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三、阅读理解。(每小题2.5分,共10分)
在知识拓展环节,学校邀请了科技领域的老师开展关于脑机接口(BCIs)的讲座。老师结合文章内容,为同学们讲解了脑机接口的基本原理、发展现状以及未来在学习领域的应用前景,让同学们意识到,高效学习不仅可以通过科学的方法,还可以借助科技的力量,进一步拓宽了大家的学习视野。
Have you thought of a world where you can control machines with just your thoughts? Scientists are working on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) to make it possible. BCIs are devices(装置) that connect the human brain directly to outside things, such as computers or other machines. They let our brains send messages to the outside machines, and the machines can understand and do what we want.
BCIs can be really helpful in medicine. One of the most exciting uses of BCIs is in healthcare. For example, if someone has a stroke(中风) and can't move his arm, a BCI might help him learn to move it again. People with other brain problems might also get better care because doctors can see what's going on inside their brains.
In education, BCIs could make learning much easier and more enjoyable. With a BCI, a student with a learning disability can process information easily. Or you can get lots of help with a subject you're struggling with by using your brain signals. BCIs could open up new worlds of knowledge for us, helping us to perform tasks that were impossible or highly challenging in the past.
However, there are also some concerns about BCIs. Some people are worried about privacy(隐私) as we must carefully consider who can see our thoughts and feelings. There are also concerns about the risk that someone could use BCIs to hurt or control other people. We need to make sure the technologies are used in a good and fair way.
Even with these challenges, BCIs are really exciting. They could change how we live and learn in ways we can't even imagine yet. As we move forward, it's important to think carefully about how we use BCIs and make sure they're safe and helpful for everyone.
1. What are BCIs created for by scientists according to the passage?
A. Stopping outside machines from controlling our brains.
B. Making outside machines do what people want.
C. Allowing computers to make better decisions for people.
D. Helping common people control others.
2. Which of the following can BCIs do according to the passage?
A. They can cure most brain diseases without doctors.
B. They can help patients fix new arms after a stroke.
C. They can provide better education for people in need.
D. They can offer learners help by recommending teachers.
3. What does the underlined word "concerns" mean?
A. Research.
B. Worries.
C. Suggestions.
D. Dreams.
4. What is the writer's attitude(态度) to BCIs in general?
A. Unclear.
B. Doubtful.
C. Hopeless.
D. Supportive.
在知识拓展环节,学校邀请了科技领域的老师开展关于脑机接口(BCIs)的讲座。老师结合文章内容,为同学们讲解了脑机接口的基本原理、发展现状以及未来在学习领域的应用前景,让同学们意识到,高效学习不仅可以通过科学的方法,还可以借助科技的力量,进一步拓宽了大家的学习视野。
Have you thought of a world where you can control machines with just your thoughts? Scientists are working on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) to make it possible. BCIs are devices(装置) that connect the human brain directly to outside things, such as computers or other machines. They let our brains send messages to the outside machines, and the machines can understand and do what we want.
BCIs can be really helpful in medicine. One of the most exciting uses of BCIs is in healthcare. For example, if someone has a stroke(中风) and can't move his arm, a BCI might help him learn to move it again. People with other brain problems might also get better care because doctors can see what's going on inside their brains.
In education, BCIs could make learning much easier and more enjoyable. With a BCI, a student with a learning disability can process information easily. Or you can get lots of help with a subject you're struggling with by using your brain signals. BCIs could open up new worlds of knowledge for us, helping us to perform tasks that were impossible or highly challenging in the past.
However, there are also some concerns about BCIs. Some people are worried about privacy(隐私) as we must carefully consider who can see our thoughts and feelings. There are also concerns about the risk that someone could use BCIs to hurt or control other people. We need to make sure the technologies are used in a good and fair way.
Even with these challenges, BCIs are really exciting. They could change how we live and learn in ways we can't even imagine yet. As we move forward, it's important to think carefully about how we use BCIs and make sure they're safe and helpful for everyone.
1. What are BCIs created for by scientists according to the passage?
A. Stopping outside machines from controlling our brains.
B. Making outside machines do what people want.
C. Allowing computers to make better decisions for people.
D. Helping common people control others.
2. Which of the following can BCIs do according to the passage?
A. They can cure most brain diseases without doctors.
B. They can help patients fix new arms after a stroke.
C. They can provide better education for people in need.
D. They can offer learners help by recommending teachers.
3. What does the underlined word "concerns" mean?
A. Research.
B. Worries.
C. Suggestions.
D. Dreams.
4. What is the writer's attitude(态度) to BCIs in general?
A. Unclear.
B. Doubtful.
C. Hopeless.
D. Supportive.
答案
1. B 细节理解题。根据“BCIs are devices that connect the human brain directly to outside things...They let our brains send messages to the outside machines, and the machines can understand and do what we want.”可知，科学家创造脑机接口是为了让外面的机器做人们想做的事。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，脑机接口可以为有需要的人提供更好的教育。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据“Some people are worried about privacy as we must carefully consider who can see our thoughts and feelings. There are also concerns about the risk that someone could use BCIs to hurt or control other people.”和选项可推知，有些人担心隐私，也有人担心有人会利用脑机接口伤害或控制他人，所以 concerns 意思是“担心，忧虑”，与worries 意思相近。
4. D 推理判断题。根据“Even with these challenges, BCIs are really exciting. They could change how we live and learn in ways we can't even imagine yet.”并结合全文内容可知，作者对脑机接口的态度是支持的。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，脑机接口可以为有需要的人提供更好的教育。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据“Some people are worried about privacy as we must carefully consider who can see our thoughts and feelings. There are also concerns about the risk that someone could use BCIs to hurt or control other people.”和选项可推知，有些人担心隐私，也有人担心有人会利用脑机接口伤害或控制他人，所以 concerns 意思是“担心，忧虑”，与worries 意思相近。
4. D 推理判断题。根据“Even with these challenges, BCIs are really exciting. They could change how we live and learn in ways we can't even imagine yet.”并结合全文内容可知，作者对脑机接口的态度是支持的。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍脑机接口（BCIs）的科普类阅读理解题，解题时可以按照题型特征逐一突破：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，先提取题干关键词“created for by scientists”，回到原文第一段定位关于BCIs功能的描述，将选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除不符合原文的错误选项，选出正确答案。
2. 第2题是推理判断题，定位原文介绍BCIs应用的医疗、教育两个段落，逐一核对每个选项的表述是否和原文内容匹配，排除无中生有、曲解原文的选项。
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，找到划线词所在的第四段，阅读划线词后面列举的两个负面相关的内容，结合选项推断单词的含义。
4. 第4题是作者态度推断题，重点阅读文章末尾作者的总结表述，结合全文整体倾向判断作者对BCIs的态度。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段“BCIs are devices that connect the human brain directly to outside things...They let our brains send messages to the outside machines, and the machines can understand and do what we want.”可知，科学家研发BCIs的目的是让外部机器执行人类想要的操作。A选项“阻止外部机器控制我们的大脑”原文未提及；C选项“允许电脑为人类做更好的决定”不符合原文表述；D选项“帮助普通人控制他人”是原文提到的需要防范的风险，不是研发目的，因此选B。
2. 推理判断题：根据原文第三段“In education, BCIs could make learning much easier and more enjoyable...BCIs could open up new worlds of knowledge for us”可知，BCIs可以在教育领域发挥作用，为有需要的人提供更好的教育支持。A选项“无需医生就能治愈大多数脑部疾病”曲解原文，原文只提到能给脑部疾病患者提供更好的护理；B选项“中风后帮助患者安装新的手臂”不符合原文，原文是帮助中风患者重新活动手臂；D选项“通过推荐老师给学习者提供帮助”原文完全没有提及，因此选C。
3. 词义猜测题：划线词后面列举了两类内容：一是人们担心隐私泄露，二是担心有人利用BCIs伤害、控制他人，都是人们对BCIs的负面顾虑、担忧，和B选项“Worries（担忧）”含义一致。A“研究”、C“建议”、D“梦想”都不符合语境，因此选B。
4. 推理判断题：根据原文最后一段“Even with these challenges, BCIs are really exciting. They could change how we live and learn in ways we can't even imagine yet.”可知，作者认为尽管BCIs存在挑战，但它的发展前景十分可观，整体持支持的态度。A“不清楚的”、B“怀疑的”、C“无望的”都不符合作者的表述倾向，因此选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，作者态度推断
【点评】
本题属于科普主题的常规阅读理解题，考点覆盖了阅读理解的常见题型，难度适中，提醒学生做阅读理解时所有判断都要依托原文给出的内容，不能凭自己的主观常识臆断，要锻炼快速定位原文关键信息的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍脑机接口（BCIs）的科普类阅读理解题，解题时可以按照题型特征逐一突破：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，先提取题干关键词“created for by scientists”，回到原文第一段定位关于BCIs功能的描述，将选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除不符合原文的错误选项，选出正确答案。
2. 第2题是推理判断题，定位原文介绍BCIs应用的医疗、教育两个段落，逐一核对每个选项的表述是否和原文内容匹配，排除无中生有、曲解原文的选项。
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，找到划线词所在的第四段，阅读划线词后面列举的两个负面相关的内容，结合选项推断单词的含义。
4. 第4题是作者态度推断题，重点阅读文章末尾作者的总结表述，结合全文整体倾向判断作者对BCIs的态度。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段“BCIs are devices that connect the human brain directly to outside things...They let our brains send messages to the outside machines, and the machines can understand and do what we want.”可知，科学家研发BCIs的目的是让外部机器执行人类想要的操作。A选项“阻止外部机器控制我们的大脑”原文未提及；C选项“允许电脑为人类做更好的决定”不符合原文表述；D选项“帮助普通人控制他人”是原文提到的需要防范的风险，不是研发目的，因此选B。
2. 推理判断题：根据原文第三段“In education, BCIs could make learning much easier and more enjoyable...BCIs could open up new worlds of knowledge for us”可知，BCIs可以在教育领域发挥作用，为有需要的人提供更好的教育支持。A选项“无需医生就能治愈大多数脑部疾病”曲解原文，原文只提到能给脑部疾病患者提供更好的护理；B选项“中风后帮助患者安装新的手臂”不符合原文，原文是帮助中风患者重新活动手臂；D选项“通过推荐老师给学习者提供帮助”原文完全没有提及，因此选C。
3. 词义猜测题：划线词后面列举了两类内容：一是人们担心隐私泄露，二是担心有人利用BCIs伤害、控制他人，都是人们对BCIs的负面顾虑、担忧，和B选项“Worries（担忧）”含义一致。A“研究”、C“建议”、D“梦想”都不符合语境，因此选B。
4. 推理判断题：根据原文最后一段“Even with these challenges, BCIs are really exciting. They could change how we live and learn in ways we can't even imagine yet.”可知，作者认为尽管BCIs存在挑战，但它的发展前景十分可观，整体持支持的态度。A“不清楚的”、B“怀疑的”、C“无望的”都不符合作者的表述倾向，因此选D。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，作者态度推断
【点评】
本题属于科普主题的常规阅读理解题，考点覆盖了阅读理解的常见题型，难度适中，提醒学生做阅读理解时所有判断都要依托原文给出的内容，不能凭自己的主观常识臆断，要锻炼快速定位原文关键信息的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
