一、根据句意及所给中文提示、英文解释或首字母，写出句中所缺单词。
1. Our school's 100-metre （半决赛）started at 2 p. m. with loud cheers from crowds.
2. An energetic （爱尔兰的）student joined in the race and showed great passion for running.
3. Many fast and determined （赛跑运动员）pushed themselves to reach the finishing line first.
4. All athletes p their best, even when facing tiredness and strong competition.
5. No one wanted to （make sb feel upset）their classmates who came to cheer them on warmly.

1. semi-final 2. Irish 3. runners 4. performed
5. disappoint

【分析】本题为根据提示写单词的基础题型，需结合中文释义、英文解释、首字母及句子语境、语法规则填写正确单词：1. 由中文“半决赛”匹配对应英文名词；2. 中文“爱尔兰的”为形容词，直接对应；3. “赛跑运动员”是可数名词，many后需用复数形式；4. 首字母p结合固定搭配及语境确定动词过去式；5. 英文解释对应动词原形。
【解析】1. 中文提示“半决赛”对应的英文是semi-final，故填semi-final；2. “爱尔兰的”英文形容词为Irish，故填Irish；3. “赛跑运动员”是runner，many修饰可数名词复数，故填runners；4. 固定搭配perform one's best（尽最大努力），结合语境用一般过去式，故填performed；5. 英文解释“make sb feel upset”对应动词disappoint，want to后接动词原形，故填disappoint。
【答案】1. semi-final 2. Irish 3. runners 4. performed 5. disappoint
【知识点】英语单词拼写、名词复数、动词时态
【点评】本题考查基础词汇识记与简单语法运用，题型常规，难度较低，用于巩固英语基础词汇。
【难度系数】0.8

二、根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. It is (possible) to succeed if we always give up when facing difficulties.
2. She (lie) down on the bed to have a short rest after school yesterday.
3. Everyone should have a chance (achieve) his own dream.
4. Reading is an example of (improve) ourselves in daily life.
5. Peter promised that he (share) something interesting with me as soon as he finished reading the book.

1. impossible 2. lay 3. to achieve 4. improving
5. would share

【分析】
1. 第1题：根据句意“遇到困难就放弃的话，成功是不可能的”，需用possible的否定形容词形式；
2. 第2题：时间状语yesterday提示用一般过去时，lie表示“躺”的过去式为lay；
3. 第3题：固定搭配have a chance to do sth要求用动词不定式作后置定语；
4. 第4题：介词of后需接动词的动名词形式；
5. 第5题：as soon as引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句需用过去将来时。
【解析】
1. 结合句意，possible的否定形式为impossible，故填impossible；
2. 由yesterday可知句子为一般过去时，lie（躺）的过去式是lay，故填lay；
3. 固定搭配have a chance to do sth意为“有机会做某事”，此处用不定式作定语，故填to achieve；
4. 介词of后接动名词，improve的动名词是improving，故填improving；
5. as soon as从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时，share的过去将来式为would share，故填would share。
【答案】
1. impossible 2. lay 3. to achieve 4. improving 5. would share
【知识点】
动词时态、非谓语动词、形容词变形
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础语法，涵盖核心考点，题型常见，难度适中，适合巩固英语基础。
【难度系数】
0.5

()1. —She sings really beautifully.
—Yes. She is very talented. She may the ability to sing.

A.get on with
B.catch up with
C.be born with
D.come up with

1. C 【点拨】be born with 天生具有,与生俱来,后接天赋、能力等。故选 C。

【分析】
这道题考查动词短语的辨析，解题思路是先明确每个选项短语的含义，再结合题干语境（她有唱歌天赋，对应“天生具备能力”的表述）来筛选正确选项。先理解题干对话：一方夸赞她唱歌好听，另一方回应她有天赋，空格处需填入表示“天生具有”的短语。
【解析】
逐一分析选项：A选项get on with意为“与……相处；进展”，不符合语境；B选项catch up with意为“赶上；追上”，与“天生具备能力”无关；C选项be born with意为“天生具有、与生俱来”，契合题干中“有天赋（天生具备唱歌能力）”的语境；D选项come up with意为“提出；想出”，不符合语义逻辑。因此正确答案为C。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
动词短语辨析；语境理解
【点评】
本题结合日常对话语境考查常用动词短语的含义，需要学生准确掌握各短语的意思并能结合上下文匹配语义，属于基础型短语辨析题。
【难度系数】
0.4

()2. —I have a bad cold and feel very tired.
—You should stay home and rest . Don't go to school until you feel better.

A.in bed
B.in surprise
C.in trouble
D.in fact

2. A 【点拨】in bed 卧床,躺在床上(休息/养病),符合生病休息的语境。故选 A。

【分析】本题是情景交际中的介词短语辨析题。首先理解对话语境：一方表示自己得了重感冒、很累，另一方给出建议“应该待在家里休息，直到感觉好转再上学”。接下来需分析各选项含义，结合语境选出符合生病休息的短语。
【解析】逐一分析选项：A. in bed 意为“卧床（休息、养病）”，契合生病后在家休养的语境；B. in surprise 意为“惊讶地”，与语境不符；C. in trouble 意为“处于困境中”，不符合语境；D. in fact 意为“事实上”，不适合此处的建议语境。因此正确答案为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】介词短语辨析；情景交际
【点评】本题结合日常生病的生活情景，考查常用介词短语的语义辨析，属于基础题型，需要学生掌握常见介词短语的含义并能结合语境运用。
【难度系数】0.8

()3.(2025·江苏淮安·期中)The old lady didn't leave the bus station her son got on the coach.

A.since
B.until
C.while
D.as

3. B 【点拨】since 自……以来;until 直到……为止;while 当……的时候;as 像……一样。根据语境可知,直到儿子上了车她才离开。故选 B。

【分析】
这道题考查时间连词的辨析及固定搭配。首先观察句子中的否定结构“didn't leave”，结合选项连词，回忆固定搭配“not...until”（直到……才……）的用法，再逐一分析各选项含义，结合语境选出正确答案。
【解析】
逐一分析选项：A选项since意为“自……以来”，不符合句子逻辑；B选项until意为“直到……为止”，“not...until”是固定搭配，表“直到……才……”，契合“老太太直到儿子上长途汽车才离开汽车站”的语境；C选项while意为“当……的时候”，多引导延续性动作的从句，不符合此处逻辑；D选项as意为“像……一样”或“当……时”，多表伴随或同时发生，不符合语境。因此选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】时间连词辨析；固定搭配not...until
【点评】本题考查英语基础的时间连词用法，需掌握常见连词含义及固定搭配，属于基础题型。
【难度系数】0.8

()4. —I have achieved my dream of becoming a musician.
—Great! your hard work, you made it.

A.Instead of
B.As for
C.Thanks to
D.Hope for

4. C 【点拨】thanks to 多亏,归功于,后接名词短语。故选 C。

【分析】本题考查英语短语的词义辨析，需结合对话语境选择合适的短语。首先理解对话含义：一方实现了当音乐家的梦想，另一方称赞并说明成功的原因。逐一分析选项短语的意思，匹配语境即可得出答案。
【解析】对话意为：——我实现了当音乐家的梦想。——太棒了！多亏你的努力，你成功了。
选项分析：
A. Instead of：意为“代替；而不是”，不符合语境；
B. As for：意为“至于；关于”，不符合语境；
C. Thanks to：意为“多亏；归功于”，后接名词短语，符合“成功源于努力”的语境；
D. Hope for：意为“希望”，不符合语境。
因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】短语辨析；固定搭配
【点评】本题为基础短语辨析题，需掌握常用短语的含义，结合语境即可快速作答，属于易得分题。
【难度系数】0.8

()5. —I'm tired and I don't want to keep working on my dream.
—Come on. .

A.It doesn't matter
B.Don't give up
C.Have a try
D.Good idea

5. B 【点拨】Don't give up 不要放弃。故选 B。

【分析】
先通读对话理解语境：说话人1表示疲惫，不想继续为梦想努力，说话人2需要给出鼓励类的回应。接着逐一分析选项含义，结合语境匹配最合适的答语。
【解析】
逐一分析选项：A选项“It doesn't matter”意为“没关系”，多用于回应道歉或安慰小失误，不符合语境；B选项“Don't give up”意为“不要放弃”，是鼓励对方坚持的用语，契合说话人1想放弃梦想时的鼓励场景；C选项“Have a try”意为“试一试”，侧重鼓励尝试新事物，与“坚持梦想”的语境不符；D选项“Good idea”意为“好主意”，用于赞同对方想法，不符合语境。因此选B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
情景交际；日常用语
【点评】
本题考查日常情景对话中的鼓励类用语，需结合对话语境选择恰当回应，属于基础交际题，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
The famous scientist, Charles Darwin, was born on 12 February 1809. His family lived not far from the River Severn, the UK. As 1 boy, Darwin liked going for walks in the fields and forests. He watched nature and compared what he saw 2 everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting. He collected many things such as birds, eggs, stones and 3 (leaf). His father did not like this, as Darwin was not studying very well at school.
When he was 16, Darwin was sent to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. However, he was 4 (interest) in nature.
Some time later, Darwin heard that the ship Beagle 5 (go) on a journey and wanted a scientist. His professor advised him to go, so when the ship left the UK in December 1831, Darwin was on it. The research lasted for almost five 6 (year). Darwin saw many new animals and plants.
In 1842, Darwin went to live in a new place, where he kept on 7 (study) the changes in nature. He understood that animals and plants are not always the same and that they 8 (real) change.
By 1859, Darwin had finished his famous book On the Origin of Species. It made a great hit in the world of science. Later, more and more 9 (science) realized that his theory was right. Darwin did not stop his studies in science 10 he died in 1882.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. a 2. with 3. leaves 4. interested
5. was going 6. years 7. studying 8. really
9. scientists 10. until

【分析】本题为英语语法填空题，需结合语境、固定搭配、词性变化、时态规则等知识解题。先通读全文理解达尔文的生平背景，再逐个分析每个空的考点：1.考查固定搭配；2.考查固定短语；3.考查名词复数；4.考查固定搭配；5.考查过去进行时；6.考查名词复数；7.考查非谓语动词；8.考查副词修饰动词；9.考查名词复数；10.考查固定句式。
【解析】1.固定搭配as a boy，意为“作为一个男孩”，故填a；2.固定短语compare...with...，意为“把……和……比较”，故填with；3.leaf是可数名词，与birds、eggs等并列，需用复数形式leaves；4.固定搭配be interested in，意为“对……感兴趣”，故填interested；5.主句为过去时，从句表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时was going；6.five后接可数名词复数，故填years；7.固定搭配keep on doing sth，意为“继续做某事”，故填studying；8.修饰动词change需用副词，real的副词形式是really；9.more and more后接可数名词复数，指“科学家”，故填scientists；10.固定句式not...until...，意为“直到……才……”，故填until。
【答案】1. a 2. with 3. leaves 4. interested 5. was going 6. years 7. studying 8. really 9. scientists 10. until
【知识点】冠词用法、固定搭配、名词复数、时态、非谓语动词
【点评】本题综合考查英语基础语法与词汇搭配，涵盖冠词、介词、名词、形容词、副词、时态、非谓语、固定句式等考点，侧重基础知识的运用，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6