文化探索
Spaced Repetition(间隔重复):
An Effective Learning Strategy Used by Harvard Students
Many students feel tired and stressed when they have to remember a lot of new words, grammar rules, or facts. They often cram(突击学习) everything into one night before a test, but soon forget most of what they learned. However, many top students use a simple but powerful strategy called "spaced repetition" to make learning easier and more effective.
What is spaced repetition? It means reviewing new information at different times, instead of learning it all at once. For example, if you learn ten new English words on Monday, you don't just move on to the next lesson on Tuesday. Instead, you come back to those words on Wednesday, then again on Friday, and once more the following week. Each time you review them, the information stays clearer in your mind.
Why does this strategy work so well? Our brains naturally forget things quickly at first. When you see the same word or rule again and again over different days, your brain gets a message: "This is important. I need to keep it." In this way, you turn short-term memory into long-term memory without too much stress.
Spaced repetition also helps you save time. Instead of spending hours memorizing and forgetting the same material, you use small, separate review times to lock information in. Day by day, you'll find you remember more with less effort, and you'll feel more confident before tests.
Questions:
1. What is "spaced repetition" and how do students use it to remember things better?
2. Would you like to try this learning strategy in your daily study? Why or why not?

1. "Spaced repetition" is an effective learning strategy that means reviewing new information at different separate times instead of learning all the content at once.
Students can use this strategy by arranging multiple scattered review sessions for the newly learned content at intervals. For example, after learning new knowledge on one day, they review the content a few days later, then review it again after a longer interval, and repeat the review with gradually extended intervals. In this process, the brain will receive the signal that the information is important, so as to turn the short-term memory of the knowledge into long-term memory, avoid forgetting the content quickly as the brain naturally does, and finally master the things they need to remember more stably with less effort.
2. Yes, I'd love to try this learning strategy in my daily study. The reasons are as follows: First, this method can help me get rid of the inefficient cramming pattern before exams, which always makes me feel stressed and forget most of the learned content very soon. Second, it can help me turn the knowledge I need to memorize, such as English words, grammar rules and historical facts, into long-term memory easily, so that I can master these knowledge points more firmly. Third, it can also save my study time: I don't need to spend a lot of continuous time repeating the same memorization work, I can use those small fragmented time to finish the spaced review, and finally I can remember more content with less effort, and become more confident when facing exams.

【分析】本题是英语阅读理解主观题，包含两个问题。第1问需从原文定位“间隔重复”的定义及使用方法，解题时先找到对应段落提取关键信息；第2问为开放性问题，需结合原文中间隔重复的优势，明确观点后组织贴合原文的理由，确保逻辑通顺。
【解析】第1问：① 从原文第二段第一句提取“间隔重复”的定义：是一种有效学习策略，指在不同时间复习新信息而非一次性学习全部内容；② 从第二段例子、第三段原理及第四段优势，整理使用方法：对新学内容安排多次分散的间隔复习，通过间隔重复将短期记忆转化为长期记忆，减少快速遗忘，同时节省学习时间。第2问：先表明观点，再结合原文提到的间隔重复的优势（摆脱突击学习的低效压力、巩固知识为长时记忆、节省时间）分点阐述理由，确保理由基于原文内容。
【答案】1. "Spaced repetition" is an effective learning strategy that means reviewing new information at different separate times instead of learning all the content at once.
Students can use this strategy by arranging multiple scattered review sessions for the newly learned content at intervals. For example, after learning new knowledge on one day, they review the content a few days later, then review it again after a longer interval, and repeat the review with gradually extended intervals. In this process, the brain will receive the signal that the information is important, so as to turn the short-term memory of the knowledge into long-term memory, avoid forgetting the content quickly as the brain naturally does, and finally master the things they need to remember more stably with less effort.
2. Yes, I'd love to try this learning strategy in my daily study. The reasons are as follows: First, this method can help me get rid of the inefficient cramming pattern before exams, which always makes me feel stressed and forget most of the learned content very soon. Second, it can help me turn the knowledge I need to memorize, such as English words, grammar rules and historical facts, into long-term memory easily, so that I can master these knowledge points more firmly. Third, it can also save my study time: I don't need to spend a lot of continuous time repeating the same memorization work, I can use those small fragmented time to finish the spaced review, and finally I can remember more content with less effort, and become more confident when facing exams.
【知识点】英语阅读理解、学习策略应用
【点评】本题既考查学生提取英语文本关键信息的能力，又考查结合文本内容表达观点的能力，需准确理解原文细节并合理组织语言，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

【感知】(1) Many students improve their spoken English by practicing conversations with native speakers online. 许多学生通过和母语者在线练习对话来提升英语口语。
(2) How did you tell him about it, by mail or e-mail? 你是怎么告诉他这件事的？通过信件还是电子邮件？
(3) To save time on the trip, we decided to go to the mountain village by high-speed train instead of by bus. 为了节省旅途时间，我们决定坐高铁去那个山村，而不是坐大巴。
(4) The library will close by ten, so please hurry up. 图书馆十点前就要关门了，请快点。
【思考】通过观察可知，句中“by doing hands-on experiments”属于“by+(do)”结构，意为“”。by 表示传达、传递的方式或媒介，如 by e-mail，意为“”；by+交通工具，交通工具前不能加冠词，如 by bike，意为“”；句(4)中 by 的意思是“”。
【运用】
(1) We can save money by (cook) our own meals instead of eating outside.
(2) How do you keep in touch with your pen friend，(通过) e-mail or blog?
(3) We will go to Guangzhou plane.
(4) We had to get there (不迟于) evening.

1. 思考:doing;通过做某事;通过电子邮件;骑自行车;不迟于/在……之前
运用:(1) cooking (2) by (3) by (4) by

【分析】
本题围绕介词by的不同用法展开，需先梳理by的核心搭配：by作介词时，后接动词需用动名词（doing）形式表方式；可接具体媒介（如e-mail）、交通工具表方式；还可表时间含义“不迟于/在……之前”。结合这些知识点，对应题目中的思考和运用部分逐一解答即可。
【解析】
思考部分：
1. by是介词，后接动词需用动名词，故“by doing hands-on experiments”是“by+doing”结构，意为“通过做某事”；
2. “by e-mail”是固定搭配，意为“通过电子邮件”；
3. “by+交通工具”是固定用法，“by bike”意为“骑自行车”；
4. 句(4)中“by ten”表时间，意为“不迟于/在……之前”。
运用部分：
1. by是介词，后接动词用动名词，故填cooking；
2. 表示“通过”的介词用by，故填by；
3. “by+交通工具”是固定搭配，故填by；
4. “不迟于”对应介词by，故填by。
【答案】
思考:doing;通过做某事;通过电子邮件;骑自行车;不迟于/在……之前；运用:(1) cooking (2) by (3) by (4) by
【知识点】
介词by的用法；动名词的用法
【点评】
本题考查介词by的多种基础用法，涵盖方式、媒介、交通工具、时间等常见搭配，是英语学习中需掌握的核心介词考点，难度适中，适合基础阶段学生巩固。
【难度系数】
0.5