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Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Mars is truly a wonderful planet for those of us here on the Earth. It is about half of the size of the Earth and is often referred to as the "Red Planet" because of its red surface.
Mars has seasons like the Earth, but the seasons there are twice as long as the seasons on the Earth. Mars also has an atmosphere, but it is very thin and made up mostly of carbon dioxide. Because of its thin atmosphere and greater distance from the Sun, Mars is much colder than the Earth. However, Mars does have weather, with clouds and winds. The poles on Mars are a lot like Antarctica, capped by ice, but much of Mars's ice is made from carbon dioxide, not water.
Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us answer some of the key questions about our planet—the Earth, or even the universe. But missions to Mars have never been easy. Facing great challenges, many countries will still continue their explorations. Launching the first Mars probe(探测器) from Wenchang around 2020 is China's first step to explore the "Red Planet".
The Chinese Mars probe is made up of three parts: the orbiter, the lander, and the rover. Entering the Earth-Mars transfer orbit, the Mars probe divides from the launch vehicle(运载火箭). Then the space-to-ground communication link is created. Controllers on the Earth guide it into the orbit(轨道) around Mars. After collecting detailed information about the landing area, the probe is ready for the landing. The orbiter and the lander divide. The orbiter stays in the orbit for at least a year to photograph key areas and monitor the planet's environment, while the lander heads down to the surface of Mars.
Nine kilometres above the planet, a large parachute(降落伞) opens to slow the landing craft as it falls. After removing the parachute, the lander chooses a safe place to land, where the Martian rover can start operations, collecting and transmitting data back to the Earth. After receiving its orders from the Earth, the rover leaves the landing point and begins to explore the surface of Mars.
1. How does the writer develop Paragraph 2?
A. By making a list.
B. By giving examples.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By examining cause and effect.
2. What can we learn about Mars exploration according to the text?
A. China has been exploring Mars for many years.
B. Mars exploration is not so difficult for some countries.
C. Some countries will stop Mars exploration due to great difficulties.
D. Mars exploration can help us better understand the Earth and the universe.
3. About the flight of the Mars probe, which is the CORRECT order?
①The probe is ready for the landing.
②The Mars probe separates from the launch vehicle.
③Controllers on the Earth guide it into the orbit around Mars.
④The probe collects detailed information about the landing area.
A. ①②③④
B. ④③①②
C. ②③④①
D. ②③①④
4. What can the rover do?
A. It slows the landing craft as it falls.
B. It collects and transmits data back to the Earth.
C. It helps the lander to find a safe place to land.
D. It guides the probe into the orbit around Mars.
Mars is truly a wonderful planet for those of us here on the Earth. It is about half of the size of the Earth and is often referred to as the "Red Planet" because of its red surface.
Mars has seasons like the Earth, but the seasons there are twice as long as the seasons on the Earth. Mars also has an atmosphere, but it is very thin and made up mostly of carbon dioxide. Because of its thin atmosphere and greater distance from the Sun, Mars is much colder than the Earth. However, Mars does have weather, with clouds and winds. The poles on Mars are a lot like Antarctica, capped by ice, but much of Mars's ice is made from carbon dioxide, not water.
Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us answer some of the key questions about our planet—the Earth, or even the universe. But missions to Mars have never been easy. Facing great challenges, many countries will still continue their explorations. Launching the first Mars probe(探测器) from Wenchang around 2020 is China's first step to explore the "Red Planet".
The Chinese Mars probe is made up of three parts: the orbiter, the lander, and the rover. Entering the Earth-Mars transfer orbit, the Mars probe divides from the launch vehicle(运载火箭). Then the space-to-ground communication link is created. Controllers on the Earth guide it into the orbit(轨道) around Mars. After collecting detailed information about the landing area, the probe is ready for the landing. The orbiter and the lander divide. The orbiter stays in the orbit for at least a year to photograph key areas and monitor the planet's environment, while the lander heads down to the surface of Mars.
Nine kilometres above the planet, a large parachute(降落伞) opens to slow the landing craft as it falls. After removing the parachute, the lander chooses a safe place to land, where the Martian rover can start operations, collecting and transmitting data back to the Earth. After receiving its orders from the Earth, the rover leaves the landing point and begins to explore the surface of Mars.
1. How does the writer develop Paragraph 2?
A. By making a list.
B. By giving examples.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By examining cause and effect.
2. What can we learn about Mars exploration according to the text?
A. China has been exploring Mars for many years.
B. Mars exploration is not so difficult for some countries.
C. Some countries will stop Mars exploration due to great difficulties.
D. Mars exploration can help us better understand the Earth and the universe.
3. About the flight of the Mars probe, which is the CORRECT order?
①The probe is ready for the landing.
②The Mars probe separates from the launch vehicle.
③Controllers on the Earth guide it into the orbit around Mars.
④The probe collects detailed information about the landing area.
A. ①②③④
B. ④③①②
C. ②③④①
D. ②③①④
4. What can the rover do?
A. It slows the landing craft as it falls.
B. It collects and transmits data back to the Earth.
C. It helps the lander to find a safe place to land.
D. It guides the probe into the orbit around Mars.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星的相关信息以及中国的火星探测器。
1. C 写作手法题。根据文章第二段可知,作者主要是从季节、大气层、天气等方面将火星和地球进行比较。故选 C。
2. D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us answer some of the key questions about our planet—the Earth, or even the universe.”可知,很多科学家认为,研究火星可以帮助我们更好地了解地球甚至宇宙。故选 D。
3. C 事件排序题。根据文章第四段可知,顺序为:火星探测器与运载火箭分离——地球上的控制器引导火星探测器进入火星轨道——探测器收集着陆区域的详细信息——探测器为着陆做好了准备。也就是②③④①。故选 C。
4. B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“the lander chooses a safe place to land, where the Martian rover can start operations, collecting and transmitting data back to the Earth ... begins to explore the surface of Mars.”可知,火星探测器的功能是收集火星数据并将数据传回地球。故选 B。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火星的相关信息以及中国的火星探测器。
1. C 写作手法题。根据文章第二段可知,作者主要是从季节、大气层、天气等方面将火星和地球进行比较。故选 C。
2. D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us answer some of the key questions about our planet—the Earth, or even the universe.”可知,很多科学家认为,研究火星可以帮助我们更好地了解地球甚至宇宙。故选 D。
3. C 事件排序题。根据文章第四段可知,顺序为:火星探测器与运载火箭分离——地球上的控制器引导火星探测器进入火星轨道——探测器收集着陆区域的详细信息——探测器为着陆做好了准备。也就是②③④①。故选 C。
4. B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“the lander chooses a safe place to land, where the Martian rover can start operations, collecting and transmitting data back to the Earth ... begins to explore the surface of Mars.”可知,火星探测器的功能是收集火星数据并将数据传回地球。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题需定位第二段内容，分析作者阐述火星特征时的手法，发现多处将火星与地球对比，据此判断写作手法；
2. 第2题需定位第三段，找到关于火星探索意义的原文表述，匹配选项；
3. 第3题需定位第四段，梳理火星探测器飞行的步骤顺序，对应序号排序；
4. 第4题需定位最后一段，找到关于火星车（rover）功能的描述，匹配选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第二段中提到火星“has seasons like the Earth”“twice as long as the seasons on the Earth”“much colder than the Earth”等内容，均是将火星与地球进行对比，故写作手法为作比较，选C；
2. 第2题：根据第三段“Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us answer some of the key questions about our planet—the Earth, or even the universe.”可知，研究火星有助于了解地球和宇宙，对应选项D，故选D；
3. 第3题：根据第四段描述，火星探测器的步骤为：②与运载火箭分离→③地球控制器引导进入火星轨道→④收集着陆区域详细信息→①准备着陆，故顺序为②③④①，选C；
4. 第4题：根据最后一段“the Martian rover can start operations, collecting and transmitting data back to the Earth”可知，火星车的功能是收集并向地球传输数据，对应选项B，故选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、写作手法
【点评】
本文为介绍火星及中国火星探测器的说明文，考查学生对文章细节、写作手法、事件顺序的理解，解题时需精准定位原文对应信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题需定位第二段内容，分析作者阐述火星特征时的手法，发现多处将火星与地球对比，据此判断写作手法；
2. 第2题需定位第三段，找到关于火星探索意义的原文表述，匹配选项；
3. 第3题需定位第四段，梳理火星探测器飞行的步骤顺序，对应序号排序；
4. 第4题需定位最后一段，找到关于火星车（rover）功能的描述，匹配选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第二段中提到火星“has seasons like the Earth”“twice as long as the seasons on the Earth”“much colder than the Earth”等内容，均是将火星与地球进行对比，故写作手法为作比较，选C；
2. 第2题：根据第三段“Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us answer some of the key questions about our planet—the Earth, or even the universe.”可知，研究火星有助于了解地球和宇宙，对应选项D，故选D；
3. 第3题：根据第四段描述，火星探测器的步骤为：②与运载火箭分离→③地球控制器引导进入火星轨道→④收集着陆区域详细信息→①准备着陆，故顺序为②③④①，选C；
4. 第4题：根据最后一段“the Martian rover can start operations, collecting and transmitting data back to the Earth”可知，火星车的功能是收集并向地球传输数据，对应选项B，故选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解、细节理解、写作手法
【点评】
本文为介绍火星及中国火星探测器的说明文，考查学生对文章细节、写作手法、事件顺序的理解，解题时需精准定位原文对应信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
