Ⅰ. 根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子。
1. The little boy showed an interest in s research at an early age.
2. The w family supported his decision to be a professional runner.
3. She hopes that her friendship with Mary will last f.
4. When he was a little kid, he started a c of stamps.
5. Ben's family listened to the r to get the latest news about the earthquake.
6. The (探索) of the space is endless.
7. It's convenient for us to get some cash because there is a b around here.
8. A b is a person who does research on animals, plants and so on.
9. Many students have made great progress, i Paul.
10. It's admirable of him to (勇敢面对) the freezing cold weather and thin air.

Ⅰ. 1. scientific 2. whole 3. forever 4. collection
5. radio 6. exploration 7. bank 8. biologist
9. including 10. brave

【分析】
这类题目是根据句子语境、首字母或汉语提示填写正确英语单词，解题思路为：1. 通读句子，明确句子语义与结构；2. 结合给出的首字母或汉语提示，联想对应英语词汇；3. 验证词汇是否符合句子语法和语境要求，本题无单词变形，只需填写正确原形即可。
【解析】
1. 句意：小男孩早年就对科学研究表现出兴趣。结合首字母s，修饰名词research需用形容词，故填scientific（科学的）。
2. 句意：整个家庭支持他成为职业跑步者的决定。结合首字母w，固定搭配the whole family（整个家庭），故填whole。
3. 句意：她希望和玛丽的友谊能永远持续。结合首字母f，表时间的副词，故填forever（永远）。
4. 句意：他小时候就开始收集邮票。结合首字母c，固定搭配a collection of（……的收集），故填collection（收集，名词）。
5. 句意：本的家人听收音机获取地震的最新消息。结合首字母r，固定搭配listen to radio（听收音机），故填radio。
6. 句意：太空探索是无止境的。对应汉语提示“探索”，此处需名词，故填exploration（探索）。
7. 句意：我们取现金很方便，因为附近有一家银行。结合首字母b，与取现金相关的场所，故填bank（银行）。
8. 句意：生物学家是研究动植物等的人。结合首字母b，描述研究动植物的职业，故填biologist（生物学家）。
9. 句意：很多学生取得了很大进步，包括保罗。结合首字母i，表“包括”的介词，故填including。
10. 句意：他勇敢面对严寒天气和稀薄空气，令人钦佩。对应汉语提示“勇敢面对”，brave可作动词表该含义，故填brave。
【答案】
Ⅰ. 1. scientific 2. whole 3. forever 4. collection 5. radio 6. exploration 7. bank 8. biologist 9. including 10. brave
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础英语词汇填空题，考查核心词汇掌握及语境运用能力，涉及首字母、汉语提示两类基础考点，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅱ. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The (science) study shows that the more active the brain is, the better students learn.
2. He became (interest) in maths when he was a little kid.
3. To her surprise, the boy had a large (collect) of old phones.
4. The car is quite small, (especial) if you have children.
5. Although he sometimes (fall) sick, he carried on working.

Ⅱ. 1. scientific 2. interested 3. collection
4. especially 5. fell

【分析】
本题为用所给词的适当形式填空，需结合句子结构、固定搭配、时态规则判断所需词的形式：1. 空格修饰名词study，需用形容词；2. 考查固定搭配；3. 空格在不定冠词后，需用名词；4. 空格修饰句子，需用副词；5. 主句为过去时态，从句需对应过去式。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰名词study，需将名词science转换为形容词scientific，故填scientific；
2. 固定搭配become interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，故填interested；
3. 不定冠词a后需接名词，动词collect的名词形式为collection，故填collection；
4. 空格修饰整个句子作状语，需将形容词especial转换为副词especially，故填especially；
5. 主句谓语为过去式carried，从句需用一般过去时，fall的过去式为fell，故填fell。
【答案】
Ⅱ. 1. scientific 2. interested 3. collection 4. especially 5. fell
【知识点】
词性转换、固定搭配、一般过去时
【点评】
本题为英语基础题型，考查词形变化、固定搭配及时态运用，难度较低，适合巩固基础。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅲ. 阅读短文,用方框中所给词的恰当形式填空,每词仅用一次。
focus behind collect know show
Zhong Yang, a famous Chinese seed scientist, spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. When he was young, he 1. a great interest in what he studied. After he became a professor at Fudan University, the research and study of plants became the 2. of his life. When he discovered there was not enough research on the seeds from Xizang, he went there 3. seeds himself. He also began a programme to find and train local students to become scientists. His hard work made people around the world 4. more about plants in China. Zhong Yang not only left 5. a huge collection of seeds, but also his love for research, which lives on in his students.

Ⅲ. 1. showed 2. focus 3. to collect 4. know
5. behind

【分析】首先通读短文理解大意，短文介绍了种子科学家钟扬的生平事迹。接着逐个分析空格：1. 空格前主语是he，时间状语为过去时，需用动词过去式，结合固定搭配show a great interest，对应方框内的show；2. 定冠词the后需接名词，结合语境“植物研究是他一生的焦点”，对应方框内的focus；3. 空格处表目的，需用不定式作目的状语，对应方框内的collect；4. 结合固定搭配make sb do sth，对应方框内的know；5. 结合固定搭配leave behind，对应方框内的behind。
【解析】1. 由时间状语"When he was young"可知，句子用一般过去时，固定搭配show a great interest表示“表现出极大兴趣”，故填showed；2. 定冠词the后接名词，focus意为“焦点”，符合“植物研究是他一生的焦点”的语境，故填focus；3. 此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，collect seeds表示“收集种子”，故填to collect；4. 固定搭配make sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”，故填know；5. 固定搭配leave behind意为“留下”，符合语境，故填behind。
【答案】1. showed 2. focus 3. to collect 4. know 5. behind
【知识点】动词时态、固定搭配、非谓语动词
【点评】本题为英语选词填空题，考查词汇在语境中的灵活运用，需结合时态、词性、固定搭配等基础知识，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生巩固相关知识点。
【难度系数】0.6