11. 计算:$\sqrt{2}(π - 3.14)^0 - |\sqrt{2} - 1| + (\sqrt{9})^2.$
答案
11.10
12. 先简化,再求值:$(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x-y})÷\dfrac{1}{xy+y^2}$,其中$x=\sqrt{5}+2,y=\sqrt{5}-2$.
答案
12.$\dfrac{1}{2}$
13. 先阅读材料,然后回答问题.
阅读材料:运用平方差公式比较大小,如比较$\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{6}$与$\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}$的大小.
解:$\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{6}=\dfrac{(\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6})(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{6})}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6}}$,$\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}=\dfrac{(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5})(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5})}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}}$.
$\because \sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6}>\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}$,$\therefore \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6}}<\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}}$,$\therefore \sqrt{7}-\sqrt{6}<\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}$.
根据上面的材料比较$\sqrt{17}-\sqrt{15}$与$\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{13}$的大小.
阅读材料:运用平方差公式比较大小,如比较$\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{6}$与$\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}$的大小.
解:$\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{6}=\dfrac{(\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6})(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{6})}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6}}$,$\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}=\dfrac{(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5})(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5})}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}}$.
$\because \sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6}>\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}$,$\therefore \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{6}}<\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}}$,$\therefore \sqrt{7}-\sqrt{6}<\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{5}$.
根据上面的材料比较$\sqrt{17}-\sqrt{15}$与$\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{13}$的大小.
答案
13. 解:$\sqrt{17} - \sqrt{15} = \dfrac{(\sqrt{17} - \sqrt{15})(\sqrt{17} + \sqrt{15})}{\sqrt{17} + \sqrt{15}} = \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17} + \sqrt{15}}$,
$\sqrt{15} - \sqrt{13} = \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{13}}$,$\because \sqrt{17} + \sqrt{15} > \sqrt{15} + \sqrt{13}$,
$\therefore \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17} + \sqrt{15}} < \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{13}}$,$\therefore \sqrt{17} - \sqrt{15} < \sqrt{15} - \sqrt{13}$.
$\sqrt{15} - \sqrt{13} = \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{13}}$,$\because \sqrt{17} + \sqrt{15} > \sqrt{15} + \sqrt{13}$,
$\therefore \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17} + \sqrt{15}} < \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{13}}$,$\therefore \sqrt{17} - \sqrt{15} < \sqrt{15} - \sqrt{13}$.
14. 阅读下面的材料,然后回答问题.
在进行二次根式运算时,我们有时会碰上形如$\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}$的式子,我们可以将它化简:$\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}=$$\frac{2×(\sqrt{3}-1)}{(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)}=\frac{2×(\sqrt{3}-1)}{2}=\sqrt{3}-1$. 以上这种化简方法叫作分母有理化,还可以尝试用以下方法化简:$\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\frac{3-1}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\frac{(\sqrt{3})^2 - 1^2}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\frac{(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)}{(\sqrt{3}+1)}=\sqrt{3}-1$.
(1)请用两种不同的方法化简$\frac{2}{\sqrt{11}+3}$.
(2)请任选一种方法化简$\frac{3}{\sqrt{11}-2\sqrt{2}} - \frac{4}{\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{11}}$.
在进行二次根式运算时,我们有时会碰上形如$\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}$的式子,我们可以将它化简:$\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}=$$\frac{2×(\sqrt{3}-1)}{(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)}=\frac{2×(\sqrt{3}-1)}{2}=\sqrt{3}-1$. 以上这种化简方法叫作分母有理化,还可以尝试用以下方法化简:$\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\frac{3-1}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\frac{(\sqrt{3})^2 - 1^2}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\frac{(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)}{(\sqrt{3}+1)}=\sqrt{3}-1$.
(1)请用两种不同的方法化简$\frac{2}{\sqrt{11}+3}$.
(2)请任选一种方法化简$\frac{3}{\sqrt{11}-2\sqrt{2}} - \frac{4}{\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{11}}$.
答案
14. (1)方法1:$\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{11} + 3} = \dfrac{2(\sqrt{11} - 3)}{(\sqrt{11} + 3)(\sqrt{11} - 3)} = \dfrac{2(\sqrt{11} - 3)}{2} = \sqrt{11} - 3$.
方法2:$\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{11} + 3} = \dfrac{(\sqrt{11})^2 - 3^2}{\sqrt{11} + 3} = \dfrac{(\sqrt{11} + 3)(\sqrt{11} - 3)}{\sqrt{11} + 3} = \sqrt{11} - 3$.
(2)原式$= \dfrac{3(\sqrt{11} + 2\sqrt{2})}{(\sqrt{11} - 2\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{11} + 2\sqrt{2})} - \dfrac{4(\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{11})}{(\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{11})(\sqrt{15} - \sqrt{11})}$
$= \sqrt{11} + 2\sqrt{2} - (\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{11})$
$= 2\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{15}$.
方法2:$\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{11} + 3} = \dfrac{(\sqrt{11})^2 - 3^2}{\sqrt{11} + 3} = \dfrac{(\sqrt{11} + 3)(\sqrt{11} - 3)}{\sqrt{11} + 3} = \sqrt{11} - 3$.
(2)原式$= \dfrac{3(\sqrt{11} + 2\sqrt{2})}{(\sqrt{11} - 2\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{11} + 2\sqrt{2})} - \dfrac{4(\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{11})}{(\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{11})(\sqrt{15} - \sqrt{11})}$
$= \sqrt{11} + 2\sqrt{2} - (\sqrt{15} + \sqrt{11})$
$= 2\sqrt{2} - \sqrt{15}$.
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