Passage 14
Robots may seem smart, but they cannot even pick up a chess piece. Let's take a look at some tasks that are easy for kids but not for robots.
Pick things up
Picking things up is not easy. If we drop our pencil on the floor, our brains work hard. First, we must find the pencil. Then we move our hands to it. A robot cannot always move its "hand" to the right place. When we touch the pencil, it might roll(滚动) a little bit. Robots cannot easily understand this either. So, if you drop a pencil on the floor, a robot will probably roll it around the room.
Get around in large space
If someone drops us in a building we've never been to, we might feel a bit lost. But we can look around, find a door, and get out quickly. But a robot will look everywhere for a door, even on ceilings and floors. This is because it's hard for them to understand spaces, especially large, blank things such as walls or ceilings.
Understand the world made by people
"Common sense" is what we don't need to think or talk about but know anyway. Because of common sense, we do not look for doors on the ceiling. We pick up a coffee cup by its handle(把手). We feel whether it has coffee inside, and whether it's hot.
A robot? It may turn the cup upside down. It may hold the hot part of the cup. Scientists have tried teaching robots common-sense rules. But even huge databases(数据库) don't help much. Maybe they need more time to learn.
() 1.What may happen when a robot tries to pick up a pencil?
A. It may break the pencil.
B. It may roll the pencil.
C. It may not find the pencil.
D. It may watch the pencil roll.
() 2.What will a robot do in order to find a door?
A. Dig a big hole in the wall.
B. Only look for large and blank things.
C. Search everywhere, even the ceilings.
D. Drop itself in a corner in the building.
() 3.What can we learn about common sense from the last two paragraphs?
A. Robots can teach themselves common sense.
B. Robots have the same common sense as humans.
C. Scientists tried teaching robots common-sense rules.
D. Huge databases help much for robots to learn common sense.
() 4.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Robots are not helpful to humans at all.
B. Robots are good at picking up small things.
C. It is easy for robots to understand large spaces.
D. Robots have trouble understanding our world.

1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D

【分析】
这是一篇介绍机器人能力短板的科普说明文，解题时可以采用细节定位法高效完成：首先浏览每道题干，划出核心关键词，再带着关键词返回原文对应段落查找匹配内容，将选项和原文表述逐一比对，排除无中生有、偷换概念的干扰选项，既可以快速选出细节题答案，也能结合全文内容判断主旨类题目的正确选项。
【解析】
1. 细节题：定位到"Pick things up"部分的最后一句"So, if you drop a pencil on the floor, a robot will probably roll it around the room."，可知机器人尝试捡铅笔的时候可能会把铅笔滚来滚去，对应选项B。选项A“弄坏铅笔”原文未提及，选项C“找不到铅笔”不符合原文表述，选项D“看着铅笔滚动”和原文内容不符，因此选B。
2. 细节题：定位到"Get around in large space"部分的"But a robot will look everywhere for a door, even on ceilings and floors."，可知机器人找门的时候会到处搜索，甚至在天花板和地板上找，直接对应选项C。其余选项的内容在原文中均没有出现，因此选C。
3. 细节题：定位到最后两段，原文明确提到"Scientists have tried teaching robots common-sense rules."，和选项C表述完全一致。选项A“机器人自学常识”、选项B“机器人和人类有一样的常识”均不符合原文内容，选项D“大数据库对机器人学习常识帮助很大”和原文"even huge databases don't help much"的表述相反，因此选C。
4. 主旨判断题：全文都在介绍很多人类觉得非常简单的任务，机器人却很难完成，说明机器人在理解人类创造的世界这件事上存在困难，对应选项D。选项A“机器人对人类完全没有帮助”表述过于绝对，选项B“机器人擅长捡小东西”和原文内容相反，选项C“机器人很容易理解大空间”也和原文内容相悖，因此选D。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
细节信息定位，说明文阅读，信息正误判断
【点评】
本篇是难度较低的科普类阅读，绝大多数题目都可以直接在原文找到对应的原句，主要考察学生快速定位信息、比对原文和选项差异的能力，只要学生做题足够细心，避开偷换概念、无中生有的干扰项，就能顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8