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Passage 15
Chang'e 5 completed its task successfully in 23 days, not only did it return with valuable rock and soil samples from the Moon, but also brought back a group of seeds that travelled the furthest in China. More than 30 kinds of seeds, including those of rice, oats, and other crops were placed inside Chang'e 5 spacecraft and went around the Moon for about 15 days.
Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after the task. This task offered scientists a valuable opportunity to deepen their studies on the effect of cosmic rays(宇宙射线) on the growth and development of life on Earth.
Space-based mutation breeding(太空诱变育种) refers to the process of placing seeds in the environment such as microgravity(微重力), vacuums(真空) and cosmic radiation(宇宙辐射) during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further study and planting. Scientists examine several generations(辈,代) of plants grown from seeds which went into space and study their changes—some are desirable while others are negative. Those with good changes will be kept for further research, and will be introduced to farmers.
Space breeding can make the seeds change faster than the experiments on Earth and can bring about some wonderful results. Compared with the traditional methods, space-developed methods can make the seeds grow much better, such as having shorter growth periods and having more power to fight against diseases and insects.
China did its first space breeding experiment in 1987, using a satellite to carry seeds into space. Since then, hundreds of kinds of seeds and seedlings have travelled with dozens of Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been allowed to be planted across the country from grains to vegetables and fruits.
The Chang'e 5 brought back 1,731 grams of the Moon's rock and soil to Earth, showing a historic achievement 44 years after the last time Moon's rock and soil were taken back.
(
A. To pick out the best seeds.
B. To understand the environment of space.
C. To study the cosmic rays.
D. To be put in a special environment.
(
A. worse
B. good
C. useless
D. correct
(
A. Chang'e 5 flew around the Moon for about 23 days.
B. China was the first to do a space breeding experiment.
C. It is some time since seeds were last taken into space.
D. Space breeding is good for farming.
(
A. space breeding is the best way to develop seeds
B. China is the first country to do the space breeding experiment
C. China will spend more time and energy on space breeding
D. Chang'e 5 spacecraft will fly to the Moon again
(
A. Chang'e 5 returns with a big package
B. Space-bred seeds offer great chances
C. Plant mutations result in a better life
D. Seeds from space show a new history
Chang'e 5 completed its task successfully in 23 days, not only did it return with valuable rock and soil samples from the Moon, but also brought back a group of seeds that travelled the furthest in China. More than 30 kinds of seeds, including those of rice, oats, and other crops were placed inside Chang'e 5 spacecraft and went around the Moon for about 15 days.
Scientists wished to check what would happen to the seeds after the task. This task offered scientists a valuable opportunity to deepen their studies on the effect of cosmic rays(宇宙射线) on the growth and development of life on Earth.
Space-based mutation breeding(太空诱变育种) refers to the process of placing seeds in the environment such as microgravity(微重力), vacuums(真空) and cosmic radiation(宇宙辐射) during a spaceflight and then sending them back to Earth for further study and planting. Scientists examine several generations(辈,代) of plants grown from seeds which went into space and study their changes—some are desirable while others are negative. Those with good changes will be kept for further research, and will be introduced to farmers.
Space breeding can make the seeds change faster than the experiments on Earth and can bring about some wonderful results. Compared with the traditional methods, space-developed methods can make the seeds grow much better, such as having shorter growth periods and having more power to fight against diseases and insects.
China did its first space breeding experiment in 1987, using a satellite to carry seeds into space. Since then, hundreds of kinds of seeds and seedlings have travelled with dozens of Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped to produce more than 200 new types of mutated plants in China that have been allowed to be planted across the country from grains to vegetables and fruits.
The Chang'e 5 brought back 1,731 grams of the Moon's rock and soil to Earth, showing a historic achievement 44 years after the last time Moon's rock and soil were taken back.
(
D
) 1.Why were the seeds placed inside Chang'e 5?A. To pick out the best seeds.
B. To understand the environment of space.
C. To study the cosmic rays.
D. To be put in a special environment.
(
B
) 2.The underlined word "desirable" is probably closest in meaning to "B
".A. worse
B. good
C. useless
D. correct
(
D
) 3.What can we learn from the fifth paragraph?A. Chang'e 5 flew around the Moon for about 23 days.
B. China was the first to do a space breeding experiment.
C. It is some time since seeds were last taken into space.
D. Space breeding is good for farming.
(
C
) 4.From the passage, we can infer that C
.A. space breeding is the best way to develop seeds
B. China is the first country to do the space breeding experiment
C. China will spend more time and energy on space breeding
D. Chang'e 5 spacecraft will fly to the Moon again
(
B
) 5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Chang'e 5 returns with a big package
B. Space-bred seeds offer great chances
C. Plant mutations result in a better life
D. Seeds from space show a new history
答案
1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读，核心围绕嫦娥五号搭载太空种子返回的热点事件，介绍太空诱变育种的相关知识。解题时首先通读全文，梳理文章脉络：先引出嫦娥五号带回特殊旅行的种子，再解释太空育种的定义、优势，最后介绍中国太空育种的发展成果。之后逐题回原文定位对应信息，通过比对选项和原文内容、排除干扰项的方式选出正确答案：细节题找到原文对应表述直接判断，词义猜测题结合上下文的对比逻辑推导词义，主旨题抓住全文核心论述对象排除片面选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位第三段第一句对太空诱变育种的定义，可知将种子放入嫦娥五号，是为了把种子置于微重力、真空、宇宙辐射的特殊太空环境中完成诱变流程。A选项“挑选最优种子”是种子返回地球后的后续步骤，B选项“了解太空环境”不是搭载种子的目的，C选项“研究宇宙射线”只是后续研究的方向之一，不是搭载种子的核心目的，因此选D。
2. 词义猜测题：划线词后出现转折对比表述"while others are negative（其余的变化是负面的）"，下一句紧接着说明"Those with good changes will be kept for further research"，说明desirable指代的是和负面相反的、好的变化，和good含义最接近，因此选B。
3. 细节理解题：第五段提到中国自1987年开展首次太空育种实验以来，已经培育出超过200种获准在全国范围内种植的突变植物，覆盖粮食、蔬菜、水果品类，能够体现太空育种对农业发展有积极作用。A选项的信息属于第一段内容，不属于第五段；B选项原文没有说明中国是首个开展太空育种实验的国家；C选项原文提到1987年后数百种种子随数十艘中国飞船进入太空，并非很久没有将种子送入太空，因此选D。
4. 推理判断题：文章介绍了太空育种相比传统育种周期更短、抗病虫害能力更强等诸多优势，且中国已经在该领域取得大量成熟成果，可以合理推断中国后续会在太空育种领域投入更多时间和精力。A选项“太空育种是培育种子的最好方式”表述过于绝对；B选项原文没有信息支撑中国是首个开展太空育种实验的国家；D选项没有任何原文信息表明嫦娥五号会再次登月，因此选C。
5. 主旨大意题：全文以嫦娥五号搭载种子返回为引入，核心介绍太空诱变育种的原理、独特优势，以及该技术能为农业发展带来的巨大机遇，其余选项都存在表述片面、偏离核心论述对象的问题，因此选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题结合航天热点事件科普太空育种相关知识，题型覆盖全面，难度梯度合理，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的基础阅读能力，也兼顾对上下文逻辑推导、全文主旨把握能力的考查，解题时要注意所有选项都需要在原文找到对应依据，避免脱离文本主观臆断。
【难度系数】
0.65
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读，核心围绕嫦娥五号搭载太空种子返回的热点事件，介绍太空诱变育种的相关知识。解题时首先通读全文，梳理文章脉络：先引出嫦娥五号带回特殊旅行的种子，再解释太空育种的定义、优势，最后介绍中国太空育种的发展成果。之后逐题回原文定位对应信息，通过比对选项和原文内容、排除干扰项的方式选出正确答案：细节题找到原文对应表述直接判断，词义猜测题结合上下文的对比逻辑推导词义，主旨题抓住全文核心论述对象排除片面选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位第三段第一句对太空诱变育种的定义，可知将种子放入嫦娥五号，是为了把种子置于微重力、真空、宇宙辐射的特殊太空环境中完成诱变流程。A选项“挑选最优种子”是种子返回地球后的后续步骤，B选项“了解太空环境”不是搭载种子的目的，C选项“研究宇宙射线”只是后续研究的方向之一，不是搭载种子的核心目的，因此选D。
2. 词义猜测题：划线词后出现转折对比表述"while others are negative（其余的变化是负面的）"，下一句紧接着说明"Those with good changes will be kept for further research"，说明desirable指代的是和负面相反的、好的变化，和good含义最接近，因此选B。
3. 细节理解题：第五段提到中国自1987年开展首次太空育种实验以来，已经培育出超过200种获准在全国范围内种植的突变植物，覆盖粮食、蔬菜、水果品类，能够体现太空育种对农业发展有积极作用。A选项的信息属于第一段内容，不属于第五段；B选项原文没有说明中国是首个开展太空育种实验的国家；C选项原文提到1987年后数百种种子随数十艘中国飞船进入太空，并非很久没有将种子送入太空，因此选D。
4. 推理判断题：文章介绍了太空育种相比传统育种周期更短、抗病虫害能力更强等诸多优势，且中国已经在该领域取得大量成熟成果，可以合理推断中国后续会在太空育种领域投入更多时间和精力。A选项“太空育种是培育种子的最好方式”表述过于绝对；B选项原文没有信息支撑中国是首个开展太空育种实验的国家；D选项没有任何原文信息表明嫦娥五号会再次登月，因此选C。
5. 主旨大意题：全文以嫦娥五号搭载种子返回为引入，核心介绍太空诱变育种的原理、独特优势，以及该技术能为农业发展带来的巨大机遇，其余选项都存在表述片面、偏离核心论述对象的问题，因此选B。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题结合航天热点事件科普太空育种相关知识，题型覆盖全面，难度梯度合理，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的基础阅读能力，也兼顾对上下文逻辑推导、全文主旨把握能力的考查，解题时要注意所有选项都需要在原文找到对应依据，避免脱离文本主观臆断。
【难度系数】
0.65
