theories could revolutionize our understanding of the world.
5 The Moon's harsh environment, lack of atmosphere, and extreme temperature variations make it a difficult place to conduct experiments and operations. Despite these challenges, scientists and engineers continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in lunar exploration.
In conclusion, lunar exploration is an exciting and important field that offers vast potential for scientific discovery and resource extraction. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see more advancements in this area and a deeper understanding of the Moon and its role in our solar system.

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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球探索的最新进展以及好处和挑战。
1.G 2.C 3.E 4.D 5.B

【分析】
本题为英语信息还原题，解题思路如下：1. 通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍月球探索的最新进展、好处及面临的挑战；2. 逐一分析每个空格前后的语境，判断句子间的逻辑关系（如引出下文、承接上文、转折等）；3. 结合选项内容，选择与上下文衔接最紧密的句子。例如第1空需引出月球探索的进展与好处，第2空承接无人航天器的优势，第3空引出月球资源，第4空承接研究成果的作用，第5空引出挑战，从而确定各空答案。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到技术进步提升了月球探索能力，后文开始介绍无人航天器的进展，G选项“这里是月球探索的一些最新进展及其好处”能引出下文内容，故填G。
2. 第2空：前文提到无人航天器，后文说明航天器能收集数据，C选项“它让科学家收集数据无需冒生命危险”承接无人航天器的优势，符合语境，故填C。
3. 第3空：前文提到月球探索的资源提取潜力，后文说明资源的用途，E选项“月球被认为含有宝贵的矿物和资源”引出资源相关内容，衔接自然，故填E。
4. 第4空：前文提到研究月球能获得科学认知，后文提到新理论，D选项“这些知识能推动技术进步”承接研究成果的作用，符合逻辑，故填D。
5. 第5空：后文讲述月球环境的困难，B选项“然而，月球探索并非没有挑战”引出挑战的内容，与后文衔接，故填B。
【答案】
1.G 2.C 3.E 4.D 5.B
【知识点】
英语信息还原、语篇逻辑理解
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语语篇上下文逻辑关系的把握能力，要求学生结合语境选择合适的句子，是中考常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

Ⅶ. 首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空格处填入一个适当的词使短文完整。
The Art of War (Sunzi Bingfa) is a military(军事的) book written by the Chinese strategist Sunzi(personal name Sun Wu). The book is the earliest known one on war and military science. It is d 1 into 13 parts. Each one is about a different set of skills or military strategies(策略), known in Chinese as Bingfa. And the p 2 of this work is to advise generals on how to prepare, attack(进攻), guard against enemies and more.
It is hard to know exactly w 3 *The Art of War* was written, but most experts think it was written during the Spring and Autumn Period. Besides, although experts cannot be s 4 about the details of the life of its writer, Sunzi, they believe he was a general working for the State of Wu. It is clear that whatever his life e 5 were, Sunzi had a wealth of knowledge about war and strategy.
The starting point of *The Art of War* is that war should be avoided in the beginning. If it cannot be avoided, it should be fought w 6 to reduce harm and waste. For example, attack enemies where they are unprepared and appear where they don't expect, and then you are likely to win a r 7 victory with little effort.
The Art of War* discusses much about preparation for war, i 8 having lucky weather conditions, geographic advantages and the unity of the people, studying the enemy's movements and weaknesses and training soldiers. At the same time, the book also suggests that military strategies should be c 9 to suit new conditions depending on the real situation on the war field.
The Art of War* has been very popular s 10 it first came out, influencing leaders all over the world. Besides military strategies, the methods mentioned in the book have now found
practical use in many other fields, such as
business and sports.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了《孙子兵法》这本书的相关情况。
1. divided 2. purpose 3. when 4. sure 5. experiences 6. wisely 7. rapid 8. including 9. changed 10. since

【分析】
首字母填空需结合短文语境、固定搭配、语法知识推断单词。先通读短文，明确其介绍《孙子兵法》的核心内容，再逐个分析空格：1. 结合固定搭配be divided into（被分成），对应“13部分”的表述；2. 由“作品的……是建议将军”推断是“目的”；3. 后文提到创作时期，此处询问“何时”创作；4. 固定搭配be sure about（对……确定），对应“细节不确定”；5. “生活……”需填表示“经历”的复数名词；6. 修饰动词“战斗”用副词，表“明智地”；7. 修饰“胜利”，结合“少费力”推断是“快速的”；8. 引出举例内容，用介词“包括”；9. 被动语态，表“被改变”以适应新情况；10. 现在完成时结构，用连词“自从”。
【解析】
1. 考查固定搭配：be divided into是固定短语，意为“被分成”，符合“它被分成13部分”的语境，故填divided。
2. 考查名词：the purpose of...表示“……的目的”，此处指这部作品的目的，故填purpose。
3. 考查疑问副词：后文提到创作时期，此处询问《孙子兵法》的创作时间，故填when。
4. 考查固定搭配：be sure about是固定短语，意为“对……确定”，对应“专家不能确定作者生活细节”的表述，故填sure。
5. 考查名词复数：life experiences表示“生活经历”，符合“无论他的生活经历是什么”的语境，故填experiences。
6. 考查副词：修饰动词fought需用副词，wisely意为“明智地”，符合“明智战斗以减少伤害”的语境，故填wisely。
7. 考查形容词：rapid victory是固定表达，意为“速胜”，对应“少费力获胜”的表述，故填rapid。
8. 考查介词：including意为“包括”，用于引出准备战争的具体内容，故填including。
9. 考查被动语态：此处表示军事策略应被改变以适应新情况，被动结构be changed符合语法，故填changed。
10. 考查连词：since引导时间状语从句，用于现在完成时，意为“自从”，符合“自从出版以来受欢迎”的语境，故填since。
【答案】
1. divided 2. purpose 3. when 4. sure 5. experiences 6. wisely 7. rapid 8. including 9. changed 10. since
【知识点】
首字母填空、词汇运用、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为短文首字母填空题，围绕《孙子兵法》展开，考查学生对词汇、固定搭配及上下文语境的理解能力，需结合语法知识推断单词，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6