一、语法专练 写出下列各句中画线部分的主要句子结构。
1. What will the weather be like this weekend?
2. More animals may lose their lives if the summer heat keeps getting worse.
3. The snowy season will begin soon and it will be a new year once again.
4. A few hunters still kill wild animals for money, not for food.
5. The boy called Tom is running along the river.
6. The boy called Tom is one of my best friends.
7. The flowers in the garden smell sweet.
8. She often helps her mother clear the snow in winter.
9. The sun rises in the east.
10. The little girl looks very happy, especially on sunny days.
11. They often play football after school on cool autumn days.
12. The cheerful boys are having fun flying kites.
13. The kind old man with a white beard lives alone in the small, cozy house at the end of the quiet street.
14. The freshly-cooked soup made by mom tastes really delicious.
1. What will the weather be like this weekend?
S+V+P
2. More animals may lose their lives if the summer heat keeps getting worse.
S+V+O
3. The snowy season will begin soon and it will be a new year once again.
S+V
S+V+P
4. A few hunters still kill wild animals for money, not for food.
S+V+O
5. The boy called Tom is running along the river.
S+V
6. The boy called Tom is one of my best friends.
S+V+P
7. The flowers in the garden smell sweet.
S+V+P
.8. She often helps her mother clear the snow in winter.
S+V+O
9. The sun rises in the east.
S+V
10. The little girl looks very happy, especially on sunny days.
S+V+P
11. They often play football after school on cool autumn days.
S+V+O
12. The cheerful boys are having fun flying kites.
S+V+O
13. The kind old man with a white beard lives alone in the small, cozy house at the end of the quiet street.
S+V
14. The freshly-cooked soup made by mom tastes really delicious.
S+V+P
答案
1. S+V+P 2. S+V+O 3. S+V;S+V+P 4. S+V+O
5. S+V 6. S+V+P 7. S+V+P 8. S+V+O
9. S+V 10. S+V+P 11. S+V+O 12. S+V+O
13. S+V 14. S+V+P
5. S+V 6. S+V+P 7. S+V+P 8. S+V+O
9. S+V 10. S+V+P 11. S+V+O 12. S+V+O
13. S+V 14. S+V+P
解析
【分析】要判断简单句的基本句型,需先明确核心句子成分:主语(S,描述的对象或动作执行者)、谓语(V,说明主语的动作或状态)、宾语(O,及物动词的动作对象)、表语(P,系动词后说明主语特征/身份的成分)。常见句型有S+V(主语+不及物动词)、S+V+O(主语+及物动词+宾语)、S+V+P(主语+系动词+表语)。解题时,先找画线部分的主语,再判断谓语动词类型(系动词/实义动词),即可确定句型。
【解析】1. 画线部分主语为the weather,谓语是系动词will be,后接表语,故为S+V+P;2. 画线部分主语为More animals,谓语是实义动词短语may lose,后接宾语their lives,故为S+V+O;3. 前半部分画线主语为The snowy season,谓语是不及物动词will begin,故为S+V;后半部分画线主语为it,谓语是系动词will be,后接表语a new year,故为S+V+P;4. 画线部分主语为A few hunters,谓语是实义动词kill,后接宾语wild animals,故为S+V+O;5. 画线部分主语为The boy called Tom,谓语是不及物动词is running,故为S+V;6. 画线部分主语为The boy called Tom,谓语是系动词is,后接表语one of my best friends,故为S+V+P;7. 画线部分主语为The flowers in the garden,谓语是系动词smell,后接表语sweet,故为S+V+P;8. 画线部分主语为She,谓语是实义动词helps,后接宾语her mother,故为S+V+O;9. 画线部分主语为The sun,谓语是不及物动词rises,故为S+V;10. 画线部分主语为The little girl,谓语是系动词looks,后接表语very happy,故为S+V+P;11. 画线部分主语为They,谓语是实义动词play,后接宾语football,故为S+V+O;12. 画线部分主语为The cheerful boys,谓语是实义动词are having,后接宾语fun,故为S+V+O;13. 画线部分主语为The kind old man with a white beard,谓语是不及物动词lives,故为S+V;14. 画线部分主语为The freshly-cooked soup made by mom,谓语是系动词tastes,后接表语really delicious,故为S+V+P。
【答案】1. S+V+P 2. S+V+O 3. S+V;S+V+P 4. S+V+O 5. S+V 6. S+V+P 7. S+V+P 8. S+V+O 9. S+V 10. S+V+P 11. S+V+O 12. S+V+O 13. S+V 14. S+V+P
【知识点】简单句基本句型,句子成分分析,系动词与实义动词辨析
【点评】本题为初中英语基础语法题,考察简单句核心句型的识别,需掌握主语、谓语、宾语、表语的判断方法,区分系动词与实义动词,是英语语法学习的重点基础内容,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】1. 画线部分主语为the weather,谓语是系动词will be,后接表语,故为S+V+P;2. 画线部分主语为More animals,谓语是实义动词短语may lose,后接宾语their lives,故为S+V+O;3. 前半部分画线主语为The snowy season,谓语是不及物动词will begin,故为S+V;后半部分画线主语为it,谓语是系动词will be,后接表语a new year,故为S+V+P;4. 画线部分主语为A few hunters,谓语是实义动词kill,后接宾语wild animals,故为S+V+O;5. 画线部分主语为The boy called Tom,谓语是不及物动词is running,故为S+V;6. 画线部分主语为The boy called Tom,谓语是系动词is,后接表语one of my best friends,故为S+V+P;7. 画线部分主语为The flowers in the garden,谓语是系动词smell,后接表语sweet,故为S+V+P;8. 画线部分主语为She,谓语是实义动词helps,后接宾语her mother,故为S+V+O;9. 画线部分主语为The sun,谓语是不及物动词rises,故为S+V;10. 画线部分主语为The little girl,谓语是系动词looks,后接表语very happy,故为S+V+P;11. 画线部分主语为They,谓语是实义动词play,后接宾语football,故为S+V+O;12. 画线部分主语为The cheerful boys,谓语是实义动词are having,后接宾语fun,故为S+V+O;13. 画线部分主语为The kind old man with a white beard,谓语是不及物动词lives,故为S+V;14. 画线部分主语为The freshly-cooked soup made by mom,谓语是系动词tastes,后接表语really delicious,故为S+V+P。
【答案】1. S+V+P 2. S+V+O 3. S+V;S+V+P 4. S+V+O 5. S+V 6. S+V+P 7. S+V+P 8. S+V+O 9. S+V 10. S+V+P 11. S+V+O 12. S+V+O 13. S+V 14. S+V+P
【知识点】简单句基本句型,句子成分分析,系动词与实义动词辨析
【点评】本题为初中英语基础语法题,考察简单句核心句型的识别,需掌握主语、谓语、宾语、表语的判断方法,区分系动词与实义动词,是英语语法学习的重点基础内容,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7
15. We, the future of the world, should actively protect the environment that we all depend on.
S+V+O
答案
15. S+V+O
解析
【分析】要判断句子结构,需先拆分句子的主干成分,忽略定语等修饰成分,明确动作的发出者(主语)、动作(谓语)、动作的承受者(宾语),再对应英语基本句型。
【解析】原句中,主语是We(动作的发出者),谓语是should protect(由情态动词+实义动词构成的动作部分),宾语是the environment(动作的承受者);that we all depend on是修饰environment的定语从句,属于修饰成分,不影响句子主干结构,因此句子结构为S+V+O。
【答案】S+V+O
【知识点】英语基本句子结构
【点评】本题考查英语简单句的基本结构,核心是识别句子主干成分,区分修饰语与核心成分,属于基础题型,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】原句中,主语是We(动作的发出者),谓语是should protect(由情态动词+实义动词构成的动作部分),宾语是the environment(动作的承受者);that we all depend on是修饰environment的定语从句,属于修饰成分,不影响句子主干结构,因此句子结构为S+V+O。
【答案】S+V+O
【知识点】英语基本句子结构
【点评】本题考查英语简单句的基本结构,核心是识别句子主干成分,区分修饰语与核心成分,属于基础题型,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
16. The cute little baby in the soft pink blanket cries loudly when he can’t play outside on rainy days.
S+V
答案
16. S+V
解析
【分析】要判断该句的基本结构,需先明确句子的主语(动作发出者,记为S)和谓语(主语发出的动作,记为V):本句中动作的发出者是“The cute little baby”,即主语;主语发出的动作是“cries”,且“cry”为不及物动词,后面不接宾语,因此句子仅由主语和谓语构成,对应S+V结构。
【解析】对句子成分划分:主语(S)是“The cute little baby”,谓语(V)是不及物动词“cries”,句子无宾语、表语等其他成分,属于“主语+谓语”的简单句结构。
【答案】S+V
【知识点】英语简单句基本句型;主谓结构
【点评】本题考查英语简单句的基础句型,需准确识别主语和谓语,属于语法基础考点,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】对句子成分划分:主语(S)是“The cute little baby”,谓语(V)是不及物动词“cries”,句子无宾语、表语等其他成分,属于“主语+谓语”的简单句结构。
【答案】S+V
【知识点】英语简单句基本句型;主谓结构
【点评】本题考查英语简单句的基础句型,需准确识别主语和谓语,属于语法基础考点,难度较低。
【难度系数】0.5
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