五、跨学科 地理 任务型阅读。
阅读短文,根据所读内容,在文章后题的空格里填入最恰当的内容。注意:1~8题每个空格只填1个单词,第9题词数不少于20。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:知识科普 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
A cloud is made of water drops or ice crystals floating in the sky. There are many kinds of clouds. Clouds are an important part in Earth's weather.
The sky can be full of water. But most of the time you can't see the water. The drops of water are too small to see. They have turned into water vapor. As the water vapor goes higher in the sky, the air goes cooler. The cooler air causes the water droplets(水滴) to start to stick to things such as bits of dust, ice or sea salt.
Clouds get their names in two ways. One way is by where they're found in the sky. Some clouds are high up in the sky. Low clouds form closer to earth's surface. In fact, low clouds can even touch the ground. These clouds are called fog. Middle clouds are found between low and high clouds.
Another way clouds are named is by their shape. Cirrus clouds(卷云) are high clouds. They look like feathers. Altocumulus clouds are middle clouds. These clouds look like giant cotton balls in the sky. Stratus clouds are low clouds. The sky is covered by them. They look like bed sheets.
Most of the water in clouds is in very small droplets. The droplets are so light that they float in the air. Sometimes those droplets join with other droplets. Then they turn into larger drops. When that happens, gravity(重力) causes them to fall to the earth. We call the falling water drops "rain". When the air is colder, the water may form snowflakes instead. Freezing rain, sleet or even hail can fall from clouds.
Clouds are important for many reasons. Rain and snow are two of those reasons. At night, clouds reflect heat and keep the ground warmer. During the day, clouds make shade that can keep us cooler. Studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather.

1. importance 2. rises 3. Types/Names 4. places/heights 5. foggy 6. cover 7. light 8. fall 9. Because studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather, and clouds are important in many aspects like providing rain and snow, and regulating the ground temperature day and night.（言之有理即可）

【分析】
本题为跨学科任务型阅读，需先通读全文把握云的相关知识，再根据表格空格提示定位原文对应内容，结合语法、词汇要求填写答案。1-8题要求填1个单词，需注意词性、单复数等细节；第9题需结合原文关于研究云的原因，组织不少于20词的语句。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段“Clouds are an important part in Earth's weather”，“be of +名词”相当于形容词，故填important的名词形式importance；
2. 定位原文第二段“As the water vapor goes higher in the sky”，主语为第三人称单数，goes higher对应动词rises；
3. 表格该部分讲云的命名，对应原文“Clouds get their names in two ways”，故填Types/Names；
4. 定位原文第三段“One way is by where they're found in the sky”，即位置或高度，故填places/heights；
5. 定位原文第三段“low clouds can even touch the ground. These clouds are called fog”，故填foggy；
6. 定位原文第四段“The sky is covered by them”，主语为stratus clouds，故填cover；
7. 定位原文第五段“The droplets are so light that they float in the air”，故填light；
8. 定位原文第五段“gravity causes them to fall to the earth”，故填fall；
9. 定位原文最后一段，结合云的重要性组织语句：Because studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather, and clouds are important in many aspects like providing rain and snow, and regulating the ground temperature day and night.
【答案】
1. importance 2. rises 3. Types/Names 4. places/heights 5. foggy 6. cover 7. light 8. fall 9. Because studying clouds helps people have a better understanding of Earth's weather, and clouds are important in many aspects like providing rain and snow, and regulating the ground temperature day and night.
【知识点】
任务型阅读、云的形成与分类、英语词汇运用
【点评】
本题为跨学科任务型阅读，融合地理知识与英语阅读能力，考查信息定位、词汇运用及语句组织能力，难度适中，需学生兼顾文本理解与学科常识。
【难度系数】
0.6