2026年同步练习册八年级数学下册青岛版北京教育出版社第46页答案
21. (10分)已知$x = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5} - \sqrt{3}}$,$y = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{3}}$,求下列各式的值.
(1)$x^{2} - xy + y^{2}$;
(2)$\dfrac{x}{y} + \dfrac{y}{x}$.

答案

21. 解: $ x = \frac{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{3}}{(\sqrt{5} - \sqrt{3})(\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{3})} = \frac{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{3}}{5 - 3} = \frac{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{3}}{2} $, 同理, $ y = \frac{\sqrt{5} - \sqrt{3}}{2} $,
$ \therefore x + y = \frac{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{3}}{2} + \frac{\sqrt{5} - \sqrt{3}}{2} = \sqrt{5} $, $ xy = \frac{\sqrt{5} + \sqrt{3}}{2} · \frac{\sqrt{5} - \sqrt{3}}{2} = \frac{1}{2} $.
(1) $ x^2 - xy + y^2 = x^2 + 2xy + y^2 - 3xy = (x + y)^2 - 3xy = (\sqrt{5})^2 - 3 × \frac{1}{2} = 5 - \frac{3}{2} = \frac{7}{2} $.
(2) $ \frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{x} = \frac{x^2 + y^2}{xy} = \frac{(x + y)^2 - 2xy}{xy} = \frac{(\sqrt{5})^2 - 2 × \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}} = 8 $.
22. (10分)如图,在$\mathrm{Rt} △ ABC$中,$∠ C = 90°$,$AC = \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2}$,$BC = \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2}$,求:
(1)$\mathrm{Rt} △ ABC$的面积;
(2)斜边$AB$的长.

答案

22. 解: (1) $ \because $ 在 $ \mathrm{Rt} △ ABC $ 中, $ ∠ C = 90° $, $ AC = \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2} $, $ BC = \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2} $,
$ \therefore \mathrm{Rt} △ ABC $ 的面积为 $ \frac{1}{2}AC · BC = \frac{(\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2})}{2} = \frac{3 - 2}{2} = \frac{1}{2} $.
(2) 在 $ \mathrm{Rt} △ ABC $ 中, $ ∠ C = 90° $, $ AC = \sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2} $, $ BC = \sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2} $,
$ \therefore AB = \sqrt{AC^2 + BC^2} = \sqrt{(\sqrt{3} - \sqrt{2})^2 + (\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{2})^2} = \sqrt{3 - 2\sqrt{6} + 2 + 3 + 2\sqrt{6} + 2} = \sqrt{10} $,
即斜边 $ AB $ 的长是 $ \sqrt{10} $.