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Ⅳ. 阅读理解
Are you tired of doing chores? Imagine a life without folding laundry or carrying heavy bags. That life is here with NEO. NEO is the first “humanoid（类人的）” robot for home use.
The robot is made to fit into your house. It looks just like a human. It stands 1.6 metres tall and weighs only 30 kilograms. Because it is shaped like a person, it can work with you like a friend. The robot is smart and helpful. It can clean surfaces and do most of the housework. It can even make simple conversations with guests at the door. The robot uses advanced AI and understands voice commands（指令）. You can also schedule its tasks through an app.
The robot is light but very strong. It can lift items up to 70 kilograms when it stands still. While walking, it can easily carry 25 kilograms. Also, its power system is automatic（自动的）, so you don't have to worry about it all day. When the battery（电池）is low, it finds the charger by itself.
You might think such a strong machine would be loud. But the robot is different. It makes only 22 decibels（分贝）of sound. This is as quiet as a fridge. It has a soft body and smart sensors, so you can trust it with children and pets.
Of course, such smart technology is expensive. Although the price is high, this invention could change lives for the elderly or busy families. It is a big step toward a smarter and easier world.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about NEO?
A. It is 1.6 metres tall and weighs 70 kilograms.
B. It can lift items up to 70 kilograms when standing still.
C. It can carry 70 kilograms while walking.
D. It makes more noise than a refrigerator.
2. What does “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The battery.
B. The home robot.
C. The charger.
D. The app.
3. What can you infer（推断）from the text?
A. People can buy the home robot now.
B. The machine could make loud noises.
C. The invention is safe with the children.
D. The robot can change the lives for poor people.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The uses of a home robot.
B. The price of a home robot.
C. The advantages of a home robot.
D. The introduction to a home robot.
Are you tired of doing chores? Imagine a life without folding laundry or carrying heavy bags. That life is here with NEO. NEO is the first “humanoid（类人的）” robot for home use.
The robot is made to fit into your house. It looks just like a human. It stands 1.6 metres tall and weighs only 30 kilograms. Because it is shaped like a person, it can work with you like a friend. The robot is smart and helpful. It can clean surfaces and do most of the housework. It can even make simple conversations with guests at the door. The robot uses advanced AI and understands voice commands（指令）. You can also schedule its tasks through an app.
The robot is light but very strong. It can lift items up to 70 kilograms when it stands still. While walking, it can easily carry 25 kilograms. Also, its power system is automatic（自动的）, so you don't have to worry about it all day. When the battery（电池）is low, it finds the charger by itself.
You might think such a strong machine would be loud. But the robot is different. It makes only 22 decibels（分贝）of sound. This is as quiet as a fridge. It has a soft body and smart sensors, so you can trust it with children and pets.
Of course, such smart technology is expensive. Although the price is high, this invention could change lives for the elderly or busy families. It is a big step toward a smarter and easier world.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about NEO?
A. It is 1.6 metres tall and weighs 70 kilograms.
B. It can lift items up to 70 kilograms when standing still.
C. It can carry 70 kilograms while walking.
D. It makes more noise than a refrigerator.
2. What does “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The battery.
B. The home robot.
C. The charger.
D. The app.
3. What can you infer（推断）from the text?
A. People can buy the home robot now.
B. The machine could make loud noises.
C. The invention is safe with the children.
D. The robot can change the lives for poor people.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The uses of a home robot.
B. The price of a home robot.
C. The advantages of a home robot.
D. The introduction to a home robot.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D
解析
【分析】
本题为阅读理解题，涵盖细节理解、代词指代、推理判断、主旨大意四类题型。解题时需先通读全文，针对每个小题定位原文对应段落，逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除错误选项，确定正确答案。
1题需定位第三段关于NEO的参数描述；2题需结合代词所在句的上下文判断指代对象；3题需根据原文信息合理推断；4题需梳理全文内容总结主旨。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：A选项中NEO体重为30公斤而非70公斤，错误；B选项与第三段“it can lift items up to 70 kilograms when it stands still”表述一致，正确；C选项行走时可携带25公斤而非70公斤，错误；D选项噪音和冰箱一样，并非更大，错误。故选B。
2. 代词指代题：第三段最后一句“When the battery is low, it finds the charger by itself.”，结合前文语境，此处“it”指代家用机器人NEO，故选B。
3. 推理判断题：A选项文中未提及可购买；B选项与第四段“it makes only 22 decibels of sound”（噪音小）矛盾；C选项对应第四段“you can trust it with children and pets”，可推断该机器人对孩子安全，正确；D选项是改变老人或忙碌家庭的生活，而非穷人，错误。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题：全文介绍家用机器人NEO的外观、功能、性能等情况，属于对该家用机器人的介绍，故选D。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、代词指代题、推理判断题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是介绍家用机器人的说明文，题型全面，考查学生定位原文信息、理解细节及主旨的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为阅读理解题，涵盖细节理解、代词指代、推理判断、主旨大意四类题型。解题时需先通读全文，针对每个小题定位原文对应段落，逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除错误选项，确定正确答案。
1题需定位第三段关于NEO的参数描述；2题需结合代词所在句的上下文判断指代对象；3题需根据原文信息合理推断；4题需梳理全文内容总结主旨。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：A选项中NEO体重为30公斤而非70公斤，错误；B选项与第三段“it can lift items up to 70 kilograms when it stands still”表述一致，正确；C选项行走时可携带25公斤而非70公斤，错误；D选项噪音和冰箱一样，并非更大，错误。故选B。
2. 代词指代题：第三段最后一句“When the battery is low, it finds the charger by itself.”，结合前文语境，此处“it”指代家用机器人NEO，故选B。
3. 推理判断题：A选项文中未提及可购买；B选项与第四段“it makes only 22 decibels of sound”（噪音小）矛盾；C选项对应第四段“you can trust it with children and pets”，可推断该机器人对孩子安全，正确；D选项是改变老人或忙碌家庭的生活，而非穷人，错误。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题：全文介绍家用机器人NEO的外观、功能、性能等情况，属于对该家用机器人的介绍，故选D。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、代词指代题、推理判断题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是介绍家用机器人的说明文，题型全面，考查学生定位原文信息、理解细节及主旨的能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅰ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Computers
2. This new kind of phone
3. Many trees
4. The little machine
5. Many useful apps
6. He
7. These robots can
8. The problem
9. Photos can
10. A new type of energy
1. Computers
are being used
(use) widely in many fields around the world now.2. This new kind of phone
was made
(make) in China last year.3. Many trees
are planted
(plant) to make our city greener every spring.4. The little machine
was invented
(invent) by a middle school student last term.5. Many useful apps
have been created
(create) to help people with their study and life recently.6. He
is thought
of as a great writer.7. These robots can
be shown
(show) in the science museum next week.8. The problem
was/has been solved
(solve) by my teacher with the help of new technology.9. Photos can
be taken
(take) with this new camera easily.10. A new type of energy
was discovered
(discover) by scientists last month.答案
1. are being used 2. was made 3. are planted 4. was invented 5. have been created 6. is thought 7. be shown 8. was/has been solved 9. be taken 10. was discovered
解析
【分析】首先判断每个句子的主语是动作的承受者，因此需使用被动语态；再根据句中的时间标志词（如now、last year、every spring、recently、next week等）确定对应的时态，结合不同时态的被动语态结构，对所给单词进行适当变形。
【解析】1. 主语computers是动作use的承受者，时间状语now提示用现在进行时的被动语态，结构为are being +过去分词，故填are being used；2. 主语new kind of phone是动作make的承受者，时间状语last year提示用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was +过去分词，故填was made；3. 主语many trees是动作plant的承受者，时间状语every spring提示用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为are +过去分词，故填are planted；4. 主语little machine是动作invent的承受者，时间状语last term提示用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was +过去分词，故填was invented；5. 主语apps是动作create的承受者，时间状语recently提示用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为have been +过去分词，故填have been created；6. 固定搭配be thought of as表“被认为是”，主语he为单数，表客观情况用一般现在时被动，故填is thought；7. 情态动词can后接被动结构“情态动词+be+过去分词”，故填be shown；8. 主语problem是动作solve的承受者，无明确时间，可对应一般过去时或现在完成时的被动，故填was/has been solved；9. 情态动词can后接被动结构，故填be taken；10. 主语new type of energy是动作discover的承受者，时间状语last month提示用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was +过去分词，故填was discovered。
【答案】1. are being used 2. was made 3. are planted 4. was invented 5. have been created 6. is thought 7. be shown 8. was/has been solved 9. be taken 10. was discovered
【知识点】一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语态、现在完成时被动语态
【点评】本题考查不同时态下的被动语态运用，需结合主语与动作的被动关系、时间标志确定时态，是初中英语核心基础语法考点，侧重基础应用。
【难度系数】0.3
【解析】1. 主语computers是动作use的承受者，时间状语now提示用现在进行时的被动语态，结构为are being +过去分词，故填are being used；2. 主语new kind of phone是动作make的承受者，时间状语last year提示用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was +过去分词，故填was made；3. 主语many trees是动作plant的承受者，时间状语every spring提示用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为are +过去分词，故填are planted；4. 主语little machine是动作invent的承受者，时间状语last term提示用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was +过去分词，故填was invented；5. 主语apps是动作create的承受者，时间状语recently提示用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为have been +过去分词，故填have been created；6. 固定搭配be thought of as表“被认为是”，主语he为单数，表客观情况用一般现在时被动，故填is thought；7. 情态动词can后接被动结构“情态动词+be+过去分词”，故填be shown；8. 主语problem是动作solve的承受者，无明确时间，可对应一般过去时或现在完成时的被动，故填was/has been solved；9. 情态动词can后接被动结构，故填be taken；10. 主语new type of energy是动作discover的承受者，时间状语last month提示用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was +过去分词，故填was discovered。
【答案】1. are being used 2. was made 3. are planted 4. was invented 5. have been created 6. is thought 7. be shown 8. was/has been solved 9. be taken 10. was discovered
【知识点】一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语态、现在完成时被动语态
【点评】本题考查不同时态下的被动语态运用，需结合主语与动作的被动关系、时间标志确定时态，是初中英语核心基础语法考点，侧重基础应用。
【难度系数】0.3
