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(2025·南京期末)Since the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE—256 BCE), a complete etiquette (about good manners) system has been set. Today, many of these rules are not as strict as before. However, some are still followed on important occasions(场合) and are thought of as good examples of good manners.
Walking Etiquette
① In ancient China, while walking with someone with a higher status(地位) or an old person, one should lower one's head, bend down, and walk a little bit behind them. If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle. One should bow down and walk fast using smaller steps when passing by an elder or a teacher.
Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules
② Everyone should be sitting in a proper position(位置) at dining tables. It is based on their titles, ranks, or age. If someone doesn't know the exact position, they should wait and follow the host's lead. The best seat is the one that faces the east or the door. Hosts usually sit facing the west.
Bow, and Fist-and-Palm Salute(抱拳礼)
③ Bow, in Chinese Yi Li or Zuo Yi, means having their hands folded in front in different ways. Today, however, the simplest Zuo Yi gesture is good enough, as well as nodding, smiling, and handshaking.
④ The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of Yi Li, with the fist's right hand covered by the left hand. It first appeared in the army when people held weapons(武器) while showing respect to others. So, people always use the left hand to cover the right hand that holds weapons.
(
A. In the middle. B. On the left. C. On the right. D. At the back.
(
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
(
(
A. To give an example. B. To set the order.
C. To add more information. D. To show a result.
(
A. Another kind of Chinese etiquette.
B. Another kind of Western etiquette.
C. Differences among the three kinds of etiquette.
D. Differences between Chinese and Western etiquette.
(2025·南京期末)Since the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BCE—256 BCE), a complete etiquette (about good manners) system has been set. Today, many of these rules are not as strict as before. However, some are still followed on important occasions(场合) and are thought of as good examples of good manners.
Walking Etiquette
① In ancient China, while walking with someone with a higher status(地位) or an old person, one should lower one's head, bend down, and walk a little bit behind them. If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle. One should bow down and walk fast using smaller steps when passing by an elder or a teacher.
Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules
② Everyone should be sitting in a proper position(位置) at dining tables. It is based on their titles, ranks, or age. If someone doesn't know the exact position, they should wait and follow the host's lead. The best seat is the one that faces the east or the door. Hosts usually sit facing the west.
Bow, and Fist-and-Palm Salute(抱拳礼)
③ Bow, in Chinese Yi Li or Zuo Yi, means having their hands folded in front in different ways. Today, however, the simplest Zuo Yi gesture is good enough, as well as nodding, smiling, and handshaking.
④ The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of Yi Li, with the fist's right hand covered by the left hand. It first appeared in the army when people held weapons(武器) while showing respect to others. So, people always use the left hand to cover the right hand that holds weapons.
(
A
)36. In ancient China, which place should your teacher be when walking with you and your classmate?A. In the middle. B. On the left. C. On the right. D. At the back.
(
B
)37. Where can we put the sentence "The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners." in the passage?A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
(
C
)38. 新考法图示理解 Which of the following pictures correctly describes "the Fist-and-Palm Salute"?(
C
)39. Why is the underlined sentence included in the last paragraph?A. To give an example. B. To set the order.
C. To add more information. D. To show a result.
(
A
)40. 新考法创新设问 What may the writer talk about in the following paragraph?A. Another kind of Chinese etiquette.
B. Another kind of Western etiquette.
C. Differences among the three kinds of etiquette.
D. Differences between Chinese and Western etiquette.
答案
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国古代的三种礼仪规范:行走礼仪、坐席礼仪和揖礼,并提及部分礼仪在现代的简化应用。
36. A 细节理解题。根据“If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle.”可知,在古代,老师应走在“我”和“我”的同学之间。故选A。
37. B 补全文章题。根据“The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners.”可知,此句与坐姿礼仪和座位规则有关。又根据“Everyone should be sitting in a proper position at dining tables.”可知,此处也与座位规则有关,故②处适合放此句子。故选B。
38. C 图示理解题。根据“The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of Yi Li, with the fist's right hand covered by the left hand.”可知,抱拳礼为右手握拳、左手覆于其上,图片需体现左手在上、右手在下的动作。选项中仅C符合描述。故选C。
39. C 推理判断题。画线句“So, people always use the left hand to cover the right hand that holds weapons.”进一步解释抱拳礼的军事起源细节,属于补充信息。故选C。
40. A 推理判断题。通读全文可知,全文围绕中国古代礼仪展开,末段提及揖礼后,下文最可能延续同类主题,即介绍另一种中国礼仪。故选A。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国古代的三种礼仪规范:行走礼仪、坐席礼仪和揖礼,并提及部分礼仪在现代的简化应用。
36. A 细节理解题。根据“If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle.”可知,在古代,老师应走在“我”和“我”的同学之间。故选A。
37. B 补全文章题。根据“The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners.”可知,此句与坐姿礼仪和座位规则有关。又根据“Everyone should be sitting in a proper position at dining tables.”可知,此处也与座位规则有关,故②处适合放此句子。故选B。
38. C 图示理解题。根据“The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of Yi Li, with the fist's right hand covered by the left hand.”可知,抱拳礼为右手握拳、左手覆于其上,图片需体现左手在上、右手在下的动作。选项中仅C符合描述。故选C。
39. C 推理判断题。画线句“So, people always use the left hand to cover the right hand that holds weapons.”进一步解释抱拳礼的军事起源细节,属于补充信息。故选C。
40. A 推理判断题。通读全文可知,全文围绕中国古代礼仪展开,末段提及揖礼后,下文最可能延续同类主题,即介绍另一种中国礼仪。故选A。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国传统礼仪的说明文阅读，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章分别介绍了行走礼仪、坐席礼仪、抱拳礼三类传统礼仪的核心内容，再逐题对应考点梳理思路：
1. 细节题直接回文定位对应段落的原文描述，就能快速锁定答案；
2. 句子还原题先提取待插入句子的核心主题，匹配对应主题的段落位置即可；
3. 图示理解题直接抓取目标礼仪的动作描述，对照图示特征筛选；
4. 推理判断题结合上下文逻辑、全文整体主题推导内容作用和后续行文方向。
【解析】
36. 细节定位：根据Walking Etiquette部分原文"If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle."，可知三人同行时老师应当走在中间，对应选项A。
37. 语篇还原：待插入句子核心含义为"座位排序至今仍广泛应用在家庭聚餐和商务宴请中"，主题完全匹配介绍餐桌座位规则的②所在的坐席礼仪段落，放在此处可以承接古代座位规则的介绍，补充说明该礼仪在现代的延续使用，其余位置分别对应行走礼仪、鞠躬礼、抱拳礼，和座位主题无关，因此选B。
38. 图示理解：根据原文对抱拳礼的描述"The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of Yi Li, with the fist's right hand covered by the left hand."，可知抱拳礼的动作是右手握拳，左手手掌覆盖在右拳之上，符合该动作特征的只有选项C的图示，因此选C。
39. 推理判断：划线句承接前文"抱拳礼最早起源于军队，人们手持武器同时向他人表达尊重"的内容，进一步补充解释了"用左手盖住持武器的右手"的细节由来，属于补充相关额外信息，对应选项C。
40. 后续内容推断：全文始终围绕中国传统礼仪展开，没有提及西方礼仪，也没有铺垫要对比三类礼仪或者中西方礼仪的相关内容，介绍完已有的三类礼仪后，下文最符合行文逻辑的是继续介绍另一种中国传统礼仪，对应选项A。
【答案】
36. A 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. A
【知识点】
细节理解、语篇逻辑、推理判断
【点评】
本题结合中国传统礼仪的文化情境命题，设置了图示理解、后续内容推断的创新考法，既考查学生快速定位原文信息、梳理段落逻辑的阅读能力，也渗透了传统文化常识，整体考点常规，只要细心比对原文细节就能顺利得分。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇介绍中国传统礼仪的说明文阅读，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章分别介绍了行走礼仪、坐席礼仪、抱拳礼三类传统礼仪的核心内容，再逐题对应考点梳理思路：
1. 细节题直接回文定位对应段落的原文描述，就能快速锁定答案；
2. 句子还原题先提取待插入句子的核心主题，匹配对应主题的段落位置即可；
3. 图示理解题直接抓取目标礼仪的动作描述，对照图示特征筛选；
4. 推理判断题结合上下文逻辑、全文整体主题推导内容作用和后续行文方向。
【解析】
36. 细节定位：根据Walking Etiquette部分原文"If three people walk together, the elder or a teacher should be in the middle."，可知三人同行时老师应当走在中间，对应选项A。
37. 语篇还原：待插入句子核心含义为"座位排序至今仍广泛应用在家庭聚餐和商务宴请中"，主题完全匹配介绍餐桌座位规则的②所在的坐席礼仪段落，放在此处可以承接古代座位规则的介绍，补充说明该礼仪在现代的延续使用，其余位置分别对应行走礼仪、鞠躬礼、抱拳礼，和座位主题无关，因此选B。
38. 图示理解：根据原文对抱拳礼的描述"The Fist-and-Palm Salute, is another type of Yi Li, with the fist's right hand covered by the left hand."，可知抱拳礼的动作是右手握拳，左手手掌覆盖在右拳之上，符合该动作特征的只有选项C的图示，因此选C。
39. 推理判断：划线句承接前文"抱拳礼最早起源于军队，人们手持武器同时向他人表达尊重"的内容，进一步补充解释了"用左手盖住持武器的右手"的细节由来，属于补充相关额外信息，对应选项C。
40. 后续内容推断：全文始终围绕中国传统礼仪展开，没有提及西方礼仪，也没有铺垫要对比三类礼仪或者中西方礼仪的相关内容，介绍完已有的三类礼仪后，下文最符合行文逻辑的是继续介绍另一种中国传统礼仪，对应选项A。
【答案】
36. A 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. A
【知识点】
细节理解、语篇逻辑、推理判断
【点评】
本题结合中国传统礼仪的文化情境命题，设置了图示理解、后续内容推断的创新考法，既考查学生快速定位原文信息、梳理段落逻辑的阅读能力，也渗透了传统文化常识，整体考点常规，只要细心比对原文细节就能顺利得分。
【难度系数】
0.6
