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四、阅读理解
Foxes with nine tails, animals with human faces and fish bodies, turtles with bird heads and snake tails... These magical animals are from *Shan Hai Jing* (*The Classic of Mountains and Seas*). This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today's works. Let's learn more about it!
Shan Hai Jing* took shape before the Qin dynasty (221—207 BC). Like an encyclopedia (百科全书), it writes about the world in the eyes of people at that time. The 30,000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.
Shan Hai Jing* has a deep influence on the culture of mythology (神话) in the world. It was taken to Japan during the Sui and Tang dynasties, or much earlier. In Japan, it was popular. People there once saw it as a guidebook for travelling in China. The book's monsters were also popular.
Shan Hai Jing* has inspired many works. Liu Siliang is a teacher at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He said the book inspired the writing of *Journey to the West* and *Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio*. Pop culture works also borrow ideas from the book. Some of animals in the book even go into movies, such as Zouwu, the star monster in *Shan Hai Jing*. It has a tiger body with stripes of five colours. Its tail is longer than its body. It can travel 1,600 kilometres in a day. We can see it in the popular movie *Fantastic Beasts Ⅱ* in 2021.
1. Why does the writer talk about the strange animals in Paragraph 1?
A. To answer some questions.
B. To give some examples.
C. To interest the readers.
D. To make a conclusion.
2. The underlined word "inspired" in Paragraph 1 has similar meaning to the underlined word in "
A. We need someone to inspire the team.
B. He inspired many young people to take up basketball.
C. His driving hardly inspires confidence (信心).
D. His book was inspired by the story of a little girl.
3. Which of the following can you find in *Shan Hai Jing*?
① states ② mountains ③ rivers
④ plants ⑤ monsters
A. ①②③④
B. ①②③⑤
C. ②③④⑤
D. ①③④⑤
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. *Shan Hai Jing* has inspired works across the world.
B. *Shan Hai Jing* includes many special monsters.
C. *Shan Hai Jing* sells very well around the world.
D. All the people like the monsters from *Shan Hai Jing*.
Foxes with nine tails, animals with human faces and fish bodies, turtles with bird heads and snake tails... These magical animals are from *Shan Hai Jing* (*The Classic of Mountains and Seas*). This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today's works. Let's learn more about it!
Shan Hai Jing* took shape before the Qin dynasty (221—207 BC). Like an encyclopedia (百科全书), it writes about the world in the eyes of people at that time. The 30,000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.
Shan Hai Jing* has a deep influence on the culture of mythology (神话) in the world. It was taken to Japan during the Sui and Tang dynasties, or much earlier. In Japan, it was popular. People there once saw it as a guidebook for travelling in China. The book's monsters were also popular.
Shan Hai Jing* has inspired many works. Liu Siliang is a teacher at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He said the book inspired the writing of *Journey to the West* and *Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio*. Pop culture works also borrow ideas from the book. Some of animals in the book even go into movies, such as Zouwu, the star monster in *Shan Hai Jing*. It has a tiger body with stripes of five colours. Its tail is longer than its body. It can travel 1,600 kilometres in a day. We can see it in the popular movie *Fantastic Beasts Ⅱ* in 2021.
1. Why does the writer talk about the strange animals in Paragraph 1?
A. To answer some questions.
B. To give some examples.
C. To interest the readers.
D. To make a conclusion.
2. The underlined word "inspired" in Paragraph 1 has similar meaning to the underlined word in "
D
".A. We need someone to inspire the team.
B. He inspired many young people to take up basketball.
C. His driving hardly inspires confidence (信心).
D. His book was inspired by the story of a little girl.
3. Which of the following can you find in *Shan Hai Jing*?
① states ② mountains ③ rivers
④ plants ⑤ monsters
A. ①②③④
B. ①②③⑤
C. ②③④⑤
D. ①③④⑤
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. *Shan Hai Jing* has inspired works across the world.
B. *Shan Hai Jing* includes many special monsters.
C. *Shan Hai Jing* sells very well around the world.
D. All the people like the monsters from *Shan Hai Jing*.
答案
1. C
2. D 【解析】根据画线词后的“today’s works”和最后一段中“He said the book inspired the writing of Journey to the West... Some of animals in the book even go into movies”可知，《山海经》赋予很多作品灵感，则画线词“inspired”表示“赋予灵感”。D 项意为“他的书的灵感来自一个小女孩的故事”，其中的“inspired”与画线词同义。
3. B 【解析】根据第二段中“The 30,000 - word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.”和第三段中“The book’s monsters were also popular.”可知，《山海经》中记录了邦国、山脉、河流、历史人物、动物和怪兽，则①②③⑤符合题意。
4. A 【解析】通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today’s works.”和最后一段中“Shan Hai Jing has inspired many works.”可知，本文主要介绍了《山海经》对世界各地文化作品的启发。
2. D 【解析】根据画线词后的“today’s works”和最后一段中“He said the book inspired the writing of Journey to the West... Some of animals in the book even go into movies”可知，《山海经》赋予很多作品灵感，则画线词“inspired”表示“赋予灵感”。D 项意为“他的书的灵感来自一个小女孩的故事”，其中的“inspired”与画线词同义。
3. B 【解析】根据第二段中“The 30,000 - word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.”和第三段中“The book’s monsters were also popular.”可知，《山海经》中记录了邦国、山脉、河流、历史人物、动物和怪兽，则①②③⑤符合题意。
4. A 【解析】通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This old book played an important role in the world and inspired today’s works.”和最后一段中“Shan Hai Jing has inspired many works.”可知，本文主要介绍了《山海经》对世界各地文化作品的启发。
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：文章开头列举九尾狐、人面鱼身的神奇动物，这类新奇内容的作用通常是吸引读者好奇心，引导读者继续阅读以了解《山海经》。结合选项，A“回答问题”、B“举例”、D“下结论”均不符合开头的写作逻辑，只有C选项符合。
2. 第2题：先明确原文中“inspired”的含义：原文指《山海经》为如今的诸多作品赋予灵感。再逐一分析选项：A、B选项中“inspired”是“激励”的意思，C选项是“唤起”的意思，只有D选项中“inspired”表示“从……获得灵感”，和原文含义匹配。
3. 第3题：需定位原文提取信息，第二段提到《山海经》记录了邦国、山脉、河流、历史人物、动物，第三段提到书中的怪兽，文中未提及植物，因此①②③⑤符合条件，对应选项B。
4. 第4题：找主旨需关注文章核心句，首段点明《山海经》启发了诸多作品，最后一段再次强调这一点，全文围绕该核心展开。B选项仅提及怪兽过于片面，C选项未涉及销量，D选项“所有人喜欢”表述绝对，均不符合主旨，只有A选项正确。
【解析】
1. 第1题：文章开头用新奇的神奇动物吸引读者阅读兴趣，进而引出《山海经》，因此答案选C。
2. 第2题：根据原文“inspired today’s works”以及最后一段中《山海经》启发《西游记》等作品的内容，可知“inspired”表示“赋予灵感”。D选项“他的书的灵感来自一个小女孩的故事”中的“inspired”与原文含义一致，其他选项中“inspired”均表示“激励、唤起”，与原文不符，故选D。
3. 第3题：根据第二段“The 30,000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.”以及第三段“The book’s monsters were also popular.”可知，《山海经》记录了邦国、山脉、河流、怪兽，未提及植物，因此①②③⑤符合题意，选B。
4. 第4题：通读全文，首段指出《山海经》在世界上有重要作用且启发了如今的作品，最后一段再次强调它启发了诸多作品，全文核心是介绍《山海经》对世界各地文化作品的启发，A选项符合主旨；B选项仅提及怪兽过于片面，C选项未提及书籍销量，D选项“所有人喜欢”表述绝对，均不符合，故选A。
【答案】
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
【知识点】
1. 写作目的判断
2. 词义猜测
3. 细节查找与主旨归纳
【点评】
本文围绕《山海经》展开，介绍了它的成书背景、记载内容、对世界神话文化的影响以及对各类作品的启发。题目覆盖了阅读理解常见的考查类型，需要学生结合原文精准分析选项，掌握阅读理解的基础解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题：文章开头列举九尾狐、人面鱼身的神奇动物，这类新奇内容的作用通常是吸引读者好奇心，引导读者继续阅读以了解《山海经》。结合选项，A“回答问题”、B“举例”、D“下结论”均不符合开头的写作逻辑，只有C选项符合。
2. 第2题：先明确原文中“inspired”的含义：原文指《山海经》为如今的诸多作品赋予灵感。再逐一分析选项：A、B选项中“inspired”是“激励”的意思，C选项是“唤起”的意思，只有D选项中“inspired”表示“从……获得灵感”，和原文含义匹配。
3. 第3题：需定位原文提取信息，第二段提到《山海经》记录了邦国、山脉、河流、历史人物、动物，第三段提到书中的怪兽，文中未提及植物，因此①②③⑤符合条件，对应选项B。
4. 第4题：找主旨需关注文章核心句，首段点明《山海经》启发了诸多作品，最后一段再次强调这一点，全文围绕该核心展开。B选项仅提及怪兽过于片面，C选项未涉及销量，D选项“所有人喜欢”表述绝对，均不符合主旨，只有A选项正确。
【解析】
1. 第1题：文章开头用新奇的神奇动物吸引读者阅读兴趣，进而引出《山海经》，因此答案选C。
2. 第2题：根据原文“inspired today’s works”以及最后一段中《山海经》启发《西游记》等作品的内容，可知“inspired”表示“赋予灵感”。D选项“他的书的灵感来自一个小女孩的故事”中的“inspired”与原文含义一致，其他选项中“inspired”均表示“激励、唤起”，与原文不符，故选D。
3. 第3题：根据第二段“The 30,000-word book records about 40 states, 550 mountains, 300 rivers, more than 100 people in history and 400 interesting animals.”以及第三段“The book’s monsters were also popular.”可知，《山海经》记录了邦国、山脉、河流、怪兽，未提及植物，因此①②③⑤符合题意，选B。
4. 第4题：通读全文，首段指出《山海经》在世界上有重要作用且启发了如今的作品，最后一段再次强调它启发了诸多作品，全文核心是介绍《山海经》对世界各地文化作品的启发，A选项符合主旨；B选项仅提及怪兽过于片面，C选项未提及书籍销量，D选项“所有人喜欢”表述绝对，均不符合，故选A。
【答案】
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
【知识点】
1. 写作目的判断
2. 词义猜测
3. 细节查找与主旨归纳
【点评】
本文围绕《山海经》展开，介绍了它的成书背景、记载内容、对世界神话文化的影响以及对各类作品的启发。题目覆盖了阅读理解常见的考查类型，需要学生结合原文精准分析选项，掌握阅读理解的基础解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
